李冬梅
【摘要】 目的:探討低劑量米索前列醇置陰道后穹隆與低位水囊促宮頸成熟后催產(chǎn)素引產(chǎn)的效果。方法:選擇2017年3月-2019年3月筆者所在醫(yī)院90例孕晚期促宮頸成熟引產(chǎn)產(chǎn)婦,隨機(jī)分為兩組,各45例。對(duì)照組行低位水囊引產(chǎn),觀察組行低劑量米索前列醇置陰道后穹隆引產(chǎn),比較兩組促宮頸成熟效果、分娩指標(biāo)及新生兒Apgar評(píng)分。結(jié)果:觀察組促宮頸成熟總有效率為97.78%,高于對(duì)照組的86.67%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組引產(chǎn)至臨產(chǎn)時(shí)間、總產(chǎn)程時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組產(chǎn)后出血量、新生兒Apgar評(píng)分比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:與低位水囊相比,孕晚期促宮頸成熟引產(chǎn)產(chǎn)婦采用低劑量米索前列醇置陰道后穹隆可進(jìn)一步提升宮頸成熟效果,縮短引產(chǎn)時(shí)間及產(chǎn)程時(shí)間,且不會(huì)對(duì)母嬰健康產(chǎn)生影響,應(yīng)用價(jià)值較高。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 引產(chǎn) 米索前列醇 低位水囊 催產(chǎn)素
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.13.060 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 B 文章編號(hào) 1674-6805(2020)13-0-02
Effects of Low Dose Misoprostol into the Posterior Fornix of Vagina and Low Water Bladder for Cervical Maturation on Induced Labor by Oxytocin/LI Dongmei. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research, 2020, 18(13): -146
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effects of low dose Misoprostol into the posterior fornix of vagina and low water bladder for cervical maturation on induced labor by Oxytocin. Method: A total of 90 parturients who promoted cervical maturation and induced labor in the third trimester of pregnancy in our hospital from March 2017 to March 2019 were selected and randomly divided into two groups, 45 cases in each group. The control group was induced by low water bladder, and the observation group was induced by Misoprostol into the posterior fornix of vagina to induce. The effects of cervical maturation, delivery indexes and neonatal Apgar score were compared between the two groups. Result: The total effective rate of cervical maturation in the observation group was 97.78%, which was significantly higher than 86.67% of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The time from induced labor to parturition and total duration of labor were shorter than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). And the amount of postpartum hemorrhage and neonatal Apgar score were compared between the two groups, and the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with the low water bladder, low dose Misoprostol into the posterior fornix of vagina in parturients who promoted cervical maturation and induced labor in the third trimester of pregnancy can further improve the effect of cervical maturation, shorten the time of induced labor and the duration of labor, and will not affect the health of mother and child, and has a higher value.
[Key words] Induced labor Misoprostol Low water bladder Oxytocin
First-authors address: Songzi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Songzi 434200, China
足月產(chǎn)婦易受到各種因素影響而出現(xiàn)分娩問(wèn)題,對(duì)產(chǎn)婦及新生兒造成較大危害[1]。為保證母嬰健康,針對(duì)孕晚期伴危險(xiǎn)因素的產(chǎn)婦需進(jìn)行誘導(dǎo)分娩,但對(duì)于宮頸不成熟產(chǎn)婦需先采取促宮頸成熟措施。雖然可采用催產(chǎn)素促宮頸成熟,但效果有限,需配合其他治療方案。米索前列醇可起到軟化宮頸的作用,而低位水囊可通過(guò)擴(kuò)張宮頸以促宮頸成熟[2]。本次研究對(duì)孕晚期促宮頸成熟引產(chǎn)產(chǎn)婦采用低劑量米索前列醇置陰道后穹隆、低位水囊的效果進(jìn)行探討,具體如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇2017年3月-2019年3月筆者所在醫(yī)院90例孕晚期促宮頸成熟引產(chǎn)產(chǎn)婦。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)具有引產(chǎn)指征;(2)完整胎膜,頭先露;(3)胎心監(jiān)護(hù)正常;(4)宮頸Bishop評(píng)分<6分[3]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):頭盆不稱、胎膜早破及其他引產(chǎn)禁忌證。隨機(jī)分為兩組,各45例。對(duì)照組年齡20~38歲,平均(29.42±2.03)歲;孕周37~41周,平均(39.48±0.45)周。觀察組年齡20~38歲,平均(29.18±2.05)歲;孕周37~41周,平均(39.52±0.46)周。兩組一般資料比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 對(duì)照組 低位水囊引產(chǎn)。術(shù)前排空膀胱,協(xié)助患者取膀胱截石位。消毒后將一次性水囊置入宮頸內(nèi)口達(dá)到指定長(zhǎng)度,再經(jīng)導(dǎo)管注入生理鹽水150 ml。完成后進(jìn)行胎心監(jiān)護(hù)30 min,觀察產(chǎn)婦是否出現(xiàn)不適及異常情況,若無(wú)異??勺孕谢顒?dòng)。臨產(chǎn)時(shí)水囊可自行脫出,若24 h后仍未進(jìn)入臨產(chǎn)狀態(tài),應(yīng)將其取出。對(duì)于部分產(chǎn)婦可采用人工破膜方式,若1 h后仍無(wú)宮縮,可增加小劑量縮宮素進(jìn)行引產(chǎn)。對(duì)于無(wú)法行人工破膜產(chǎn)婦,應(yīng)直接給予小劑量縮宮素靜脈滴注。
1.2.2 觀察組 低劑量米索前列醇置陰道后穹隆引產(chǎn)。于上午9時(shí)入室待產(chǎn),術(shù)前囑產(chǎn)婦排空膀胱。輔助產(chǎn)婦取膀胱截石位,將25 mg米索前列醇片(湖北葛店人福藥業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20073696)放置于陰道后穹隆處。常規(guī)進(jìn)行胎心監(jiān)護(hù)。若有規(guī)律宮縮則停止用藥,若4~6 h后仍無(wú)宮縮需再次給藥,給藥次數(shù)<6次。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
(1)比較兩組促宮頸成熟效果:顯效為治療后規(guī)律宮縮持續(xù)加強(qiáng),24 h內(nèi)分娩;有效為治療后宮縮較弱,經(jīng)人工破膜或縮宮素靜脈滴注,48 h內(nèi)分娩;無(wú)效為治療后無(wú)宮縮,48 h后未分娩??傆行?(顯效+有效)/總例數(shù)×100%。(2)記錄兩組引產(chǎn)至臨產(chǎn)時(shí)間、總產(chǎn)程時(shí)間、產(chǎn)后出血量;評(píng)價(jià)新生兒1 min Apgar評(píng)分,包括皮膚顏色、心搏速度、呼吸、肌張力、反射5個(gè)項(xiàng)目,總分0~10分,<4分為重度窒息,4~7分為輕度窒息,8~10分為正常。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 20.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用字2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組促宮頸成熟效果比較
觀察組促宮頸成熟總有效率為97.78%,高于對(duì)照組的86.67%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩組分娩指標(biāo)及新生兒Apgar評(píng)分比較
觀察組引產(chǎn)至臨產(chǎn)時(shí)間、總產(chǎn)程時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組產(chǎn)后出血量、新生兒Apgar評(píng)分比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
3 討論
如今我國(guó)對(duì)孕期保健非常重視,其目的是保障孕產(chǎn)婦妊娠安全以順利分娩。隨著醫(yī)療技術(shù)的進(jìn)步及發(fā)展,臨床已可對(duì)妊娠、分娩相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行篩查,盡可能保證母嬰安全[4-5]。根據(jù)臨床調(diào)查可知,部分妊娠晚期孕婦易受到多種因素影響,如妊娠合并癥及并發(fā)癥,需限期終止妊娠[4]。傳統(tǒng)剖宮產(chǎn)方式具有創(chuàng)傷大、出血量多等劣勢(shì),具有一定的局限性。而引產(chǎn)技術(shù)相對(duì)于剖宮產(chǎn)而言,具有安全性高的特點(diǎn),能夠保障母嬰安全[6]。根據(jù)研究可知,宮頸成熟為引產(chǎn)成功的重要條件[7]。因此,如何有效促進(jìn)宮頸成熟成為研究的重要課題[8]。目前,針對(duì)孕晚期促宮頸成熟的方法較多,但催產(chǎn)素效果較差。米索前列醇屬于合成的前列腺E1類似物,可經(jīng)陰道給藥,能夠增強(qiáng)子宮平滑肌張力,促進(jìn)纖維組織軟化,加快宮頸成熟速度[9]。低位水囊屬于一種機(jī)械方法,主要通過(guò)機(jī)械性刺激以壓迫宮頸,促使宮頸擴(kuò)張并持續(xù)變短、變軟,且可增加垂體后葉素的釋放量而誘發(fā)子宮收縮[10-11]。兩種方法可通過(guò)不用作用機(jī)制以發(fā)揮促宮頸成熟作用,而前者的操作更簡(jiǎn)單,起效更快,效果更好[12]。本次研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組促宮頸成熟總有效率為97.78%,高于對(duì)照組的86.67%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組引產(chǎn)至臨產(chǎn)時(shí)間、總產(chǎn)程時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組與對(duì)照組產(chǎn)后出血量、新生兒Apgar評(píng)分比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。提示采用米索前列醇促宮頸成熟效果較好,能夠促使產(chǎn)婦盡快臨產(chǎn),縮短產(chǎn)程時(shí)間,且不會(huì)引發(fā)出血及相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)情況,可保證母嬰健康及安全。
綜上,將低劑量米索前列醇置陰道后穹隆及低位水囊應(yīng)用于孕晚期促宮頸成熟引產(chǎn)中均可獲得良好效果,但前者操作簡(jiǎn)單且起效快,更值得臨床廣泛應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期:2020-01-06) (本文編輯:李盈)