高校大學(xué)生健康行為狀況和中醫(yī)體質(zhì)的關(guān)系研究

陸涵鈺 徒文靜 彭文雯

摘要：目的? 探究大學(xué)生健康行為狀況和體質(zhì)分布特點的關(guān)系，為大學(xué)生健康行為干預(yù)措施的制定提供參考。方法? 于2019年3～9月采用便利抽樣法抽取333名大學(xué)生，以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的中醫(yī)體質(zhì)量表及《中醫(yī)9種體質(zhì)類型判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》將大學(xué)生體質(zhì)分為9種中醫(yī)體質(zhì)類型，運用健康促進(jìn)生活方式-Ⅱ（HPLP-Ⅱ）量表采集大學(xué)生健康行為數(shù)據(jù)，根據(jù)HPLP單項均分將學(xué)生分健康行為良好組（HPLP單項均分≥2.5分，175名）和健康行為不良（HPLP單項均分<2.5分，158名）組，比較兩組大學(xué)生健康行為狀況及其與體質(zhì)類型的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果? 該校大學(xué)生HPLP-Ⅱ總分為（130.57±25.18）分，且健康行為良好組6個維度的單項得分與總分均高于健康行為不良組，差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。大學(xué)生中醫(yī)體質(zhì)平和質(zhì)最多，占24.62%，其余8種偏頗質(zhì)共占75.38%。居前4位的偏頗體質(zhì)類型為陰虛質(zhì)（14.11%）、陽虛質(zhì)（12.91%）、濕熱質(zhì)（12.91%）和痰濕質(zhì)（11.71%）;其中健康行為良好組平和質(zhì)多于健康行為不良組，氣郁質(zhì)少于健康行為不良組，差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P<0.05），且健康行為不良組出現(xiàn)最多的3種偏頗體質(zhì)為陰虛質(zhì)、濕熱質(zhì)、痰濕質(zhì)。不同體質(zhì)大學(xué)生HPLP-Ⅱ得分顯示，特稟質(zhì)得分最高，其次為平和質(zhì)，氣郁質(zhì)得分最低;相關(guān)性分析顯示，健康行為不良組氣郁質(zhì)的發(fā)生與人際關(guān)系、營養(yǎng)、壓力管理、自我實現(xiàn)維度得分以及總分均呈正相關(guān)（P<0.05）。結(jié)論? 該校大學(xué)生健康行為狀況整體良好，健康行為狀況與體質(zhì)類型具有一定相關(guān)性。針對健康行為不良的學(xué)生，應(yīng)鼓勵其改善不良生活習(xí)慣，合理膳食，保持積極樂觀的態(tài)度，改善偏頗體質(zhì)，進(jìn)而提高身體健康狀況。

關(guān)鍵詞：大學(xué)生;健康行為狀況;中醫(yī)體質(zhì);偏頗體質(zhì)

Abstract：Objective? To explore the relationship between the health behaviors of college students and their physical distribution characteristics， and to provide reference for the formulation of intervention measures for college students' health behaviors.Methods? From March to September 2019， 333 college students were selected by the convenience sampling method， and the constitutions of college students were divided into 9 types of TCM constitutions based on standardized TCM physical fitness tables and "Judgment Standards for 9 Constitution Types of TCM". Health was used to promote lifestyle -Ⅱ （HPLP-Ⅱ） scale collects health behavior data of college students， and divides students into good health behavior groups （HPLP single average score ≥2.5 points， 175 students） and poor health behaviors （HPLP single average score <2.5 Points， 158 students） group， comparing the health behaviors of the two groups of college students and their correlation with physical types.Results? The total score of HPLP-Ⅱ of the college students was （130.57±25.18）， and the single dimension score and total score of 6 dimensions of the group with good health behavior were higher than those with poor health behavior， the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. College students have the most physique of traditional Chinese medicine， accounting for 24.62%， and the remaining 8 types of biased qualities account for 75.38%. The top four biased constitution types are Yin deficiency （14.11%）， Yang deficiency （12.91%）， damp heat quality （12.91%）， and phlegm dampness （11.71%）; among them， the group with good health behavior has more peace and health than health In the poor behavior group， the qi depression quality was less than that in the healthy behavior group， the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）， and the three most biased constitutions in the healthy behavior group were yin deficiency， damp heat， and phlegm and dampness. HPLP-Ⅱ scores of college students with different constitutions showed the highest scores for specialty traits， followed by peace quality and lowest score for depression. Correlation analysis showed that the occurrence of depression in the group with poor health behavior was related to interpersonal relationships， nutrition， stress management， and self. The achievement dimension score and the total score were positively correlated （P<0.05）.Conclusion? The health behaviors of the college students are generally good， and there is a certain correlation between health behaviors and physical types. For students with poor health behaviors， they should be encouraged to improve their unhealthy living habits， eat a reasonable diet， maintain a positive and optimistic attitude， improve their biased physique， and then improve their physical health.