符明雄
[摘要] 目的 探討集體食堂中食物中毒預(yù)防方法和控制措施。方法 在2010—2019年期間集體食堂中毒情況的相關(guān)資料進(jìn)行分析統(tǒng)計(jì),明確食物中毒事件內(nèi)容,并采取有效的預(yù)防措施和控制方法。結(jié)果 10年中發(fā)生了120件集體食堂中毒事件,中毒人數(shù)共3 500人,其中5~10月份發(fā)生食物中毒事件共87件,占比為72.50%;有95件(79.17%)食物中毒事件因餐飲單位造成;副溶血性弧菌造成的食物中毒情況占細(xì)菌性食物中毒的比例為50.00%(40/80);生熟交叉感染、熟食儲備不當(dāng)、加工人員污染等均為細(xì)菌性食物中毒的主要因素。針對其采取相應(yīng)的預(yù)防措施、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理、過程控制、社會共治等相關(guān)方法,獲得較高的治療效果。結(jié)論 針對集體食堂中食物中毒事件,采取有效的策略和措施,對臨床食物中毒事件予以有效的控制,使集體食物中毒事件發(fā)生率明顯降低。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 集體食堂;食物中毒;控制;預(yù)防
[中圖分類號] R15 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1672-5654(2020)09(c)-0180-03
[Abstract] Objective To discuss the prevention and control measures of food poisoning in collective canteens. Methods From 2010 to 2019, the relevant data of the poisoning situation in collective canteens were analyzed and statistics, the content of food poisoning incidents was clarified, and effective preventive measures and control methods were adopted. Results There were 120 canteen poisoning incidents in 10 years, with a total of 3 500 people being poisoned. Among them, 87 food poisoning incidents occurred from May to October, accounting for 72.50%; 95(79.17%) food poisoning incidents were caused by food poisoning incidents. Food poisoning caused by catering units; food poisoning caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus accounts for 50.00% of bacterial food poisoning (40/80); cross-infection of raw and cooked food, improper cooked food storage, contamination of processing personnel, etc. are all caused by bacterial food poisoning major factor. Take corresponding preventive measures, risk management, process control, social co-governance and other related methods for them, and obtain higher treatment effects. Conclusion In response to food poisoning incidents in collective canteens, effective strategies and measures have been adopted to effectively control clinical food poisoning incidents, so that the incidence of collective food poisoning incidents was significantly reduced.
[Key words] Collective canteens; Food poisoning; Control; Prevention
近幾年,食品藥品監(jiān)督管理部門主要以預(yù)防措施、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理、過程控制、社會共治為主要監(jiān)管理念,針對食物中毒事件制定相應(yīng)防控方案和措施,使食物中毒情況得到有效控制,將食物中毒導(dǎo)致的健康危害和社會影響情況予以降低[1]。在各級政府、市民、社會各界關(guān)注的問題中,預(yù)防和控制食物中毒發(fā)生十分重要。在各級衛(wèi)生部門和監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)中,其工作十分重要。衛(wèi)生行政部門和各級衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)建立《食物中毒事件處理應(yīng)急預(yù)案》,進(jìn)而建立應(yīng)急事件處置小組,并保證24 h值班,一經(jīng)出現(xiàn)食物中毒情況,在短時間內(nèi)處置現(xiàn)場事件。將自身衛(wèi)生管理水平予以提升,使對食品衛(wèi)生監(jiān)管力度予以提升?,F(xiàn)對2010—2019年間集體食堂食物中毒情況進(jìn)行分析,并采取有效預(yù)防對策的價(jià)值。報(bào)道如下。
1? 集體食堂中毒的時間與中毒因素
1.1? 中毒情況
在2010—2019年期間集體食堂中毒情況的相關(guān)資料[2]進(jìn)行分析統(tǒng)計(jì),10年中發(fā)生了120件集體食堂中毒事件,中毒人數(shù)共3 500人?,F(xiàn)今食物中毒發(fā)生率逐漸下降,中毒發(fā)生率降低。其主要內(nèi)容見表1。
1.2? 時間分布情況
1.3? 集體食堂食物中毒的致病因素