南頭古城保護(hù)與更新，深圳，中國

位于中國深圳城市中心區(qū)域的南頭古城有著始于晉代的1700余年建城史，近百年間，古城不斷消退，村莊不斷膨脹，隨著深圳城市化的加劇，最終形成城市包圍村莊、而村莊又包含古城的城村環(huán)環(huán)相扣、古城時隱時現(xiàn)的復(fù)雜格局——“城中村中城”。

2016年初，都市實(shí)踐的設(shè)計和研究團(tuán)隊(duì)介入南頭保護(hù)與更新項(xiàng)目，認(rèn)為只有尊重歷史原真性、且珍視各個時代的文化層積和歷史印記，才能塑造一個本土文化歷久彌新、永遠(yuǎn)鮮活的城市歷史文化街區(qū)。我們提出：今日的南頭是承載著千年古城文化、且沉淀了深圳各個發(fā)展時期空間、社會和文化遺產(chǎn)的“南頭古城”。她是深圳僅有的能將千年文化傳承譜系與30余年中國高速城市化的過程全光譜式并置呈現(xiàn)的珍貴城市文化樣本。

基于前期在南頭的城市研究，都市實(shí)踐為南頭古城保護(hù)與更新提出了以介入實(shí)施為導(dǎo)向、由點(diǎn)及面漸進(jìn)式激活、以文化活動促進(jìn)古城復(fù)興的發(fā)展模式，基于前期充分的現(xiàn)場調(diào)研、分析策劃、城市設(shè)計和研究工作，我們在2017深圳/香港雙城雙年展選址過程中提出了將“深雙”嫁接到南頭的設(shè)想。

2 十字街片區(qū)改造前/View of Cross Road area before reconstruction

2017雙年展以“城市共生”為主題，經(jīng)過深入的歷史文獻(xiàn)研究和現(xiàn)場調(diào)研，逐漸梳理出了一條空間改造和展覽植入高度吻合的敘事主線。秉承南頭古城保護(hù)與重生的城市設(shè)計思路，結(jié)合雙年展展場空間遴選，嘗試重建南頭十分匱乏的公共開放空間系統(tǒng)，以點(diǎn)狀分布的建筑空間和室外場地串聯(lián)為展線，展場分布由北向南分再向東西延展為5個板塊：A工廠區(qū)組團(tuán)、B十字街組團(tuán)、C南城門組團(tuán)、D古建筑組團(tuán)、E春景街組團(tuán)等。整個展覽的空間敘事繼而由“起、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合、聚、敞、隱”7個環(huán)環(huán)相扣的主題計劃串接而成，類似文學(xué)和戲劇結(jié)構(gòu)的起承轉(zhuǎn)合，高潮起伏。本屆深雙作為一次城市介入與古城更新計劃再度合體，量身定制并巧妙銜接。

在主展場的改造中，設(shè)計團(tuán)隊(duì)選擇多樣的空間類型作為展覽現(xiàn)場，既有城中村的廠房，也有街道、廣場、居民樓、歷史建筑和公園。希望通過一系列展覽空間的改造以及建筑、藝術(shù)作品與活動的介入為南頭古城再生和城中村改造提供一次另類實(shí)驗(yàn)的契機(jī)，以“城市策展”的方式介入城市更新，成為漸進(jìn)改善城市空間和提升城市生活品質(zhì)的一項(xiàng)長期計劃?！?/p>

3 南頭古城設(shè)計理念軸測/Nantou old town concept axonometric

The Nantou Old Town in the city centre of Shenzhen, China as a city can date back to Jin dynasty over 1,700 years ago. In the past century, the historic town has gradually vanished, while the village was constantly expanding. The exacerbation of urbanisation in Shenzhen has resulted in an intertwined layering with complex pattern of the historical town embedded in the urban village, which is again encircled by the city, i.e. "a village in the city, and a city in the village".

At the beginning of 2016, the design and research team of Urbanus started to be involved in the Preservation and Regeneration Project of Nantou and concluded that only by respecting the authenticity of the history and cherishing the cultural layers and historical traces of each period of time can we shape a timelessly dynamic urban community rooted in local history and culture. We see today's Nantou not as an historical town in a traditional sense, but as a town of historic heritage, which carries on the history and culture of nearly two thousand years, and which preserves the spatial, social and cultural heritage of Shenzhen across every historical period. It is the only precious sample of Shenzhen's urban culture that displays both the Millennium culture heritage a long side all optical spectral juxtaposition of China's rapid urbanisation over the last three decades.

Based on the preliminary study on Nantou, Urbanus proposed a development model of promoting the rejuvenation of the ancient city with the guidance of the intervention, promoting the revival of the ancient city with cultural activities with the gradual activation from point to surface. Later on, after sufficient field investigation along with urban design and research work in the early stage, we came up with the idea to propose Nantou as the main venue of 2017 UABB in the process of site selection of the Biennale.

The 2017 UABB is themed with Cities, Grow in Difference. Further field surveys and research into Nantou's historical documents helped us to find a narrative line on which spatial renovation and the exhibition implementation could highly coincide. Following the urban design strategy of preservation and regeneration while locating exhibition spaces for UABB, we sought to reconstruct a public open space system which was very rare in Nantou. Serving as an exhibition route, this system consists of both architectural space and outdoor places in the spot distribution. The exhibition venues are in 5 zones from north to south and extending out toward east and west: A. Factory Zone, B. Cross Road Zone, C. Southern Gate Zone, D. Historic Buildings Zone, and E. Chunjing Street Zone. The whole exhibition spatial narrative is formed with "Introduction, Elucidation, Transition, Conclusion, Agglomeration, Openness and Seclusion" seven interlocking themes, like the opening, developing, changing and concluding with rising and falling climax structure of Chinese literature or drama. The urban intervention of this UABB is highly consistent with the old town regeneration plan, making a smooth transition from one to the other.

4 建筑層積分類/Historical layers of architecture

5 南頭古城改造前/Views of Nantou Old Town before reconstruction

During the renovation of the main venue, the design team selected a great variety of spaces and tailored to, including factory buildings in village embedded in city, streets, squares, residential buildings, historical buildings, and parks. We hope through renovation for exhibition spaces and architecture, art with organised events interventions, to bring an alternative experimental opportunity for the regeneration of Nantou Old Town and the renovation of villages in urban in general. Intervening in the current process of urban renewal by the way of "urban organised exhibition", is a longterm strategy for the incremental improvement of urban space and the quality of urban life.□

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)/Location: 深圳南頭古城/Nantou Old Town, Shenzhen

建設(shè)單位/Client: 深圳市南山區(qū)人民政府/Nanshan District Government, Shenzhen

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: 孟巖/MENG Yan

城市設(shè)計與研究階段/Urban Design Stage

建設(shè)單位/Client: 深圳市南山區(qū)文化體育局/Nanshan District Culture and Sports Bureau, Shenzhen

項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理/Project Manager: 林怡琳/LIN Yilin項(xiàng)目組/Project Team: 李聰毅，劉勘，張雪娟，吳然，田林，鄭娜，王一帆，韓偲穎（實(shí)習(xí)）/LI Congyi, LIU Kan, ZHANG Xuejuan, Wendy Wu, TIAN Lin, ZHENG Na, WANG Yifan, HAN Siying (Internship)

用地面積/Site Area: 282,637m2項(xiàng)目時間/Project Period: 2016.4-2016.7

建筑改造階段/Building Renovation Stage

代建單位/Construction Agency: 深業(yè)置地投資發(fā)展（深圳）有限公司/Shum Yip Land Investment & Development Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen)

項(xiàng)目總經(jīng)理/ Project General Manager: 林怡琳/LIN Yilin

項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理/Project Manager: 臧敏/ZANG Min

項(xiàng)目建筑師/Project Architect: 饒恩辰，Milutin Cerovic/RAO Enchen, Milutin Cerovic

建筑團(tuán)隊(duì)/Architecture Design Team: 游東和，姜輕舟，

6 主展場首層軸測圖/Axonometric of ground floor of Main Venue

7 主展場軸測圖/Axonometric of Main Venue

劉勘，鄭植，陳卉，李聰毅，廖夢君，申晨，張超賢，楊浩洲，肖世豪，翁永琪，曹竣（實(shí)習(xí)）/YOU Donghe, JIANG Qingzhou, LIU Kan, ZHENG Zhi, CHEN Hui, LI Congyi, LIAO Mengjun, SHEN Chen, ZHANG Chaoxian, YANG Haozhou, XIAO Shihao, WENG Yongqi, CAO Jun (Internship)

景觀團(tuán)隊(duì)/Landscape Design Team: 魏志姣，李冠達(dá)，許瀟，蔡琪，劉雨濃，韓珂（實(shí)習(xí)）/WEI Zhijiao, LI Guanda, XU Xiao, CAI Qi, LIU Yunong, HAN Ke (Internship)

合作/Collaborators: 深圳市清華苑建筑與規(guī)劃設(shè)計研究有限公司（施工圖），深圳市共和設(shè)計工程有限公司（室內(nèi)施工圖）/Tsinghua-Yuan Architecture and Planning Design and Research Ltd. Shenzhen (Construction Design), Shenzhen Republic Design & Engineering Co., Ltd. (Interior Construction Design)

用地面積/Site Area: 38,150m2建筑面積/Floor Area: 12,485m2

景觀面積/Landscape Area: 24,469m2

項(xiàng)目時間/Project Period: 2016.10-2017.11

2017深港城市 建筑雙城雙年展（深圳）階段/2017 Shenzhen-Hong Kong Urbanism Architecture Bi-City Biennale (Shenzhen) Stage

城市 + 建筑板塊總策展人/Chief Curators for the Urbanism + Architecture Section: 孟巖，劉曉都/MENG Yan, LIU Xiaodu

攝影/Photos: 張超，吳清山，都市實(shí)踐/ZHANG Chao, WU Qingshan, URBANUS

圖片版權(quán)/Copyrights: ?UABB，?URBANUS都市實(shí)踐，

?吳清山/?UABB, ?URBANUS, ?Wu Qingshan

8 2017深雙主展場-南頭古城鳥瞰/Aerial view of the main exhibition field of 2017 UABB - Nantou old town

9 廠房區(qū)改造前/Lab Zone before reconstruction

10 廠房區(qū)Vego Plaza/Vego Plaza of Lab Zone

11.12 廠房區(qū)/Lab Zone

13 大家樂舞臺改造前/Dajiale Stage before reconstruction

14 大家樂舞臺改造后室內(nèi)/Interior view of Dajiale Stage after reconstruction

15 大家樂舞臺改造后/Dajiale Stage after reconstruction

評論

曹嘉明：南頭古城保護(hù)與更新項(xiàng)目本身是一個長遠(yuǎn)實(shí)施的計劃。在老城區(qū)里面盡可能地減少對原住民的影響，開辟出新的社會化的活動空間、美術(shù)館和廣場，同時注重在原有的街巷里面進(jìn)行環(huán)境的改造。好似用繡花針來進(jìn)行織補(bǔ)更新，對老城區(qū)改造具有示范性意義。

鮑里斯·沙德-賓索：一個城市的街區(qū)是其身份特征與未來所在，尤其是在單中心結(jié)構(gòu)正被更廣泛的多中心結(jié)構(gòu)所取代的當(dāng)下。無論是新生的還是久經(jīng)時間考驗(yàn)的，這些街區(qū)需要在經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會生活上自給自足的同時，也要在社會層面上發(fā)揮作用，這一點(diǎn)非常重要。它們應(yīng)當(dāng)均等地提供生活和公共空間，還應(yīng)具有可擴(kuò)展性和可壓縮性；必須有足夠的空間來滿足社會和文化需求，同時又不忽略商業(yè)機(jī)會。深圳南頭古城保護(hù)與更新項(xiàng)目使這一切成為可能，它不僅展示了當(dāng)?shù)氐臍v史，而且增強(qiáng)了人們對本地社區(qū)的認(rèn)同能力。有鑒于此，該項(xiàng)目將永無止境地進(jìn)行下去，因?yàn)樗鼘⒈焕斫鉃橐粋€“永無止境的故事”，就像城市永遠(yuǎn)不會竣工一樣。（潘奕 譯）

Comments

CAO Jiaming: The Nantou Old Town Preservation and Regeneration project is a long-term scheme. The design strategy is to create new social activity spaces, exhibition centres and public squares with minimum impact on the local inhabitants. The project also targets at renewing the condition of the existing streets and alleyways. This can be seen as a metaphor of patching and renewing fabrics by hand embroidery. The project is a meaningful example in the field of urban regeneration. (Translated by Jue Chen)

Boris Schade-Bünsow: The quarters of a city are where its very identity and its future lie, particularly as monocentric structures are being replaced by more polycentric arrangements. Whether they have been newly developed or have stood the test of time, it is so important for these quarters to be economically and socially self-sufficient while also functioning on a social level. They have to offer space for living and working in equal measure in addition to being both expandable and condensable. There must also be scope to accommodate both social and cultural needs without neglecting the opportunity for trade. All this and more is made possible by the Nantou Old Town Preservation and Regeneration Project in Shenzhen, which serves to not only showcase local history but also strengthen people's ability to identify with their local neighbourhood. With this in mind, the project runs with no end, since it is to be understood as a "neverending story", just as the city will never be finished.

17 報德廣場改造前/Baode Square before reconstruction

18 報德廣場改造后/Baode Square after reconstruction

19 十字街片區(qū)軸測/Axonometric of Cross Street Zone

20 B區(qū)剖面/B.Zone sections

21 報德廣場室內(nèi)向外看/View from the interior of Baode Square

22 報德廣場改造后/Baode Square after reconstruction

23 十字街廣場改造后/Cross Street Square after reconstruction

24 報德廣場周邊街巷/View of lanes around Baode Square