解動詞時態(tài)題“有法可依”

王慶光

動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一直是歷年高考英語考查的熱點和重點之一。下面就來介紹解動詞時態(tài)題的幾個技巧。

一、尋找時間標(biāo)志詞，巧解時態(tài)題

[思路點撥] 通常來說，每一種時態(tài)都有與其搭配使用的時間狀語，因此，解題時應(yīng)首先尋找題干中的時間狀語標(biāo)志詞，據(jù)此確定時態(tài)，從而解題。

以下是八種基本時態(tài)及其經(jīng)常與之連用的時間狀語：

一般現(xiàn)在時：always， often， usually， every day， sometimes， once a week...

一般過去時：yesterday morning / afternoon...， last year / week / month...， ... weeks / months / years ago， in 1999...

一般將來時：tomorrow morning / afternoon...， next week / month...， in 5 years...

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：now， at present， at the moment...

過去進(jìn)行時：at this time yesterday， at... yesterday morning / evening...

過去將來時：常根據(jù)上下語境來判斷。

現(xiàn)在完成時：since last year， for a month， already， yet， ever， never， several times， lately， recently， before， during / over the last ten years...

過去完成時：by the end of last term， till 2003...

[真題回放]

1. Scientists think that the continents ______always where they _______ today.

A. arent; are??? ???????? B. arent; were

C. werent; are???? D. werent; were

2. At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic.

A. were going to fly

B. well be flying

C. well fly?????????????? D. were to fly

[答案與簡析] 1. C。根據(jù)句末時間狀語today的提示，可以推知句意為“大陸過去并非總是位于它們現(xiàn)在所在的位置”，所以第一空用一般過去時，第二空用一般現(xiàn)在時。

2. B。表示將來某時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作要用將來進(jìn)行時態(tài)， at this time tomorrow是時間標(biāo)志詞。

二、利用“時態(tài)呼應(yīng)”原則，巧解時態(tài)題

有不少高考試題是從“時態(tài)呼應(yīng)”的角度命制的，因此我們可以從這一角度入手解題。

[思路點撥] （1）含時間狀語從句及條件狀語從句的主、從句時態(tài)要呼應(yīng)：在時間和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時，一般過去時表示過去將來時;（2）賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)要和主句的謂語動詞時態(tài)相呼應(yīng)：①如果主句謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r態(tài)，則從句動詞可用所需要的任何時態(tài); ②主句動詞為過去時，則從句動詞須用合適的某種過去時態(tài)。

[真題回放] 1. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _______from the university next year.

A. will graduate??????? B. will have graduated

C. graduates??????? ??? D. is to graduate

2. The water will be further polluted unless

some measures _______.

A. will be taken???????? B. are taken

C. were taken?? ??? D. had been taken

歸納總結(jié)

Life is ten percent what you make it and ninety percent how you take it.

—Berlin

生活有百分之十在于你如何塑造它，有百分之九十在于你如何對待它。

——柏林

3. We were all surprised when he made it clear

that he _______ office soon.

A. leaves?????? ???????????? B. would leave

C. left??????? ???????????????? D. had left

4. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets? _______.

A. was booked? ???? B. had been booked

C. were booked? ?? D. have been booked

[答案與簡析] 1. C。by the time... 意為“到……時”，它所引導(dǎo)的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。2. B。主句用了一般將來時態(tài)，unless（除非）引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。3. B。賓語從句中的謂語動詞leave所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞made之后，故用過去將來時態(tài)。4. B。主句的謂語動詞用了一般過去時，而從句的謂語book（預(yù)定）所表示的動作發(fā)生在它之前，且表被動，故B為正確選項。

三、 捕捉語境中的隱含時間，巧解時態(tài)題

在近幾年的高考試題中，時態(tài)常被放在一個小語境或者是包含兩三個句子的小對話中來考查，題干中往往也沒有明確的時間狀語，這時又該如何著手呢？

[思路點撥]不是沒有時間狀語，而是時間狀語比較隱蔽。這時要分析語境，捕捉題干中對動作發(fā)生時間的暗含信息：可以把語境里完整句子中的動詞或者另一相關(guān)動詞所發(fā)生的時間作為參照時間，再把選項中的動詞與之比較，看看它所表示的動作是發(fā)生在參照時間之前、之后，還是正在進(jìn)行，從而確定應(yīng)該用什么時態(tài)。

[真題回放]

1. Rainforests _______ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.

A. cut?????? ????????? B. are cut

C. are being cut?? D. had been cut

2. —Whats wrong with your coat？

—Just now when I wanted to get off the bus， the man next to me _______ on it.

A. sat??????? ???? ??????????????? B. had sat

C. had been sitting? D. was sitting

3. My mind wasnt on what he was saying so

Im afraid I _______ half of it.

A. was missing?????????????????? B. had missed

C. will miss ???? ??????????? D. missed

4. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _______ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.

A. were deciding????? B. have decided

C. decided??????? ??? ???????? D. will decide

5. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _______ placed under the Ministers car.

A. has been?? ????????????????? B. was being

C. had been?? ???????????????? D. would be

[答案與簡析]

1. C。后半句說雨林將會消失（will disappear），因此前面的空格應(yīng)該是“現(xiàn)在正在被砍伐”，故C為正確選項。2. D。just now是過去時間參照點，在那時sit的動作正在發(fā)生，所以用過去進(jìn)行時。3. D。應(yīng)把wasnt作為參照時間，而選項動詞miss與其并列，且不強調(diào)正在進(jìn)行，故用一般過去式即可。 4. B。后面賓語從句中用了一般將來時wont support，根據(jù)時態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則可知選項A和C都不對。前半句用過去進(jìn)行時說明他原打算出國學(xué)習(xí)，但他的父母卻已經(jīng)作出決定將不資助他，所以B為正確選項。5. C。把過去式（was suddenly caught）作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照時間，而選項動詞所表示的的動作在那之前已經(jīng)完成，屬“過去的過去”，因此用過去完成時態(tài)。