劉桂蓮
【摘要】 目的:探究以情景游戲?yàn)橹行牡母深A(yù)措施在小兒腹瀉中的應(yīng)用效果。方法:回顧性分析2017年12月-2018年6月于筆者所在醫(yī)院治療的150例小兒腹瀉患兒的臨床資料,按照護(hù)理方法分為對(duì)照組及觀察組,每組75例。對(duì)照組采用常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù),觀察組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上予以情景游戲干預(yù)。對(duì)比兩組臨床療效、癥狀改善時(shí)間(止瀉時(shí)間、退熱時(shí)間、止吐時(shí)間、脫水糾正時(shí)間)、家屬滿意度、干預(yù)前后疼痛程度[改良東安大略兒童醫(yī)院疼痛評(píng)分(m-CHEOPS)、兒童疼痛行為量表(FLACC)評(píng)分]。結(jié)果:觀察組總有效率及家屬滿意度均明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);觀察組止瀉時(shí)間、退熱時(shí)間、止吐時(shí)間、脫水糾正時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);兩組干預(yù)后m-CHEOPS評(píng)分及FLACC評(píng)分均較干預(yù)前降低,且觀察組均低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:以情景游戲?yàn)橹行牡母深A(yù)措施能促進(jìn)小兒腹瀉患兒病情轉(zhuǎn)歸,緩解疼痛程度,還能提升家屬滿意度,在兒科臨床干預(yù)中具有重要意義。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 小兒腹瀉 情景游戲 疼痛
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.07.075??文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 B??文章編號(hào) 1674-6805(2020)07-0-03
Application of Situational Game-centered Interventions in Infantile Diarrhea/LIU Guilian. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research, 2020, 18(7): -174
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the effect of situational game-centered interventions in infantile diarrhea. Method: The clinical data of 150 children with infantile diarrhea treated in our hospital from December 2017 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and according to nursing methods, children were divided into the control group and the observation group, 75 cases in each group. The control group used routine nursing intervention, and the observation group used situational game intervention on the basis of the control group. The clinical efficacy, improvement time of symptoms (antidiarrhea time, antipyretic time, antiemetic time, dehydration correction time), satisfaction of family members and pain degree before and after intervention [scores of modified childrens hospital of eastern ontario pain scale (m-CHEOPS) and face, legs, activity, cry and consolability (FLACC) behavior scale] were compared between the two groups. Result: The total effective rate and satisfaction of family members of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). And the antidiarrhea time, antipyretic time, antiemetic time, dehydration correction time in the observation group were shorter than those of the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, scores of m-CHEOPS and FLACC of the two groups were lower than those before intervention, and the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Situational game-centered interventions can promote the recovery of children with infantile diarrhea, alleviate the degree of pain, and improve the satisfaction of family members. It play an important role in the clinical intervention of pediatrics.
[Key words] Infantile diarrhea Situational game Pain
兩組干預(yù)后m-CHEOPS評(píng)分及FLACC評(píng)分均較干預(yù)前降低,且觀察組均低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表4。
3 討論
臨床研究發(fā)現(xiàn),游戲?qū)和恼J(rèn)知活動(dòng)、社會(huì)交往、情緒和情感等有重要作用,可使兒童獲得對(duì)日常沖突及創(chuàng)傷事件的掌控感[8]。因此,游戲干預(yù)可緩解患兒對(duì)醫(yī)院的負(fù)性情緒,并減少由醫(yī)療操作引發(fā)的創(chuàng)傷。在情景游戲中,通過充分利用玩具及道具來(lái)激發(fā)患兒發(fā)散性思維,使其獲得控制感;通過創(chuàng)傷事件(如靜脈穿刺)的反復(fù)演習(xí)以提高患兒對(duì)創(chuàng)傷事件的情緒控制力,以便在實(shí)際操作中提高依從性[9]。小兒腹瀉患兒以大便次數(shù)增多及脫水等為主要臨床表現(xiàn),入院時(shí)不適感較大,而陌生的醫(yī)院環(huán)境又可增加其心理應(yīng)激反應(yīng),故予以小兒腹瀉患兒相應(yīng)的干預(yù)措施極其必要[10]。對(duì)此,本研究對(duì)情景游戲在小兒腹瀉中的應(yīng)用效果展開分析,以評(píng)估情景游戲?qū)純旱挠绊懀瑸榕R床提升小兒腹瀉患兒舒適度提供新思路。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,接受情景游戲干預(yù)的觀察組止瀉時(shí)間短于常規(guī)護(hù)理的對(duì)照組。究其原因,情景游戲干預(yù)能使患兒熟悉醫(yī)療操作,使其在有創(chuàng)操作時(shí)能夠聯(lián)想游戲過程,進(jìn)而提高依從性,有利于臨床療效的提升[11]。觀察組退熱時(shí)間、止吐時(shí)間、脫水糾正時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組,主要因在情景游戲干預(yù)過程中為患兒提供溫馨的游戲環(huán)境,并采取積極鼓勵(lì)等方式糾正患兒的排斥情緒與陌生感,能在一定程度上緩解患兒住院緊張、恐懼等負(fù)性情緒,降低心理應(yīng)激水平,減少應(yīng)激反應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)體生理環(huán)境的影響,從而有利于病情恢復(fù)[12]。此外,觀察組總有效率明顯高于對(duì)照組,證實(shí)情景游戲?qū)π焊篂a患兒的干預(yù)效果較好,利于提高患兒依從性,改善護(hù)治效果。本研究中,通過對(duì)患兒家屬進(jìn)行健康宣教與注意事項(xiàng)講解等干預(yù)措施,能夠有效避免患兒在住院過程中發(fā)生繼發(fā)感染等不良事件,對(duì)病情轉(zhuǎn)歸有利。
除上述結(jié)論外,本研究還顯示,觀察組干預(yù)后m-CHEOPS評(píng)分及FLACC評(píng)分均明顯低于對(duì)照組。與以下因素相互作用有關(guān):(1)情景游戲干預(yù)能使患兒熟悉醫(yī)院環(huán)境及醫(yī)療操作流程,緩解其因陌生而導(dǎo)致的不適感,提升住院舒適度[13];(2)情景游戲干預(yù)能緩解患兒對(duì)醫(yī)院的排斥情緒,降低心理應(yīng)激反應(yīng),進(jìn)而提高機(jī)體痛閾,使疼痛程度降低[14]。同時(shí),觀察組家屬滿意度明顯高于對(duì)照組。可能與在黑板教學(xué)區(qū)對(duì)家屬進(jìn)行相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)宣教有關(guān),可提高家屬對(duì)醫(yī)務(wù)人員的信任[15]。
綜上所述,情景游戲干預(yù)可提高小兒腹瀉患兒住院舒適度,減輕其疼痛程度,并促進(jìn)病情轉(zhuǎn)歸,對(duì)于提升家屬滿意度有積極意義。
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(收稿日期:2019-11-12) (本文編輯:李盈)
①黃岡市中心醫(yī)院 湖北 黃岡 438000