高倩 李國棟
摘 要: 為有效地幫助企業(yè)快速找到合適的供應(yīng)商合作伙伴,采用直覺模糊集、評分函數(shù)等方法對TOPSIS評估法進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,并以此為基礎(chǔ)建立了一種供應(yīng)商選擇模型。
首先,采集和評估供應(yīng)商的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、產(chǎn)品價格、產(chǎn)品交貨的可靠性、供應(yīng)位置、財(cái)務(wù)情況、庫存水平、勞資關(guān)系、發(fā)展能力和技術(shù)能力等相關(guān)信息,由專家給出主觀評估信息,匯總為綜合屬性值;然后,通過直覺模糊熵確定各評估指標(biāo)的權(quán)重;最后,綜合考慮供應(yīng)商選擇決策過程中的多個目標(biāo)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn),應(yīng)用改進(jìn)TOPSIS法的對供應(yīng)商進(jìn)行分類選擇。結(jié)果顯示,基于改進(jìn)TOPSIS法的供應(yīng)商選擇模型能夠較準(zhǔn)確地反映出各供應(yīng)商的真實(shí)水平和對企業(yè)的潛在價值,可以有效地解決不確定條件下對供應(yīng)商的選擇問題,提高了供應(yīng)商選擇結(jié)果的可靠性。改進(jìn)后的模型簡便易行,具有良好的穩(wěn)定性,對于合理制定企業(yè)供應(yīng)商選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化決策模型具有一定的借鑒意義。
關(guān)鍵詞: 決策理論;TOPSIS法;選擇;供應(yīng)鏈;供應(yīng)商
中圖分類號: F202? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:? A
doi:? 10.7535/hbgykj.2020yx06005
Research on supplier selection model based on
improved TOPSIS method
GAO Qian, LI Guodong
(School of Chinese Law and Economic Management, Shengli College China University of Petroleum, Dongying,Shandong? 257000, China)
Abstract:
In order to help enterprises find suitable supplier partners effectively in a short time, the TOPSIS evaluation method was optimized by utilizing intuitionistic fuzzy sets and scoring functions, based on this, a supplier selection model was established. Firstly, the product information of suppliers such as quality, product price, delivery reliability, supply location, financial situation, inventory level, labor relation, development ability and technical ability of suppliers was collected and evaluated. After that, the subjective evaluation information was given by experts, and comprehensive attribute values were obtained. Then, the weight of each evaluation index was determined by intuitionistic fuzzy entropy. Finally, taking multiple objectives and criteria into consideration in the process of supplier selection, the improved TOPSIS method was applied to classify and? select? suppliers. The results show that the supplier selection model based on improved TOPSIS method can accurately reflect the true level and potential value of each supplier for enterprises. It can effectively solve the problem of supplier selection under uncertain conditions, and improve the reliability of supplier selection results. With merits of easier operation and better stability, the improved model provides significant reference for making reasonable supplier selection standards and further optimizing the decision-making model.
Keywords:
decision theory; TOPSIS method; selection; supply chain; supplier
國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對供應(yīng)商選擇的研究主要集中在2個方面:一方面是供應(yīng)商選擇決策過程的方式和模型;另一方面是供應(yīng)商的選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。針對決策過程的方式和模型角度,曹一哲等? [1] 指出,供應(yīng)商的選擇本質(zhì)上是一個決策過程,其目的是將潛在供應(yīng)商的初始集合盡可能縮減,以便在最后決策時能夠從極少的幾個備選單位中挑選出最佳供應(yīng)商。先從現(xiàn)有的供應(yīng)商庫中選擇或者尋找新的供應(yīng)商,再根據(jù)當(dāng)前情況對供應(yīng)商的多個定量和定性指標(biāo)進(jìn)行評估,從而確定最終供應(yīng)商。趙國軍? [2] 認(rèn)為由于部分無相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)作為參考,大多數(shù)情況下的決策過程都存在不確定性,同時,多位決策者對定性和定量指標(biāo)的評估具有主觀性,一定程度上影響了評估結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。
1) 穩(wěn)定性 使用改進(jìn)模型對供應(yīng)商進(jìn)行排序,不斷微調(diào),觀察模型數(shù)據(jù)在多次指標(biāo)權(quán)重不同情境下的變化情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)改進(jìn)TOPSIS模型對指標(biāo)權(quán)重的調(diào)整是相對穩(wěn)定的。因此,生產(chǎn)企業(yè)可以依據(jù)改進(jìn)模型對供應(yīng)商進(jìn)行篩選。
2) 真實(shí)性 利用改進(jìn)TOPSIS模型對企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、產(chǎn)品采購價格、產(chǎn)品交貨的可靠性、供應(yīng)位置、財(cái)務(wù)情況、庫存水平、勞資關(guān)系、發(fā)展能力和技術(shù)能力等方面進(jìn)行評估,能夠反映出供應(yīng)商的實(shí)際水平和潛在價值。
3) 高效性 改進(jìn)模型基于選擇決策的多角度指標(biāo),將直覺模糊集和評分函數(shù)融入傳統(tǒng)的TOPSIS決策評價方法,對供應(yīng)商的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量等9項(xiàng)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測算,并對供應(yīng)商進(jìn)行分類選擇,最終篩選出能夠真正體現(xiàn)實(shí)際潛力及客觀水平的供應(yīng)商。因此,改進(jìn)模型能夠幫助企業(yè)準(zhǔn)確、迅速地挑選出合適的供應(yīng)商。
改進(jìn)的供應(yīng)商選擇模型的評價指標(biāo)采用的是單一的評估類型值(即直覺模糊集數(shù)據(jù)類型),具有一定的局限性。為了提高模型的適用性,建議今后應(yīng)嘗試采用多種評估類型值(例如語言形式評估值、主觀評估值、客觀評估值等)對評價對象作出多維度評價,進(jìn)一步提高模型的準(zhǔn)確性。
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