屈云飛 張儉榮
【摘要】 目的 分析分期雜交全弓置換在急性Stanford A型主動(dòng)脈夾層的圍術(shù)期及早期隨訪結(jié)果。方法 31例急性Stanford A型主動(dòng)脈夾層患者, 均行分期雜交全弓置換手術(shù)。觀察患者開放手術(shù)術(shù)中及術(shù)后情況, 胸主動(dòng)脈支架植入術(shù)后情況。結(jié)果 31例患者中, 無(wú)住院死亡患者, 體外循環(huán)時(shí)間(201.0±36.2)min, 阻斷時(shí)間(112.0±24.6)min, 1例(3.2%)患者深低溫停循環(huán)6 min。17例(54.8%)患者術(shù)前主動(dòng)脈瓣重度返流, 遂行帶主動(dòng)脈瓣人工血管升主動(dòng)脈替換術(shù)(Bentall)+頭臂血管去分支;3例(9.7%)患者僅行升主動(dòng)脈置換+降主動(dòng)脈腔內(nèi)支架植入術(shù);其余11例(35.5%)患者行主動(dòng)脈竇成形+升主動(dòng)脈置換+頭臂血管去分支, 其中1例患者未重建左鎖骨動(dòng)脈。1例(3.2%)患者術(shù)后發(fā)生截癱, 2例(6.5%)患者腎功能不全, 無(wú)需要透析病例。2例(6.5%)患者急診行主動(dòng)脈造影+胸主動(dòng)脈支架植入術(shù)。支架遠(yuǎn)端假腔血栓化率為90.3%, 無(wú)內(nèi)漏等支架相關(guān)并發(fā)癥。結(jié)論 分期雜交全弓置換手術(shù)是急性Stanford A型主動(dòng)脈夾層的一種安全、可靠的治療方法, 且可以避免深低溫停循環(huán)和體外循環(huán)時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)所帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 雜交全弓置換;Stanford A型主動(dòng)脈夾層;分期雜交
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2020.15.009
Perioperative and early follow-up results of staging hybrid total arch replacement for acute Stanford A aortic dissection? ?QU Yun-fei, ZHANG Jian-rong. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
【Abstract】 Objective? ?To analyze the perioperative and early follow-up results of staged hybrid total arch replacement for acute Stanford A aortic dissection. Methods? ?31 acute Stanford type A aortic dissection patients underwent staged hybrid total arch replacement. The conditions of patients during and after open surgery, and the condition of patients after thoracic aortic stent implantation were observed. Results? ?Among the 31 patients, no cases died in hospital, the extracorporeal circulation time was (201.0±36.2) min, the blocking time was (112.0±24.6) min, and 1 patient (3.2%) had deep hypothermic circulatory arrest for 6 min. 17 patients (54.8%) had severe regurgitation of the aortic valve before operation, and then performed Bentall operation and debranching of the brachiocephalic vessel. 3 patients (9.7%) only received ascending aortic replacement and descending aortic stent implantation. The remaining 11 patients (35.5%) underwent aortic sinus angioplasty, ascending aortic replacement and brachiocephalic vessel debranching, and 1 patient did not rebuild the left clavicle artery. 1 patient (3.2%) had paraplegia after operation, and 2 patients (6.5%) had renal insufficiency and no patients need dialysis. 1 patient (3.2%) had transient consciousness disturbance, and 2 patients (6.5%) underwent emergency aortic angiography and thoracic aortic stent implantation. The thrombosis rate of the false cavity in the distal end of the stent was 90.3%, and there were no stent-related complications such as endoleak. Conclusion? ?Staged hybrid total arch replacement is a safe and reliable method for acute Stanford A aortic dissection, which can avoid the risk of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and prolonged extracorporeal circulation time.
【Key words】 Hybrid total arch replacement; Stanford A aortic dissection; Staged hybrid
急性Stanford A型主動(dòng)脈夾層是一種危及生命的外科急癥, 需要急診手術(shù)。這對(duì)于絕大多數(shù)的心血管外科醫(yī)生來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。目前急診手術(shù)是治療的主要手段, 但是醫(yī)院死亡率仍然在15%~30% [1, 2]之間。目前我國(guó)急性Stanford A型主動(dòng)脈夾層傳統(tǒng)的外科手術(shù)方法是孫氏手術(shù)[3, 4]。然而, 孫氏手術(shù)技術(shù)復(fù)雜, 需要深低溫停循環(huán), 體外循環(huán)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng), 具有較高的神經(jīng)并發(fā)癥和死亡率。作者采用分期雜交全弓置換手術(shù)[5, 6]來(lái)治療急性Stanford A型主動(dòng)脈夾層, 現(xiàn)將其總結(jié)如下。
1 資料與方法
1. 1 一般資料 選取2017年10月~2019年10月在本院接受分期雜交全弓置換手術(shù)治療的急性Stanford A型主動(dòng)脈夾層患者31例。分期雜交全弓置換手術(shù)治療急性Stanford A型主動(dòng)脈夾層得到本院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn), 簽署知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):術(shù)前存在心臟驟?;蛴袊?yán)重的神經(jīng)損害的A型夾層患者。術(shù)前患者一般資料見(jiàn)表1。
1. 2 手術(shù)方法 均采用順行+逆行灌注停搏液方式保護(hù)心臟。術(shù)前心臟彩超主動(dòng)脈返流為輕-中度時(shí), 采用保留主動(dòng)脈瓣, “三明治”方法修復(fù)主動(dòng)脈竇部并與升主動(dòng)脈近端吻合。術(shù)前心臟彩超主動(dòng)脈返流為重度時(shí), 或者主動(dòng)脈竇部嚴(yán)重撕裂, 則行Bentall。循環(huán)穩(wěn)定后停體外循環(huán), 徹底止血, 關(guān)胸, 回監(jiān)護(hù)室治療, 待二期行胸主動(dòng)脈支架植入術(shù)(目前本院暫無(wú)雜交手術(shù)室, 因此無(wú)法一期完成支架植入術(shù))。在開放手術(shù)后7 d將患者送入介入室。在全身麻醉下, 行主動(dòng)脈造影+胸主動(dòng)脈支架植入術(shù)(見(jiàn)圖1)。
1. 3 CT評(píng)估 開放手術(shù)后如果患者出現(xiàn)脊椎、內(nèi)臟或下肢缺血等情況, 立即急診CT檢查, 并行胸主動(dòng)脈腔內(nèi)修復(fù)術(shù)(TEVAR)治療。所有患者出院前行全程主動(dòng)脈CT血管造影(CTA)檢查(見(jiàn)圖2), 術(shù)后第3、6個(gè)月后復(fù)查CT, 手術(shù)>1年的患者, 每年復(fù)查1次CT。
1. 4 隨訪 隨訪時(shí)間3~20個(gè)月, 平均隨訪時(shí)間(15.0±5.0)個(gè)月。所有患者定期門診復(fù)查。隨訪完整率為100.0%。
1. 5 觀察指標(biāo) 觀察患者開放手術(shù)術(shù)中及術(shù)后情況, 胸主動(dòng)脈支架植入術(shù)后情況。
2 結(jié)果
2. 1 開放手術(shù)術(shù)中及術(shù)后情況分析 開放手術(shù)階段盡量采取竇部成型, 保留主動(dòng)脈瓣的手術(shù), 17例(54.8%)患者術(shù)前主動(dòng)脈瓣重度返流, 主動(dòng)脈竇部成型后仍然主動(dòng)脈瓣返流量在中-重度, 遂行Bentall術(shù)+頭臂血管去分支。3例(9.7%)患者升主動(dòng)脈及鎖骨下主動(dòng)脈遠(yuǎn)端的降主動(dòng)脈為夾層, 而主動(dòng)脈弓及頭臂血管正常, 僅行升主動(dòng)脈置換+降主動(dòng)脈腔內(nèi)支架植入術(shù)。其余11例(35.5%)患者行主動(dòng)脈竇成形+升主動(dòng)脈置換+頭臂血管去分支, 其中1例患者未重建左鎖骨動(dòng)脈。見(jiàn)表2。
2. 2 胸主動(dòng)脈支架植入術(shù)后情況分析 開放手術(shù)后
7 d在全身麻醉下行主動(dòng)脈造影+胸主動(dòng)脈支架植入術(shù), 其中2例患者因?yàn)榈谝浑A段手術(shù)后2 d出現(xiàn)腹痛, 遂急診行主動(dòng)脈造影+胸主動(dòng)脈支架植入術(shù), 術(shù)后腹疼明顯緩解, 其余患者二期擇期行胸主動(dòng)脈支架植入術(shù)。見(jiàn)表3。
3 討論
對(duì)于雜交全弓手術(shù)的決策, 確定升主動(dòng)脈人工血管和血管內(nèi)支架的尺寸是至關(guān)重要的[6]。盡量做竇部成型, 保留主動(dòng)脈瓣的手術(shù), 避免后期抗凝并發(fā)癥及二期胸主動(dòng)脈支架植入術(shù)支架更方便的釋放。本研究中有17例患者術(shù)前主動(dòng)脈瓣重度返流, 主動(dòng)脈竇部成型后仍然主動(dòng)脈瓣返流量在中-重度, 遂行Bentall術(shù)+
頭臂血管去分支。其余患者行主動(dòng)脈竇成形+升主動(dòng)脈置換+頭臂血管去分支升主;為了保證支架近端有足夠長(zhǎng)的錨定區(qū), 帶4分支人工血管近端應(yīng)盡可能短(0.5 cm以內(nèi)), 以能在竇管交接上方吻合即可, 人工血管近端應(yīng)盡長(zhǎng), 至少2 cm, 以便為遠(yuǎn)端支架提供足夠錨定區(qū), 防止術(shù)后近端內(nèi)漏發(fā)生。支架的大小由近端升主動(dòng)脈人工血管的尺寸及遠(yuǎn)端夾層真腔的大小決定, 近端一般放大5%左右, 夾層遠(yuǎn)端選擇與支架真腔直徑相等的支架, 從而減少圍手術(shù)期夾層破裂的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。
總之, 分期雜交全弓置換非常適合在沒(méi)有雜交手術(shù)室、獨(dú)立開展急性Stanford A型主動(dòng)脈夾層治療病例數(shù)不多的醫(yī)學(xué)中心開展。但本研究是回顧性研究, 樣本量小, 隨訪時(shí)間相對(duì)較短, 長(zhǎng)期結(jié)果有待更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的隨訪和觀察。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] Ma WG, Zhu JM, Zheng J, et al. Suns procedure for complex aortic arch repair: total arch replacement using a tetrafurcate graft with stented elephant trunk implantation. Ann Cardiothorac Surg, 2013(2):642-648.
[2] Chou HT, Lo JP, Chua CH, et al. Initial Experience of Modified Four-Branched Graft Technique and Antegrade TEVAR in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection. Annals of thoracic & cardiovascular surgery official journal of the association of thoracic & cardiovascular surgeons of asia, 2015, 21(5):481-486.
[3] Sun L, Qi RD, Zhu JM, et al. Repair of Acute Type A Dissection: Our Experiences and Result. Annals of thoracic surgery, 2011, 91(4):1147-1152.
[4] 李巖, 常謙, 于存濤, 等. 雜交全主動(dòng)脈弓修復(fù)術(shù)治療急性A型主動(dòng)脈夾層弓部受累的圍術(shù)期和中期隨訪結(jié)果. 臨床外科雜志, 2015(9):674-676.
[5] Liu P, Chang Q, Qian X, et al. Early and mid-term results after hybrid total arch repair of DeBakey type I dissection without deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2016(23):608-615.
[6] Higashi R, Matsumura Y, Yamaki F. A Single Stage Hybrid Repair of a Complicated Acute Type B Dissection with Aortic Arch Involvement. Annals of Vascular Diseases, 2014, 7(2):141-144.
[收稿日期:2020-03-26]