齊春蕾 田丙生
[摘要] 目的 探討血栓通脈湯聯(lián)合針刺治療腦卒中的臨床效果。 方法 選擇2017年1月—2019年1月山東省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院收治的腦卒中患者120例,依照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為常規(guī)組、針刺組及聯(lián)合組,各40例。常規(guī)組采用西藥常規(guī)療法,針刺組在常規(guī)組的基礎(chǔ)上給予針刺治療,聯(lián)合組在針刺組的基礎(chǔ)上給予血栓通脈湯治療,三組均連續(xù)治療3個(gè)月。治療后進(jìn)行臨床療效評(píng)價(jià)。比較三組治療前后的中醫(yī)癥狀評(píng)分、美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)評(píng)分及血清一氧化氮(NO)、內(nèi)皮素(ET-1)水平。記錄并比較三組治療過程中不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。 結(jié)果 聯(lián)合組的臨床總有效率高于常規(guī)組和針刺組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。三組治療后中醫(yī)癥狀各項(xiàng)評(píng)分(肢體麻木、自汗、氣短乏力、舌質(zhì)暗)均低于治療前(P < 0.05);針刺組和聯(lián)合組治療后中醫(yī)癥狀各項(xiàng)評(píng)分均低于常規(guī)組(P < 0.05);聯(lián)合組治療后中醫(yī)癥狀各項(xiàng)評(píng)分低于針刺組(P < 0.05)。三組治療后NIHSS評(píng)分均低于治療前,GCS評(píng)分均高于治療前(P < 0.05);針刺組和聯(lián)合組治療后NIHSS評(píng)分均低于常規(guī)組,GCS評(píng)分均高于常規(guī)組(P < 0.05);聯(lián)合組治療后NIHSS評(píng)分低于針刺組,GCS評(píng)分高于針刺組(P < 0.05)。三組治療后血清NO水平均高于治療前,血清ET-1水平均低于治療前(P < 0.05);針刺組和聯(lián)合組治療后血清NO水平均高于常規(guī)組,血清ET-1水平均低于常規(guī)組(P < 0.05);聯(lián)合組治療后血清NO水平高于針刺組,血清ET-1水平低于針刺組(P < 0.05)。三組治療期間均無嚴(yán)重的不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生。 結(jié)論 血栓通脈湯聯(lián)合針刺治療腦卒中臨床效果顯著,能夠明顯改善患者的神經(jīng)功能和血管內(nèi)皮功能損傷,且安全性較好。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 腦卒中;血栓通脈湯;針刺;療效;安全性
[中圖分類號(hào)] R255.2? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2020)07(c)-0157-05
Clinical research of Xueshuan Tongmai Decoction combined with acupuncture in the treatment of cerebral apoplexy
QI Chunlei? ?TIAN Bingsheng▲
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Province, Ji′nan? ?250031, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore clinical efficacy of Xueshuan Tongmai Decoction combined with acupuncture in the treatment of cerebral apoplexy. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with cerebral apoplexy admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2017 to January 2019 were selected. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into routine group, acupuncture group and combined group, with 40 cases in each group. Routine group was treated with routine Western medicine. Acupuncture group was treated with acupuncture on the basis of routine group. Combined group was treated with Xueshuan Tongmai Decoction on the basis of acupuncture group. All three groups were treated for 3 months. Clinical efficacy was evaluated after treatment. The score of Chinese medicine symptoms, National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), Glasgow coma scale (GCS), serum nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET-1) levels were compared before and after treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions during the treatment was recorded and compared among three groups. Results Total clinical effective rate of combined group was higher than that of routine group and acupuncture group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of Chinese medicine symptoms (numbness of limb, spontaneous sweating, panting and weakness, dark tongue quality) in three groups were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05); after treatment, the scores of Chinese medicine symptoms in acupuncture group and combination group were lower than those in routine group (P < 0.05); after treatment, the scores of Chinese medicine symptoms in combination group were lower than those in acupuncture group (P < 0.05). NIHSS scores of three groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, GCS scores of three groups after treatment were higher than those before treatment (P < 0.05); NIHSS scores of acupuncture group and combination group after treatment were lower than those of routine group, GCS scores of acupuncture group and combination group after treatment were higher than those of routine group (P < 0.05); NIHSS score of combined group after treatment was lower than that of acupuncture group, GCS score of combined group after treatment was higher than that of acupuncture group (P < 0.05). After treatment, serum NO levels in three groups were higher than those before treatment, and serum ET-1 levels in three groups were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05); serum NO levels in acupuncture group and combination group after treatment were higher than those in routine group, and serum ET-1 levels in acupuncture group and combination group after treatment were lower than those in routine group (P < 0.05); after treatment, serum NO level in combined group was higher than that in acupuncture group, and serum ET-1 level in combined group was lower than that in acupuncture group (P < 0.05). There were no serious adverse reactions during the treatment of three groups. Conclusion Xueshuan Tongmai Decoction combined with acupuncture has a significant clinical effect in treating cerebral apoplexy, which can significantly improve neurological function and vascular endothelial function damage of patients, and it has good safety.
[Key words] Cerebral apoplexy; Xueshuan Tongmai Decoction; Acupuncture; Efficacy; Safety
腦卒中是由于腦動(dòng)脈血管粥樣硬化的斑塊破裂和脫落后在局部形成血栓以致腦血管被阻塞,造成該區(qū)域腦組織發(fā)生缺血缺氧性損傷,具有發(fā)病率高、致殘致死率高的特點(diǎn),對(duì)人們的身體健康造成極大的威脅[1]。目前,西醫(yī)治療腦卒中主要采用調(diào)控血糖、血脂、血壓,清除自由基,抗血小板聚集等措施,然而對(duì)于部分患者的療效并不理想[2]。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為,腦卒中是由于氣血陰陽失調(diào)導(dǎo)致瘀阻腦絡(luò),故治療應(yīng)以益氣養(yǎng)血、活血化瘀為宜[3]。針刺在治療腦卒中后遺癥方面的效果得到臨床醫(yī)師的認(rèn)可,選穴水溝、百會(huì)、合谷等,具有通竅醒神、通經(jīng)活絡(luò)的作用[4]。血栓通脈湯是一種由黃芪、赤芍、黨參、當(dāng)歸、桃仁、川芎、地龍、茯苓、紅花、白術(shù)、全蟲、甘草煎制而成的湯劑,具有通絡(luò)祛瘀、調(diào)暢氣血的作用[5]。本研究探討血栓通脈湯聯(lián)合針刺治療腦卒中的效果及對(duì)內(nèi)皮功能的影響,結(jié)果如下:
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇2017年1月—2019年1月山東省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“我院”)收治的120例腦卒中患者。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①西醫(yī)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考《內(nèi)科學(xué)》[6];②中醫(yī)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考《中醫(yī)內(nèi)科常見病診療指南》[7],辨證分型為氣虛血瘀證;③患者生命體征穩(wěn)定,能夠進(jìn)行合作;④知情同意。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①不能耐受針刺治療;②合并嚴(yán)重心血管、肝臟及血液系統(tǒng)疾病;③精神異常、老年性癡呆;④妊娠或哺乳期婦女;⑤對(duì)本研究所用藥物過敏。所有患者采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為常規(guī)組、針刺組及聯(lián)合組,各40例。三組一般資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。見表1。本研究經(jīng)我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 治療方法
常規(guī)組給予常規(guī)治療:阿司匹林(拜耳醫(yī)藥保健有限公司,規(guī)格:100 mg/片,生產(chǎn)批號(hào):20161105)口服,200 mg/d,1次/d;維生素E(青島雙鯨藥業(yè)股份有限公司,規(guī)格:0.1 g/顆,生產(chǎn)批號(hào):20161018)口服,0.1 g/d,1次/d;合并有糖尿病、高血壓病、高脂血癥的患者給予相應(yīng)的控制血糖、血壓、血脂的對(duì)癥治療。針刺組在常規(guī)組的基礎(chǔ)上給予針刺治療,針刺選穴水溝、百會(huì)、合谷、風(fēng)池、廉泉、曲鬢、太沖、通里穴,深度為15~20 mm,捻轉(zhuǎn)穴位得氣后留針15 min,1次/d。聯(lián)合組在針刺組的基礎(chǔ)上給予血栓通脈湯治療,血栓通脈湯方中含有黃芪30 g、赤芍15 g、黨參15 g、當(dāng)歸15 g、桃仁10 g、川芎10 g、地龍10 g、茯苓10 g、紅花10 g、白術(shù)10 g、全蟲6 g、甘草6 g,加水煎至200 mL,200 mL/劑,分早晚2次溫服,1劑/d。三組均連續(xù)治療3個(gè)月。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及療效判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
①采用美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)來計(jì)算療效指數(shù)。療效指數(shù)=(治療后NIHSS-治療前NIHSS)/治療前NIHSS×100%。臨床療效主要分為4個(gè)等級(jí),具體為:痊愈,療效指數(shù)≥75%;顯效,療效指數(shù)為50%~<75%;有效,療效指數(shù)為25%~<50%;無效,療效指數(shù)<25%[8]??傆行?痊愈+顯效+有效。②比較三組治療前后的中醫(yī)癥狀評(píng)分。中醫(yī)癥狀包括肢體麻木、自汗、氣短乏力及舌質(zhì)暗,按照各癥狀的無、輕、中、重分別評(píng)為0、2、4、6分,總分為24分,評(píng)分越高表示癥狀越嚴(yán)重[9]。③比較三組治療前后NIHSS和格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)評(píng)分。NIHSS量表包括13個(gè)方面,總分為45分,評(píng)分越高表示神經(jīng)功能損傷越嚴(yán)重[10]。GCS量表包括語言反應(yīng)、睜眼反應(yīng)、運(yùn)動(dòng)反應(yīng),每項(xiàng)評(píng)分為0~5分,總分為15分,評(píng)分越高表示意識(shí)越正常[11]。④采集所有患者的空腹靜脈血5 mL,以離心半徑13.5 cm、2000 r/min、離心15 min來獲得血清,放置于2~8℃冰箱中保存?zhèn)溆谩2捎觅徸陨虾饘?shí)業(yè)有限公司的雙抗體夾心酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定(ELISA)試劑盒(生產(chǎn)批號(hào):20161108),檢測(cè)兩組血清一氧化氮(NO)和內(nèi)皮素(ET-1)水平。⑤觀察治療期間所有納入患者的不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件SPSS 19.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,進(jìn)一步兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 三組患者臨床療效比較
聯(lián)合組的臨床總有效率高于常規(guī)組和針刺組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表2。
2.2 三組患者治療前后中醫(yī)癥狀評(píng)分比較
三組治療后中醫(yī)癥狀各項(xiàng)評(píng)分均低于治療前(P < 0.05);針刺組和聯(lián)合組治療后中醫(yī)癥狀各項(xiàng)評(píng)分均低于常規(guī)組(P < 0.05);聯(lián)合組治療后中醫(yī)癥狀各項(xiàng)評(píng)分低于針刺組(P < 0.05)。見表3。
2.3 三組患者治療前后神經(jīng)功能評(píng)分比較
三組治療后NIHSS評(píng)分均低于治療前,GCS評(píng)分均高于治療前(P < 0.05);針刺組和聯(lián)合組治療后NIHSS評(píng)分均低于常規(guī)組,GCS評(píng)分均高于常規(guī)組(P < 0.05);聯(lián)合組治療后NIHSS評(píng)分低于針刺組,GCS評(píng)分高于針刺組(P < 0.05)。見表4。
2.4 三組患者治療前后血管功能指標(biāo)比較
三組治療后血清NO水平均高于治療前,血清ET-1水平均低于治療前(P < 0.05);針刺組和聯(lián)合組治療后血清NO水平均高于常規(guī)組,血清ET-1水平均低于常規(guī)組(P < 0.05);聯(lián)合組治療后血清NO水平高于針刺組,血清ET-1水平低于針刺組(P < 0.05)。見表5。