閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

On August 29th, as Hurricane Dorian tracked towards America’s east coast, Elon Musk, the boss of Tesla, an electric-car maker, announced that some of his customers in the storm’s path would find that their cars had suddenly developed the ability to drive farther on a single battery charge.Like many modem vehicles, Mr.Musk’s products are best thought of as Internet-connected computers on wheels.The cheaper models in Tesla’s line-up have parts of their batteries disabled by the car’s software in order to limit their range.At the tap of a keyboard in Palo Alto, the firm was able to remove those restrictions andgive drivers temporary access tothe full power of their batteries.

文章大意本文以特斯拉公司通過(guò)電腦對(duì)汽車(chē)電池進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程控制為例，討論了電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)科技對(duì)我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪袝?huì)用到的各種物品的滲透及其影響。

語(yǔ) 塊give sb.access to表示“給……做……的權(quán)限”，access表示“入口，通道；接近……的機(jī)會(huì)；使用…….的權(quán)力”。

Mr.Musk’s computerized cars are just one example of a much broader trend.As computers and connectivity become cheaper, it makes sense to bake them into more and more things that are not, in themselves, computers, creating an “Internet of things”.

Such a world will bring many benefits.Consumers will get convenience, and products that can do things non-computerized versions cannot.Businesses will get efficiency, as information about the physical world that used to be uncertain becomes concrete and analyzable.

長(zhǎng)難句分析這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句為businesses will get efficiency，后面as引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，該從句中又包含了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句that used to be uncertain，修飾information。句意：公司運(yùn)營(yíng)效率會(huì)提高，因?yàn)楹芏嚓P(guān)于現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的信息原本是不確定的，現(xiàn)在都變得明確具體、可以分析了。

In the long term, though, the most obvious effects will be in how the world works.Even more companies will become tech companies; the Internet will become everywhere.As a result, a series of unresolved arguments willspill over from the virtual world into the real one.

語(yǔ) 塊the virtual world意為“虛擬世界”，相應(yīng)地，“現(xiàn)實(shí)世界”就是the real world或the physical world。spill over from the virtual world into the real one意為“從虛擬世界蔓延到現(xiàn)實(shí)世界”。

Start with ownership.As Mr Musk showed, the Internet gives frims the ability to stay connected to their products even after they have been sold, transforming them into something closer to services than goods.That has already made the traditional ideas of ownership unclear.When Microsoft closed its e-book store in July, for instance, its customers lost the ability to read titles they had bought (the frim offered refunds).That shifts the balance of power from the customer to the seller.

Virtual business models willjarin the physical world.Tech firms are generally happy to move fast and break things.But you cannot release the beta version(測(cè)試版) of a fridge.Apple, a smartphone maker, provides updates for its phones for only five years or so after their release; users of Android smartphones are lucky to get two.But goods such as washing machines or industrial machinery can have lifespans of a decade or more.Firms will need towork outhow to support complicated computerised devices long after their original programmers have moved on.

語(yǔ) 塊work out在這里表示“弄清楚，弄明白”，它還可以表示“計(jì)算出；鍛煉”等意。

Data will be another flashpoint.For much of the Internet the business model is to offer “free” services that are paid for with valuable user data, collected with consent(同意) that is half-informed at best.In the virtual world, arguments about what should be tracked, and who owns the resulting data, can seem airy and theoretical.In the real one, they will feel more urgent.

Predicting the consequences of any technology is hard—especially one as universal as computing.The emergence of the consumer Internet, 25 years ago, was met with starryeyed optimism.These days the Internet’s faults dominate the headlines.But the people have the advantage of havinglived throughthe first Internet revolution — which should give them some idea of what to expect.（2020屆上海徐匯區(qū)模擬卷）

語(yǔ) 塊live through意為“經(jīng)歷過(guò)，經(jīng)受住”；through經(jīng)常和一些動(dòng)詞搭配表示“渡過(guò)困難時(shí)期”之意，如go through、come through、break through等。

1.From the passage we can tell that Tesla can ____________________.

A.drive faster than usual in extreme weather B.adjust the range of its battery power

C.charge the battery at the tap of a keyboard D.operate when the battery is fully drained

2.Which of the following is NOT an example of the “unresolved arguments” mentioned in the passage?

A.Early adopters of certain apps find that they ceased to work after the firm lost interest.

B.The insurance company uses data from fitness trackers to adjust customers’ premiums(保費(fèi)).

C.Computerized machinery can’t predict its breakdowns or schedule preventive maintenance.

D.A high-tech fridge company restricts its customers from repairing their fridges themselves.

3.The underlined word “jar” probably means ____________________ in this context.

A.boom B.conflict C.vanish D.expand

4.This passage is mainly about ____________________.

A.how the world will change as computers spread into everyday objects

B.the adoption of electric vehicles and the possible problems to expect

C.what should be done to prevent the breakdown of computerized devices

D.different views on the current application of Internet Technology

文章大意這是一篇演講稿，它以作者的自身經(jīng)歷告訴人們要克服恐懼和疑慮，人的偉大不在于智商高低，而在于你雄心壯志的誠(chéng)懇、性格的堅(jiān)韌以及面對(duì)困難、恐懼和不確定時(shí)不妥協(xié)的精神。

Four years ago your friends congratulated you and your father talked big continuously.Four years ago you walked among the gothic towers and weathered traditions that sew our community together.But what’s next, will I make friends, or I willmeasure up? And maybe you quietly wondered why a place like Yale, a place that sparked the drive of presidents, a place that raised the world-famous scholars, a place that trained Pulitzer Prize winners, would ever want you? I hope you had these questions because otherwise I might have embarrassed myself.I admit I asked all of these and more.

語(yǔ) 塊measure up“合格，達(dá) 標(biāo)”，如：She could never measure up to her mother’s expectation.她永遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到她母親的期望。

Itook an unconventional pathto Yale.Five years ago I was working the evening shift at a clothing store in the suburbs of Virginia.My family had moved every year for the past five years and our finances were so consumed that retirement was not a possibility.Worse yet, my son was a junior at an Ivy League college in New Jersey and hearing about his privileged friends often reminded me of all the things I wanted to give him but couldn’t.

語(yǔ) 塊take an unconventional path to...表示“用一種不同尋常的方式做到某事”，也可以拓展一下：take an easy/a difficult path to“選擇了一種簡(jiǎn)單的/難的方法去做某事”。

When I told him this he replied, “If you really want to spoil me, spoil yourself.”Then he took my hands and told me I had a brilliant mind and deserved better than everything I had ever known.

That summer I started community college while working fulltime.Education was my second chance.It awoke my curiosity, vitality(活力) and dignity that I never knew I could feel.When I read Eliot, Miller and Morrison, it was as if I were the first person to have ever read them, as if they were secret insights into the human soul and situations and I knew I couldn’t stop.

Walking among these gothic towers, among these traditions, and among this brilliant, vibrant and unapologetically eclectic Class of 2014 has been inspiring.Whether debating issues in class, or chatting over coffee, I have enjoyed, learned and loved every moment I have shared with you.You have made me a better person and I only hoped I have helped in some way to do the same for you.

語(yǔ) 塊resign oneself to表示“聽(tīng)任，順從，接受”。如：I’ve resigned myself to the fact that I will be hated by my peers.我接受了同伴們都討厭我的事實(shí)。

And yet even now this is dreamlike.Four years ago I was convinced no one would want me, I wouldn’t measure up and as far as knowing what was next, I supposed I hadresigned myselfto more of the same.But I’ve come to learn that nothing great can really be accomplished withouta healthy dose ofterror.No one ever wrote epic(史詩(shī)般的) poems, built monuments or told bedtime stories about people who played it safe.

語(yǔ) 塊a dose of“一劑，一副，一定量的”，如a dose of flattery“一番吹 捧”；give someone a dose of his own medicine“以其人之道還治其人之身”。

I was terrified when I came to Yale.A big part of me thought I wasn’t good enough.But a big part of life is ignoring the naysayers(反對(duì)者) especially the one inside you.Most people are stopped from doing great things by no one but themselves.I learned to tell myself to shut up.Sometimes in the mirror in the morning and other times in the dark before I went to bed.I came to realize once I could overcome my own fear I could overcome just about anything.If you haven’t felt this yet I recommended it: it’s the greatest joy you’ll ever know.

You’ve likely all met your own fear and misgivings(擔(dān)憂、害怕).I charge you to tell that voice to shut up when necessary because in the end your greatness will not be about IQ but about the sincerity of your ambitions, the toughness of your character and your unwillingness to compromisein the face ofdifficulty, fear and uncertainty.

語(yǔ) 塊in the face of“面對(duì)”。

And should someone tell you that it can’t be done, or you’re not good enough or it’s not worth the trouble? Should others ask you to take the safe route, orstick tothe path of least resistance? Should people say it’s too late or your dreams are impractical? Look them in the eye, laugh a little and let them know “Nothing is impossible”.（2020屆江蘇省如東中學(xué)模擬卷）

語(yǔ) 塊stick to“堅(jiān)持；粘著”，后面可以接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。stick的其他詞組還有：be stuck with“被……糾纏住，無(wú)法擺脫”，be stuck on sb.“迷上某人”。

1.By saying “spoil yourself” in Paragraph 3, the author’s son meant that ________________.

A.he didn’t want the author to care too much about him

B.the author loved her son and spoiled him

C.the author didn’t deserve any help

D.the author had an excellent idea

2.What did the author realize after entering the college?

A.She was familiar with Eliot and Miller.

B.Social practice was better than knowledge .

C.She had few moments to share with others.

D.Certain terror helped with achievements.

3.What does the phrase “the greatest joy” in Paragraph 7 refer to?

A.The joy of realizing your own aims.

B.The joy of knowing your own IQ.

C.The joy of overcoming your own fear.

D.The joy of finding your own advantages.

4.After reading the passage, you are most probably _____________.

A.worried B.encouraged C.relaxed D.astonished

Electric vehicle sales will likely jump over the next two to three years as prices fall and more choices are made available, according to BlackRock’s global head of department investing.

文章大意這是一篇新聞報(bào)道，說(shuō)隨著電動(dòng)汽車(chē)價(jià)格的下降和可供選擇車(chē)型的增多，電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的銷(xiāo)售將創(chuàng)新高。

Customers will have more opportunities to move away from traditional combustion engines(內(nèi)燃機(jī)) to electric vehicles and their choices will notbe restricted toonly certain auto suppliers, Evy Hambro told CNBC’s “Squawk Box ” on Thursday.

語(yǔ) 塊be restricted to“被限制在……”，注意to是介詞，后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。

“I think we’re at this tipping point of change,” Hambro said.“Over the next two years, we’re going to see price point of entry(入口) drop .We’re expecting tosee a big lift inelectric vehicle sales over the next two to three years.”

語(yǔ) 塊see a big lift in“看到……大幅增加”。

Different countries are at various stages of adopting electric vehicles, depending on regulatory environments and consumer preferences, according to Hambro.For its part, China isleading the wayin many new business models around automation and electric vehicles, including in battery technology, he said.

語(yǔ) 塊lead the way“領(lǐng)先”。

In a bid tocurb(遏制) air pollution, Beijing has aggressively pushed for new energy vehicles — that run partially or fully on electricity — through preferential policies, providing subsidies and by exercising its manufacturing(制造) power.It is also exploring autonomous driving technology.

On Wednesday,American chipmaker Nvidia signed separate deals with Chinese electric vehicle start-upsXPeng Motors, Singulato Motors and SF Motors to develop the self-driving technology, despite the ongoing trade tensions between the U.S.and China.

語(yǔ) 塊in a bid to“為了”，相當(dāng)于in order to。bid有“努力爭(zhēng)取”的意思，如make a bid for可以表示“努力去做某事”之意。如：He made a strong bid for the championship.他為了這個(gè)冠軍做出了很大的努力。

“We’reseeingChina increasingly open up to international business,” Hambro said.“We’re now seeing high levels of ownership, majority ownership in some industries.We’re seeing licenses being given out to specific groups ...I think really we’re seeing some change there, maybe some

熟詞生義這里連用了幾個(gè)see，意思是見(jiàn)證后面的這件事已經(jīng)發(fā)生、正在發(fā)生或者將會(huì)發(fā)生，前面的主語(yǔ)可以是人、時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)。如：The year has seen a rapid growth in electric car sales.這一年見(jiàn)證了電動(dòng)汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)售量的快速增長(zhǎng)。of these trade tensions are starting to soften.”BMW also said Wednesday that it has obtained a licenseto provide ride-hailing services in the Chinese city of Chengdu, making the German automaker the first foreign company to do so in China.It will face heavy competition from local players including Didi Chuxing and Meituan Dache.

1.How will electric vehicle develop in the next two or three years?

A.Drop in sales.

B.Fall in price.

C.Decline in ownership.

D.Reduction in suppliers.

2.Why does Beijing actively promote the use of new energy vehicles?

A.To get high profits.

B.For transport development.

C.To protect the environment.

D.For the development of the city.

3.How does the author introduce the increasing opening-up of China in the last paragraph ？

A.By making a comparison.

B.By giving an example.

C.By telling a story.

D.By asking a question.

4.What can be the best title for the text?

A.New Development Trend of Electric Vehicles in China

B.Electric Vehicle Technology Looks Forward to New Progress

C.New Trends of International Electric Vehicle Trade

D.Electric Vehicle Sales to ‘See a Big Lift’ Over the Next 2 to 3 Years

文章大意本文主要記敘了史蒂夫得了阿爾茲海默癥后，其女兒尋找朋友的幫助來(lái)協(xié)助父親記錄自己的音樂(lè)的故事，說(shuō)明音樂(lè)給人們的影響。

The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer’s（阿爾楚海默癥）.He was losing his memory.

A software engineer by profession, Steve was akeenlover of the piano, and the only musician in his family.Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.

熟詞生義keen在這里表示“熱烈的，狂熱的”，如a keen hunger for fame and fortune“熱衷于追名逐利”。它有個(gè)詞 組：be keen on“熱衷于，渴望做”，如：I’m keen on traveling around the world.我很想去環(huán)游世界。

Melissa, his daughter, felt it more thanworthwhileto save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young.She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.

語(yǔ) 塊It is worthwhile to do sth, It is worthwhile doing sth “某件事很值得做”；sth is worth doing,“ 某件事很值得做”；sth is worthy of doing 或 sth is worthy to be done“某件事很值得做”。

Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.

“Why do this?” Steve wondered.

“Because she cares.” Melissa said.

Steve nodded, tears in eye.

Naomi drove to the Goodwin home.She told Steve she’d love to hear him play.Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.

Naomi put a small recorder near the piano.Starts and stops and mistakes.Long pauses, heart sinking.But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.

“It was beautiful." Naomi said after listening to the recording.“The music was worth saving.”

Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it.The music was still in Steve Goodwin.It was hidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.

Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together.He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place.Hestruggled toexplain what he heard in his head.He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.

語(yǔ) 塊struggle to do sth.“努力做某事”，相當(dāng)于try hard to do sth.。

Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key.Steve heard it.All of it.He just couldn’t play it.

Working with Naomidid wondersfor Steve.It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song.One day, Naomi received an email.Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight.Steve called it “Melancholy Flower”.

語(yǔ) 塊do wonders“創(chuàng)造奇跡，取得驚人的成就”，相似的結(jié)構(gòu)有do wrong to sb.“冤枉某人”。

Naomi heard multiple stops and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him.The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting.Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.

Naomi managed tofigure out16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs.With Naomi’s help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve’s songs.Joni thought that would be the end.But it wasn’t.

語(yǔ) 塊figure out“想出，理解，弄清楚”；意義相近的詞組有work out（解決，弄清楚，鍛煉）和make out（理解，看清，分清）。

In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind: “Melancholy Flower”.

She told the director about her project with Steve.The directoragreed toadd it to the playing list.But Naomi would have to ask Steve’s permission.He considered it an honor.

語(yǔ) 塊agree to do sth.“同意做某事”；agree on sth “就某事達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)”；agree with sb.“同意某人的意見(jiàn)”。

After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional.It needed to be shared in public.

The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert.By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.

By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends.He knew the path his life was now taking.He told his family he wasat peace.

語(yǔ) 塊at peace“處于和平狀態(tài)，處于平靜狀態(tài)”。

Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family.The house lights faded.Naomi took the stage.Her fingers.His heart.（2019江蘇卷）

1.Why did Melissa want to save her father’s music?

A.His music could stop his disease from worsening.

B.She wanted to please her dying old father.

C.His music deserved to be preserved in the family.

D.She wanted to make her father a professional.

2.After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi ________.

A.refused to make a comment on it B.was deeply impressed by his music

C.decided to free Steve from suffering D.regretted offering help to her friend

3.How can the process of Steve’s recording be described?

A.It was slow but productive. B.It was beneficial to his health.

C.It was tiresome for Naomi. D.It was vital for Naomi’s career.

4.Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower," his wife Joni _______.

A.thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted

B.didn’t expect the damage the disease brought about

C.didn’t fully realize the value of her husband’s music

D.brought her husband’s music career to perfection

5.How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland？

A.He felt concerned about his illness.B.He sensed a responsibility for music.

C.He regained his faith in music.D.He got into a state of quiet.

6.What can be a suitable title for the passage?

A.The Kindness of Friends B.The Power of Music

C.The Making of a Musician D.The Value of Determination

文章大意本文為記敘文?！拔摇焙望溈嗽诟咧幸?qū)W業(yè)不精受到老師和同學(xué)的諷刺、嘲笑，但“我” 倆卻將此作為激勵(lì)，始終相信自己，最終獲得成功。

In my senior year of high school, Mike and I were lined up in front of a small group of students made up mainly of the leaders of the senior class.Our guidance counselor(輔導(dǎo)員) said to us, “The two of you willnever amount to anything.”

語(yǔ) 塊never amount to anything“永遠(yuǎn)一事無(wú)成”。amount to可以表示“總計(jì)達(dá)”之意，如：The sales amount to 100,000yuan.銷(xiāo)售額累積達(dá)10萬(wàn)元。amount to在這里則表示“發(fā)展成”之意。

There was some snickering(竊笑) from some of the seniors as the counselor continued, “From now on, I am not going to waste any more time on either of you.I am only going to spend my time with these class leaders.You two are the class clowns with bad grades, and you will never amount to anything.Now get out of here.”

That counselor did Mike and me the biggest favor of all.While what she said was true in many ways and her words hurt us deeply, her words also inspired both of us to work even harder.They carried us through college and into our own businesses.

A few years ago, Mike and I attended our high school reunion.It was nice to visit with people with whom we had spent three years during a period of time when none of us really knew who we were.It was also interesting to see that most of the so-called senior leaders had not become successful in the years after high school.

長(zhǎng)難句分析這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句是It was nice to visit with people，后面whom引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾people，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中又包含了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句when none of us really knew who we were，修飾前面的a period of time。句意：去見(jiàn)那些我們還寂寂無(wú)名時(shí)和我們一起度過(guò)三年時(shí)光的人是很有意思的。

I tell this story because Mike and I were not academic whiz kids.We were neither financial geniuses nor athletic stars.For the most part, we were slow-to-average learners and students.In my opinion, we were not as naturally gifted as our fathers.Yet it was our guidance counselor’s stinging(刺人的) words and the snickering from our classmates that gave us the fire to plod along( 吃力前行), to learn from our mistakes and to keep doing in both good times and bad times.

Just because you didn’t do well in school, were not popular, bad in math, or have other reasons to underestimate yourself—none of themcountin the long run.They only count if you think they count.

熟詞生義count在這里表示“重要”之意，此處句意：從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，這些都不重要。

For those who’re considering beginning your own financial fast track, you may have some doubts about your abilities.Trust that you have everything you need right now to be successful financially.All it takes to bring out your natural God-given gifts is your desire, determination and a deep faith that you have a genius and a gift that is unique.

長(zhǎng)難句分析本句是“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)的主從復(fù)合句，主語(yǔ)部分（All it takes to bring out your natural God-given gifts）的中心詞all 后面接一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句；表語(yǔ)部分為三個(gè)并列名詞（組），其中最后一個(gè)詞組a deep faith 后面接一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明faith 的內(nèi)容。句意：所有的能激發(fā)出你與生俱來(lái)的天賦就是你的欲望、決心和深深的信念，相信你有才能和獨(dú)特的天賦。

( 文章出處：《Rich Dad’s Cashflow Quadrant: Rich Dad’s Guide to Financial Freedom》)

1.What did the guidance counselor mean by saying “you will never amount to anything”?

A.Mike and I will never make any achievements.

B.Mike and I will never climb to the top of the mountain.

C.Mike and I will never become leaders of the senior class.

D.Mike and I will never become class clowns with good grades.

2.What did Mike and I think of the counselor’s words?

A.Her inspiring words hurt us deeply.

B.Her stinging words inspired us.

C.Her encouraging words helped us through bad times.

D.Her bitter words discouraged us from working harder.

3.At the school reunion, the author found _______.

A.their former classmates didn’t recognize him

B.it was boring to see their former classmates

C.most of the class clowns turned out successful

D.most of the senior leaders didn’t become successful

4.The underlined word “whiz” in Paragraph 5 means “_______”.

A.know-nothing

B.slow

C.idiot

D.genius

5.According to the author, which of following people can achieve financial success?

A.Those who have natural God-given gifts.

B.Those who have faith in themselves.

C.Those who did not do well in school.

D.Those who are doubtful about their abilities.