郝松華 王旭貞
摘要 [目的]評(píng)價(jià)增效“病毒克”顆粒劑對(duì)人工感染新城疫病毒(newcastle disease virus,NDV)肉仔雞免疫功能的影響。[方法]選取1日齡的健康A(chǔ)A肉仔雞250只,隨機(jī)分為5組。21日齡時(shí),除陰性對(duì)照組(Ⅳ組)外,其余各組均用NDV強(qiáng)毒株攻毒,各治療組(I~Ⅲ組)在22~25日齡飲水中分別添加0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的增效“病毒克”顆粒劑,Ⅳ、Ⅴ組(陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組)不用藥。在攻毒前1 d和攻毒后1、3、7、15 d,觀察血清免疫球蛋白及新城疫抗體效價(jià)的變化;試驗(yàn)結(jié)束時(shí),每組隨機(jī)屠宰15只,取胸腺、法氏囊和脾臟,計(jì)算免疫器官指數(shù)。[結(jié)果]Ⅱ、Ⅲ組血清IgG 含量在攻毒后15 d與Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ組差異極顯著 (P<0.01);Ⅱ、Ⅲ組血清IgA含量在攻毒后3、7 d均極顯著高于Ⅳ、Ⅴ組(P<0.01),以2.0%治療組效果最佳;各組間血清中IgM 含量無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ組新城疫抗體效價(jià)在攻毒后7、15 d均極顯著高于Ⅴ組(P<0.01);與Ⅳ組相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅴ組脾臟指數(shù)、胸腺指數(shù)和法氏囊指數(shù)均顯著升高(P<0.05);Ⅲ組法氏囊指數(shù)顯著升高(P<0.05),脾臟指數(shù)和胸腺指數(shù)也有所升高但差異不顯著(P>0.05)。[結(jié)論]飲水中添加1.0%~2.0%的增效“病毒克”顆粒劑能明顯增加雞體的免疫功能和抗NDV能力。
關(guān)鍵詞 增效“病毒克”;新城疫病毒;免疫球蛋白;抗體效價(jià);免疫器官指數(shù)
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào) S852.65;S859? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A
文章編號(hào) 0517-6611(2020)20-0083-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.20.023
Effects of Synergistic “Bingduke” Granules on Immunology Function of Broilers Artificially Infected by NDV
HAO Song-hua,WANG Xu-zhen (Shanxi College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030024)
Abstract [Objective] To evaluate the effects of Synergistic “Bingduke” Granules on the immune function of broilers artificially infected by newcastle disease virus(NDV).[Method] Two hundred and fifty healthy AA broilers (1 day-old) were selected and randomly divded into five groups.At 21-day-old,broilers in all groups were challenged by highly virulent strain of NDV except negative group (Ⅳ).0.5%,1.0% and? 2.0% Synergistic “Bingduke” Granules were added in the drinking water of 22-25 day-old broilers in I,Ⅱ,Ⅲ treatment groups,and no drug was administrated in Ⅳ group,Ⅴ group(positive control group).The changes of? serum immunoglobulin and ND antibody titer were observed at 1 d before virus challenge and 1,3,7 and 15 d after virus challenge.At the end of the test,10 chicken? randomly selected from each group were slaughtered,and thymus,bursa and spleen were quickly excised,and the immune organ index was calculated.[Result] IgG content in the serum in Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups had extremely significant difference with that in Ⅰ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ groups at 15 d after virus challenge(P<0.01).At? 3,7 d after virus challenge,IgA content in Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups was extremely significantly higher than that of Ⅳ,Ⅴ group? (P<0.01), IgA content in Ⅲ group(adding 2.0% Synergistic “Bingduke” Granules ) were the highest.IgM content in the serum had no significant difference among? all groups(P>0.05).NDV antibody titer inⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups was extremely significantly higher than that of Ⅴ group after virus challenge 7 and 15 d(P<0.01).Compared with Ⅳ group,the spleen index,thymus index and bursa index in Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅴ groups were significantly increased? (P< 0.05);The bursa index in Ⅲ group significantly increased (P<0.05),the spleen index and thymus index in Ⅲ group increased (P> 0.05).[Conclusion] Adding 1.0%-2.0%? Synergistic “Bingduke” Granules in the drinking water could significantly improve the immune function and the resistance of broilers to NDV.
免疫球蛋白主要存在于血清中,具有抗病毒、抗菌、抗外毒素等多種生物活性功能。家禽體內(nèi)含有IgG、IgA和IgM 3種重要的免疫球蛋白 [9]。IgG在血液中含量最高,是B淋巴細(xì)胞活化后產(chǎn)生,具有抗細(xì)菌、抗病毒和抗毒素及調(diào)理、凝集和沉淀抗原的作用,在抗體介導(dǎo)的防衛(wèi)機(jī)理中占主要地位;IgM是由漿細(xì)胞完整分泌,常存在于血液內(nèi),是體液免疫反應(yīng)僅次于IgG的抗體,是抗病原微生物感染的先鋒抗體,在抗感染早期發(fā)揮著重要作用 [10];IgA是黏膜免疫的主要抗體,在保護(hù)呼吸道、腸道、泌尿生殖道、乳腺和眼睛等黏膜抵抗病原微生物和有害物質(zhì)的入侵,作為抗感染的最初屏障起著十分重要的作用 [4]。因此,檢測(cè)特異性IgG、IgA 、IgM抗體水平是評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)體免疫水平的重要指標(biāo)。
該試驗(yàn)中各增效“病毒克”顆粒劑治療組血清IgG含量均高于陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組,在攻毒15 d時(shí),2.0%和1.0%治療組明顯高于0.5%治療組、陰性和陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組(P<0.01),說(shuō)明增效“病毒克”顆粒劑具有提高NDV感染肉雞血清IgG含量的作用,對(duì) NDV具有調(diào)理、凝集和沉淀的作用,從而增強(qiáng)機(jī)體的防衛(wèi)機(jī)能。攻毒后3 d,2.0%和1.0%治療組IgA含量極顯著高于0.5%治療組、陰性對(duì)照組、陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組(P<0.01);攻毒后 7 d,各治療組IgA含量亦明顯高于陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組、陰性對(duì)照組,2.0%治療組IgA含量明顯高于1.0%治療組;攻毒后15 d,各組IgA含量基本趨于一致。這說(shuō)明增效“病毒克”顆粒劑具有提高 NDV感染肉雞血清IgA含量的作用,對(duì)于保護(hù)呼吸道、腸道、泌尿生殖道、乳腺和眼睛抵抗新城疫病毒的入侵方面起關(guān)鍵作用。
3.2 增效“病毒克”能提高NDV感染雞ND抗體效價(jià)
已有的研究表明,口蘑多糖及某些中草藥復(fù)方通過(guò)刺激B細(xì)胞,使其分化增殖轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闈{細(xì)胞,分泌抗體從而增強(qiáng)動(dòng)物機(jī)體體液免疫功能 [11]。血清中 HI抗體水平的高低在一定程度上可反映機(jī)體對(duì)疾病的抵抗能力。該試驗(yàn)通過(guò)給試驗(yàn)肉仔雞人工接種NDV-F48E9株后,檢測(cè)血清中抗NDV特異性HI抗體效價(jià)水平,研究增效“病毒克”顆粒劑對(duì)肉仔雞體液免疫功能的影響。結(jié)果表明,各治療組在攻毒后3 d才產(chǎn)生新城疫抗體,各治療組ND抗體效價(jià)在攻毒3 d后均高于陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組(P>0.05),且在攻毒后7 d各治療組(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ)與Ⅳ、Ⅴ組差異極顯著(P<0.01),說(shuō)明增效“病毒克”能促進(jìn)NDV感染肉仔雞的體液免疫功能,且呈現(xiàn)一定的量效關(guān)系。
3.3 增效“病毒克”對(duì)肉仔雞免疫器官指數(shù)的影響
胸腺、脾臟和法氏囊,是雞體內(nèi)參與細(xì)胞免疫和體液免疫的重要器官,其發(fā)育狀態(tài)能在一定程度上反映出機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài),因此常用免疫器官指數(shù)作為衡量機(jī)體免疫功能的直觀指標(biāo) [12]。在正常動(dòng)物機(jī)體內(nèi),免疫器官重量增加為免疫功能增強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn),而免疫器官重量降低提示免疫功能降低或抑制,如長(zhǎng)期攝入過(guò)量的DON可以降低雛雞的免疫器官指數(shù)和免疫功能 [13]。該試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組、低、中劑量組脾臟指數(shù)、胸腺指數(shù)和法氏囊指數(shù)顯著高于陰性對(duì)照組 (P<0.05);值得注意的是,陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組脾臟指數(shù)、胸腺指數(shù)和法氏囊指數(shù)顯著高于陰性對(duì)照組(P<0.05),可能與病毒感染造成免疫器官一定程度的出血、水腫及增生等組織病變有關(guān);低、中、高劑量的增效“病毒克”顆粒劑一方面可以刺激免疫器官中T、B淋巴細(xì)胞增生,另一方面也對(duì)受損免疫器官具有修復(fù)的功效。關(guān)于增效“病毒克”顆粒劑對(duì)NDV感染肉仔雞免疫器官組織學(xué)變化的詳細(xì)機(jī)理有待日后進(jìn)一步深入 研究。
4 結(jié)論
飲水中添加不同劑量增效“病毒克”顆粒劑具有提高NDV感染肉仔雞ND抗體效價(jià)和外周血液中IgG和IgA含量的作用,從而增強(qiáng)機(jī)體對(duì)新城疫病毒的體液免疫功能,拮抗和修復(fù)NDV對(duì)雞體各組織器官造成的損傷和破壞。
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