看中考解析現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（一）

劉素庚

讓我們看一下2019年江蘇常州的一道中考題（用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）：Mum， I （ finish）practicing the piano. May I go to play football now？ 原句意為：“媽媽，我（完成）練習(xí)鋼琴了。我可以去踢足球嗎？”從題意可知句子中的動(dòng)詞finish的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，所以句子中應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的意義

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)指的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻并已結(jié)束，但該動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系;或者過去已經(jīng)開始的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。例：

He has finished his homework.他已把作業(yè)做完了。

He has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來， 他一直住在這兒。（動(dòng)作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。）

中考試題1：? （2019·廣西·百色）Neither my sister nor I been to Xi’an before.

A. have never B. have ever C. has never D. has ever

剖析：neither...nor... “既不……也不…”，表示雙重否定;它連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與后面的主語保持一致，原句意思為“我和我妹妹以前都沒去過西安”，因此應(yīng)選B。

中考試題2：? （2019·湖北·武漢）I ate some fruit， which I since I was a child， and the vegetables from my garden.

A. have enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoy D. had enjoyed

剖析：原句意思是“自從我是個(gè)孩子，我就已經(jīng)吃水果了”，所以應(yīng)考慮用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以選A。

中考試題3：? （2019·安徽）—It’s ten years since we came here.

—How time flies！ We in China for so long.

A. work B. worked C. will work D. have worked

剖析：原句意思是“——自從我們來到這里，已經(jīng)十年了。——時(shí)光飛逝！我們在中國已經(jīng)工作了這么長時(shí)間了”，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，應(yīng)選D。

二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的狀語標(biāo)志

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與already，yet，before，recently，up to now，so far，never，ever，once等頻度時(shí)間狀語連用。例：

Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？

I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊(duì)已經(jīng)待了5年多了。

I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。

▲already，just，yet區(qū)別：

1. yet可用于疑問句和否定句，否定句譯為“還”，疑問句譯為“已經(jīng)（放在have和has的后面，也可放在句末）”。例：

It’s 11 p.m. and Lin Tao hasn’t finished his homework yet！

現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)晚上11點(diǎn)了，林濤還沒完成作業(yè)。

Your teacher wanted you to call her back. Have you called your teacher yet？

你的老師想讓你回電話，你已經(jīng)回了嗎？

2. already用于肯定句時(shí)，表示“已經(jīng)”，置于句中或句尾。例：

I have already returned the book.或者 I have returned the book already. 我已經(jīng)把書歸還了。

already用于疑問句表示“很驚訝”的狀態(tài)。例：

Have you had your lunch already？ 你吃了午飯了？

3. Just表示“剛剛”，位于動(dòng)詞have和過去分詞之間。例：

Bob has just arrived at the party. 鮑勃?jiǎng)偟骄蹠?huì)處。

【再難題我會(huì)做】

1.I the History Museum twice. I’ve learned a lot there.

A. visit? ? B. am visiting? ? C. have visited D. will visit

2. William Shakespeare for 400 years， but his works still have great influence today.

A. died? B. was dying? C. has died? D. has been dead

3. —Lucy has to London. How can I get in touch with her？

—Don’t worry. She will phone you as soon as she there.

A. been， will get? ? ? B. been， gets? ? ? ? ? C. gone， will get? ? D. gone， gets

4. I my hometown for a long time. I really miss it.

A. went away from

B. have been away from

C. have left

5. The water dark and dirty. It’s no longer safe to drink.

A. became? ? ? ? ? ? B. has become? ? ? ? ? C. will become? ? ? ? D. was becoming

6. Our team another point！ I’m sure we’ll win the game.

A. will get? B. has got? ? C. is getting? D. was getting

7. —Look at these stamps. I them for five years.

—Wow， they are fantastic.

A. have kept? ? ? ? B. have bought? ? ? ? C. borrowed? ? ? ? ? D. kept

8. —Yunnan is very beautiful. I there last year.

—Yes， I there twice.

A. went， have gone? ? B. went， have been? ? C. have gone， went? D. have been， went

9. The movie for about 5 minutes， so let’s see the next one.

A. has been on B. has started? ? ? ? ? C. started? ? ? ? ? D. began

10. It seems that El Nino some disasters in the world in the past few months.

A. has caused? ? ? B. is causing? ? ? ? ? ? C. will cause? ? ? D. caused

11. —May I speak to Mr. Lee？

—Sorry， he Harbin， he the city for two days.

A. has been to; has been in

B. has gone to; has been to

C. has gone to; has been in

12. This medicine millions of people’s lives since it was put into use.

A. is saving? ? ? ? ? B. will save

C. has saved? ? ? D. had saved

13. It’s nice to see you again. We each other since 2014.

A. won’t see? B. don’t see

C. haven’t seen D. didn’t see

14. My sister English since she was 9 years old. She can talk to foreigners freely.

A. learns? ? ? ? ? ? B. learnt

C. has learnt? ? ? ? D. have learnt

15. —I think our teacher， Mrs. Allen， knows everything.

—I agree. Because she over 2，000 books.

A. read? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. has read

C. reads? ? ? ? ? D. is reading

Keys： 1-5 CDDBB 6-10 BABAA 11-15 CCCCB