張珍珍 張向東
[摘要]目的:探討A型肉毒毒素(Botulinum toxin type A,BTX-A)對透明質(zhì)酸鈉凝膠(Hyaluronic acid,HA)酶解反應(yīng)的影響。方法:①分別取海薇和潤百顏HA凝膠各5份,每份0.05ml,經(jīng)2%甲苯胺藍染色,實驗組分別加入2.5U、5.0U、10.0U、20.0U BTX-A,對照組加入生理鹽水1.0ml(0U BTX-A);再加入300.0U透明質(zhì)酸酶,顯微鏡下觀察HA凝膠的酶解狀態(tài)并采集圖片,采用Image J軟件計算平均光密度值(OD)及其代謝率;②大鼠背部兩側(cè)皮下各注射潤百顏HA凝膠0.25ml,左側(cè)真皮層注射BTX-A 5.0U,右側(cè)注射生理鹽水0.1ml,分別在注射前(0d)、注射后3、7、14、30、60、90d對注射區(qū)域皮膚組織取材,檢測透明質(zhì)酸酶-1(HYAL-1)和透明質(zhì)酸酶-2(HYAL-2)的表達。結(jié)果:①在0U、2.5U、5.0U、10.0U BTX-A作用下,隨著BTX-A劑量的增加,HA凝膠的代謝率逐漸減小,潤百顏分別在60min、70min、80min、100min達到酶解平衡狀態(tài),海薇分別在60min、70min、90min、100min達到酶解平衡狀態(tài);20.0U BTX-A對HA凝膠的抑制作用與10.0U BTX-A相似,兩種HA凝膠均在100min達到酶解平衡狀態(tài)。相同酶解條件下,在40min后,潤百顏較海薇產(chǎn)品代謝速度增快(P<0.001);②注射后3、7d,BTX-A組大鼠皮膚組織中HYAL-1的表達較生理鹽水組降低(P<0.05);注射后3、7、14d,BTX-A組HYAL-2的表達較生理鹽水組降低(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:BTX-A對透明質(zhì)酸酶的活性具有抑制作用,并可降低大鼠皮膚組織中HYAL-1、HYAL-2的表達。
[關(guān)鍵詞]A型肉毒毒素;透明質(zhì)酸鈉凝膠;透明質(zhì)酸酶;酶解作用
[中圖分類號]Q946 ? ?[文獻標(biāo)志碼]A ? ?[文章編號]1008-6455(2020)05-0110-07
Abstract: Objective ?To investigate the effect of botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A), on the enzymatic degradation of hyaluronic acid gel(HA). Methods ?①Divided two samples of Matrifill and Biohyalux into 5 parts each with a volume of 0.05ml, and stained with 2% toluidine blue solution. The experimental group was respectively added 2.5U, 5.0U, 10.0U, 20.0U BTX-A, and the control group(0U BTX-A) was added with 1.0ml of normal saline. Then added hyaluronidase at a dose of 300.0U, observed the status of HA under the microscope and collect pictures. The average optical density value(OD), and metabolic rate were calculated by Image J software. ②Biohyalux was injected into the subcutaneous tissue of the back of rats with a volume of 0.25ml on each side. BTX-A 5.0U was injected into the dermal tissue layer on the left side, and 0.1ml of normal saline was injected on the right side.The skin tissues of the injection area were taken before the injection(0d), and 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90 days after the injection for detected the expression of HYAL-1, HYAL-2. Results ?①Under the effects of BTX-A at 0U, 2.5U, 5.0U and 10.0U, as the dose of BTX-A increased, the metabolic rate of HA gradually decreased. The product of Biohyalux basically reached an equilibrium state of enzyme degradation at 60min, 70min, 80min and 100min. And Matrifill basically reached an equilibrium state of enzyme degradation at 60min, 70min, 90min and 100min. The inhibitory effect of 20.0U BTX-A on HA gel was similar to that of 10.0U BTX-A. Both HA gels reached the enzymatic hydrolysis equilibrium state at 100min. Under the same enzymolysis conditions, Biohyalux had a faster metabolism rate than Matrifill after 40min (P<0.001). ②On the 3 and 7 days after injection, the expression of HYAL-1 in the skin tissues of the BTX-A group was lower than those of the normal saline group (P<0.05). On the 3, 7 and 14 days, the HYAL-2 expression of the BTX-A group was lower than those of the normal saline group (P<0.05). Conclusion ?BTX-A has an inhibitory effect on the activity of hyaluronidase and reduces the expression of HYAL-1 and HYAL-2 in rat skin tissue.
Key words: botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A); hyaluronic acid(HA); hyaluronidase(HYAL); enzymatic hydrolysis
近年來,隨著醫(yī)學(xué)美容技術(shù)的成熟,多種藥物聯(lián)合注射廣泛應(yīng)用于面部微整形領(lǐng)域。其中,A型肉毒毒素(Botulinum toxin type A,BTX-A)和透明質(zhì)酸(Hyaluronic acid,HA)作為最常用的注射藥物,兩者聯(lián)合使用因其協(xié)同作用備受臨床醫(yī)師及就醫(yī)者的青睞,但鮮有相關(guān)文獻指出其協(xié)同作用的發(fā)生機制。另外,臨床上因注射HA導(dǎo)致組織缺血壞死、視力受損甚至失明等嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥也時有報道[1-4],需及時注射透明質(zhì)酸酶進行溶解,目前尚無實驗證實兩者聯(lián)合注射對透明質(zhì)酸酶活性的影響。因此,本實驗初步探究BTX-A對透明質(zhì)酸酶的影響,探討兩者聯(lián)合使用的協(xié)同作用機制并提供實驗依據(jù)。
1 ?材料和方法
1.1 主要實驗材料:注射用交聯(lián)透明質(zhì)酸鈉凝膠(海薇)(上海其勝生物制劑有限公司,0.5ml);注射用修飾透明質(zhì)酸鈉凝膠(潤百顏)(山東濟南華熙福瑞達生物醫(yī)藥有限公司,0.5ml);注射用玻璃酸酶(上海第一生化藥業(yè)公司,1 500U/支);注射用A型肉毒毒素(衡力,蘭州生物制品研究所有限責(zé)任公司,100U/瓶);甲苯胺藍粉劑(武漢賽維爾生物科技有限公司,5g);透明質(zhì)酸酶-1抗體(北京博奧森生物技術(shù)有限公司,50μl)、透明質(zhì)酸酶-2抗體(武漢三鷹生物技術(shù)有限公司,100μl)。注:玻璃酸酶,即透明質(zhì)酸酶,全文統(tǒng)稱為透明質(zhì)酸酶。
1.2 動物模型:SPF級wistar大鼠28只(雌雄各半),購買于中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院蘭州獸醫(yī)研究所[許可證號:SCXK-(甘)2015-001],體重(200±20)g。實驗經(jīng)過蘭州大學(xué)第二醫(yī)院動物倫理委員會批準(zhǔn),實驗在蘭州大學(xué)第二醫(yī)院實驗動物中心進行[實驗動物使用許可證號:SYXK-(甘)2018-0003]。
1.3 實驗方法
1.3.1 體外酶解實驗:取海薇及潤百顏樣本0.05ml置于直徑3.5cm的培養(yǎng)皿中,0.025ml的2%甲苯胺藍染色10min后,加入2.0ml蒸餾水稀釋,放置于4℃冰箱中,12h后取出,25℃室溫下恢復(fù)1h,分別加入2.5U(2.5U/ml)、5.0U(5.0U/ml)、10.0U(10.0U/ml)、20.0U(20.0U/ml) BTX-A及生理鹽水1.0ml(0U BTX-A),再加入300.0U透明質(zhì)酸酶[5],混勻,立即在顯微鏡(40×)下觀察HA凝膠的酶解狀況。
1.3.2 BTX-A對大鼠皮膚組織中HYAL-1、HYAL-2的影響:大鼠經(jīng)10%水合氯醛(0.03ml/kg)腹腔注射麻醉,注射部位選擇在背部兩側(cè)距離脊柱1.0cm處,剃除注射部位毛發(fā),以注射點為中心設(shè)置邊長約1.5cm正方形區(qū)域,記號筆標(biāo)記,用75%醫(yī)用酒精消毒后,于大鼠兩側(cè)注射點皮下注射HA各0.25ml;5min后于左側(cè)背部真皮層注射BTX-A 5.0U(5.0U/0.1ml),右側(cè)注射生理鹽水0.1ml;采用30G注射針頭朝上斜行進針、回抽無血液后進行注射(見圖1)。
于注射前(0d)、注射后3、7、14、30、60、90d對注射區(qū)域皮膚組織進行取材。大鼠麻醉后,沿標(biāo)記線用眼科剪剪開皮膚全層,完整剔除剩余HA凝膠,分離皮下組織,將皮膚組織固定于4%多聚甲醛溶液中,行免疫組化染色檢測HYAL-1、HYAL-2的表達。
1.3.3 Image J軟件進行半定量分析:使用ImageJ 2016軟件計算HA凝膠及HYLA-1、HYAL-2的平均光密度值(OD)。并用Origin 2018軟件繪制相關(guān)統(tǒng)計圖。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析:使用SPSS 22.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析,針對計量資料先進行正態(tài)性檢驗,符合正態(tài)分布的數(shù)據(jù)采用(x?±s)表示,采用單因素方差分析測試多組間統(tǒng)計學(xué)顯著性,t檢驗比較組間有無差異。P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 ?結(jié)果
2.1 BTX-A對體外HA凝膠酶解反應(yīng)的影響:通過肉眼及顯微鏡(40×)下觀察,兩種產(chǎn)品形態(tài)學(xué)差異較大,在水溶液中潤百顏較海薇分布分散,其顆粒尺寸也較海薇大(潤百顏:130.0~1 400.0?m,海薇:100.0~800.0?m),見圖2。
在0U、2.5U、5.0U、10.0U BTX-A作用下,隨著BTX-A劑量的增加,HA凝膠的代謝率逐漸減小,潤百顏分別在60min、70min、80min、100min達到酶解平衡狀態(tài),而海薇分別在60min、70min、90min、100min達到酶解平衡狀態(tài)。BTX-A在0~10.0U,其抑制作用呈劑量依賴性,隨著BTX-A劑量的增加,代謝率逐漸減小。另外,20.0U BTX-A對HA凝膠的抑制作用與10.0U BTX-A相似,兩種HA凝膠均在100min達到酶解平衡狀態(tài)。海薇:BTX-A劑量為10.0U及20.0U,在10min時HA凝膠的代謝速率較生理鹽水組明顯減慢,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01);2.5U、5.0U組與生理鹽水組比較,分別在40min、20min時代謝速率明顯減慢(P<0.05),見圖3~4。潤百顏:BTX-A劑量分別為5.0U、10.0U、20.0U時,在10min時HA凝膠的代謝速率較生理鹽水組均明顯減慢(P<0.05);30min時,2.5U組也較生理鹽水組的代謝速率減慢(P<0.01),見圖5~6。
相同酶解條件下,不同HA凝膠酶解速率具有明顯差異。20min后,在10.0U、20.0U BTX-A作用下,潤百顏凝膠較海薇代謝明顯增快(P<0.01);在0U、5.0U BTX-A作用下,在30min后潤百顏較海薇凝膠代謝增快(P<0.05);40min后,2.5U BTX-A作用下,潤百顏代謝與海薇比較顯著增快(P<0.001)。見圖7。
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[收稿日期]2020-02-12
本文引用格式:張珍珍,張向東,趙琳,等.A型肉毒毒素影響透明質(zhì)酸鈉凝膠酶解反應(yīng)的實驗研究[J].中國美容醫(yī)學(xué),2020,29(5):110-116,152.