夏婧雯
案例背景:
英語(yǔ)閱讀能力的培養(yǎng)不是一蹴而就的,除了課內(nèi)閱讀的輸入,適當(dāng)?shù)恼n外閱讀補(bǔ)充也是必要的。由于小學(xué)生的具體形象記憶仍占主導(dǎo)地位,繪本閱讀的教學(xué)有助于激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,逐步培養(yǎng)其閱讀能力。但由于學(xué)校英語(yǔ)教學(xué)時(shí)長(zhǎng)短,任務(wù)重,僅靠課堂上的閱讀教學(xué)是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。在線繪本教學(xué)就成為了有效的補(bǔ)充,本文將通過(guò)Spotlight on English系列的The Outdoor market教學(xué)片段,分析如何進(jìn)行有效的繪本教學(xué)。
案例片段1:
在The Outdoor market的導(dǎo)入環(huán)節(jié)中,教生對(duì)話如下:
T: What can you see?(教師出示封面)
S1: I can see a man, a woman and a girl.
T:Anything else?
S2: I can see some men and women. They are behind a board.
T: Yes, you are right. What other things can you see?
S3: Some fish,螃蟹和章魚(yú)。
T: Yes, crabs and octopus. Whats this?(指價(jià)碼牌)
S4:How much are the fish?
T:Nice job. The price of the fish.
T:What else can you see?
S5: The Outdoor Market.
T: It is...
S6: The name of the book.
T: We also have...
S7: The writers.
T:And Spotlight on English is the series of the books. (系列叢書(shū))
It is published by Richmond.(由。。。出版)So, if you like the book, you can find more in Spotlight on English.
T: We know the book is the outdoor market. What is it? Can you guess? For example, you can buy? fish there.
S8:菜場(chǎng)。
T: Almost right.What does outdoor mean? Go out, door.
S9:外面的。
S10:戶外的。
T: So the outdoor market?
S11:戶外的菜場(chǎng)。
T:We can say 戶外的集市。你們趕過(guò)集嗎?或者去過(guò)菜場(chǎng)嗎?
學(xué)生興奮地分享自己的趕集或菜場(chǎng)經(jīng)歷。
教師展示前三幅圖片,
T:Look at the girl and the woman.
Maybe the woman is the girls...
S2: Mother.
T: Yes, where are they?
S4:At home.
T:你在去市場(chǎng)前,會(huì)在家干什么呢?
S7: I dont know.
S1: 想想買(mǎi)什么。
T: Yes. What will they do with a note book?
S: They write the things they want.
T:Yes, we call it a shopping list.
學(xué)生通過(guò)觀察圖片,運(yùn)用所學(xué)句型I can...,獲得了繪本的標(biāo)題信息,在觀看繪本前三幅圖后,學(xué)生又結(jié)合自身經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)猜詞,在分享經(jīng)歷的過(guò)程中,對(duì)下一步故事情節(jié)產(chǎn)生了好奇,激發(fā)其自主提問(wèn)熱情。
案例片段2:教授過(guò)程中,教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自主提問(wèn):
T:We know mum and I are writing a shopping list at home. And what will happen next? What? do you want to know? Can you ask?
S17: Where are they in the market?
S14: What will they buy in the market?
S15:When will they go to the outdoor market?
S16: How are they? Are they happy?
T:These are nice questions. Now lets read the story quickly and find the answer.
T: Can you answer now? Where are mum and I?
S17: I cant remember.
S19: First, they are at home.Then, they are in the the market. Finally, they are at home again. They go to many places in the market. I buy some fruit.
T:When?
S22: Today.
T: How are they? Are they happy?
S23:Yes.
T:Well done. Who can tell me the whole story?
S12: Mum and I go shopping in the market today. We are happy.
T: You know the main idea quite well. So you dont know where are they in the market. What
will they buy in it?Please read page 6 to page 12. And order these pictures. Maybe you will find the answer.(亂序出示水果攤,海鮮攤,面包店,肉店以及咖啡店的圖片)
學(xué)生正確進(jìn)行了排序。(學(xué)生根據(jù)圖片猜測(cè)出店名)
教師通過(guò)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自主提問(wèn),自主探究,在提問(wèn)題找答案的過(guò)程中,也理清了故事的整體脈絡(luò),讓學(xué)生對(duì)故事閱讀的五大元素,who,when,where,what,how有了基本的認(rèn)識(shí),學(xué)生既提高了思維品質(zhì),又因急于尋求問(wèn)題的答案,激起了閱讀興趣。
案例片段3:
T:Now, lets play an acting game. First, we are at home. I am Mum and you are daughter. Who can talk with me and I will write the shopping list?(提供語(yǔ)言支持)
S1: I can.
T: OK, lets start. Dear, what would you like?
S1: Id like some sandwiches.
T:Anything else?
S1: Id like some fruit.
T: Are there any pears in the fridge?
S1:Yes, there are.
T:Are there any apples in the fridge?
S1:No, there arent.
T:Do you want some?
S1: Of course.
T: So, I write sandwiches and apples on the shopping list. Lets go shopping.
Do you understand? You can do the pair work, think about it first.
2組同學(xué)分享了一下對(duì)話。
T:There are some places in the market. Lets find out what do they really buy?(在閱讀和表演中,找出母女兩購(gòu)買(mǎi)的東西)
Now,you can choose one to act it out. Maybe they go to other produces too. Lets do it one by one.(給學(xué)生提供語(yǔ)言支持和圖片)
每一個(gè)地點(diǎn),可添加新地點(diǎn),隨機(jī)邀請(qǐng)三名同學(xué)進(jìn)行表演,表演2-3組,學(xué)生可以自編對(duì)話,進(jìn)行即興表演。
Finally, we go back home and I help mum put the food away. Do you know put the food away?
S:放好。
T:Yes, you should do it too. So, you will be happy after that.
在學(xué)生自主理清故事主線后,細(xì)節(jié)的購(gòu)物部分,會(huì)讓學(xué)生失去興趣。教師采用表演的形式,讓學(xué)生身臨其境,激活購(gòu)物語(yǔ)言知識(shí);添加新地點(diǎn),發(fā)揮學(xué)生的想象力;隨機(jī)請(qǐng)學(xué)生表演,增加了挑戰(zhàn)性,喚醒了學(xué)習(xí)文本的內(nèi)驅(qū)力。
反思
線上繪本教學(xué),存在多種干擾因素,教師通過(guò)有意識(shí)地設(shè)置教學(xué)活動(dòng),調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的積極性,提高學(xué)生的課堂參與度,有效地提高了線上教學(xué)效率。
(1)細(xì)看圖片,激活背景知識(shí)
英語(yǔ)繪本是以英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言表述的圖畫(huà)故事書(shū)(江萍,2019),圖片在教學(xué)中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。
教師首先通過(guò)展示封面圖片,提問(wèn)What can you see?,激活學(xué)生的探知欲望,在仔細(xì)看圖的過(guò)程中,學(xué)生結(jié)合生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備,猜測(cè)出故事的人物和地點(diǎn),引出標(biāo)題the outdoor market。
接著,教師通過(guò)鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生分享其親身經(jīng)歷,為后續(xù)的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)做好心理準(zhǔn)備。教師展現(xiàn)繪本的前三幅圖,通過(guò)提問(wèn),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生總結(jié)出人物關(guān)系以及事件地點(diǎn),在細(xì)讀圖片后,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生猜測(cè)重點(diǎn)詞匯a shopping list,掃除閱讀障礙,同時(shí)學(xué)生在攻克難題后,自信心增長(zhǎng),大大提高課堂參與熱情。
(2)巧設(shè)任務(wù),梳理故事情節(jié)
閱讀繪本故事,對(duì)未知情節(jié)的好奇心,會(huì)驅(qū)使學(xué)生讀完文本。在學(xué)生了解了故事開(kāi)頭,母女兩寫(xiě)購(gòu)物單后,急于知道后續(xù)故事情節(jié)。這時(shí),自問(wèn)自答的任務(wù)設(shè)置,讓學(xué)生提出心中的疑問(wèn),即關(guān)于故事閱讀的主要元素,時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),事件(人物已知)。在泛讀中,尋求答案。初讀文本,學(xué)生只找到部分問(wèn)題的答案,于是為了降低閱讀難度,教師又設(shè)置了排序的任務(wù),幫助學(xué)生梳理了故事發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)順序,以及故事的大意。在潛移默化中,學(xué)生不僅對(duì)當(dāng)前繪本有了明確的認(rèn)知,對(duì)故事類繪本的閱讀策略也有了深入的理解。故事閱讀不僅有五要素,還是以清晰的邏輯順序不斷推進(jìn)的。
(3)角色扮演,提升生活技能
學(xué)生閱讀繪本,不僅為了提高閱讀能力,更是為了將繪本服務(wù)于生活,為生活中的問(wèn)題提供解決方案(周亞文,張海燕,2019)。在the outdoor market的教學(xué)中,學(xué)生不僅要了解故事大意,更要熟悉購(gòu)物過(guò)程,提升生活技能,升華情感價(jià)值。明白購(gòu)物需要理清購(gòu)物單,與賣家溝通購(gòu)買(mǎi)所需,回家后要整理物品,幫父母分擔(dān)。學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)用的知識(shí),能讓學(xué)生感受到閱讀的魅力。教師通過(guò)示范,與學(xué)生共同角色扮演,內(nèi)化書(shū)寫(xiě)清單語(yǔ)言,購(gòu)物語(yǔ)言,并幫助學(xué)生理解做家務(wù)的快樂(lè),既豐富了學(xué)生的語(yǔ)用認(rèn)知,也在豐富的情境教學(xué)中,提升了學(xué)生的想象力和創(chuàng)造力。
結(jié)束語(yǔ):在線繪本的有效教學(xué)旨在發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主體作用。學(xué)生積極參與課堂,細(xì)看圖片,激活背景知識(shí)。教師也要認(rèn)真?zhèn)湔n,巧設(shè)任務(wù),幫助學(xué)生梳理故事情節(jié)。在課堂上,教師要營(yíng)造寬松氛圍,師生角色扮演,高效提升生活技能。閱讀能力的提高,不僅是在閱讀策略上,更是在生活技能與情感價(jià)值上的提高。一節(jié)高效的課堂,離不開(kāi)學(xué)生的自主參與,更離不開(kāi)教師的精心設(shè)計(jì)。
(作者單位:南京師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)仙林學(xué)校小學(xué)部)