貝爾瓦爾科學(xué)城拾英，阿爾澤特河畔埃施，盧森堡

安托瓦妮特·洛朗 文/Text by Antoinette Lorang

尚晉 譯/Translated by SHANG Jin

1 全景/Greneral view

位于盧森堡西南的貝爾瓦爾工業(yè)荒地改造項(xiàng)目于2000 年啟動(dòng)，在城市設(shè)計(jì)和建筑上都馳名四海。1997 年關(guān)閉后，高爐周邊地區(qū)成了今天盧森堡大學(xué)和許多頂級(jí)研究機(jī)構(gòu)的所在地。根據(jù)荷蘭約·克嫩建筑事務(wù)所的總體規(guī)劃，這120hm2被分為4 個(gè)區(qū)域：貝爾瓦爾北/貝爾瓦爾南——主要為居住區(qū)，貝爾瓦爾公園——大型景觀公園，方里區(qū)——公寓、辦公樓和商業(yè)混合區(qū)，高爐臺(tái)地——科學(xué)城總部。

科學(xué)城由公共承包商貝爾瓦爾基金會(huì)建設(shè)，為多家贊助商提供了20 座建筑。這些建筑占地27hm2，主要集中于高爐廣場(chǎng)。場(chǎng)地北部是大學(xué)的主要建筑（知識(shí)大廈）以及標(biāo)志性的橋塔建筑、研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室和點(diǎn)睛之筆的學(xué)生文化中心（藝術(shù)與學(xué)生樓）。在高爐臺(tái)地南部，新創(chuàng)公司、大學(xué)圖書館、搖滾音樂(lè)廳和工業(yè)遺跡構(gòu)成了激動(dòng)人心的建筑群。

開放空間的設(shè)計(jì)值得特別關(guān)注?？茖W(xué)城的整個(gè)區(qū)域均由巴黎景觀建筑師米歇爾·德維涅設(shè)計(jì)。他為工業(yè)遺跡和當(dāng)代建筑營(yíng)造出妙趣橫生的環(huán)境。設(shè)計(jì)中包含三大特色：連續(xù)不斷的深色磚地面、各處的大水池和 “城市森林”。其特別之處在于，反光的水池對(duì)該地區(qū)的游客和日常用戶產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的吸引力。此外，德國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)師英戈·毛雷爾非同一般的照明設(shè)計(jì)為戶外空間賦予了白晝與黑夜的詩(shī)意。

不過(guò)，貝爾瓦爾最大的亮點(diǎn)無(wú)疑是自1965 年和1979 年的高爐。它們被保留下來(lái)，按照一個(gè)非凡的理念融入此地新的“城市”。極簡(jiǎn)主義建筑“創(chuàng)新館”和大學(xué)圖書館也是在這一特殊背景下設(shè)計(jì)的。它們共同構(gòu)成了無(wú)與倫比的建筑群。兩座高爐之一可以登上40m 的高度。來(lái)自世界各地的游客都會(huì)在此了解到盧森堡的工業(yè)歷史。每當(dāng)夜幕降臨，或是每年夏季高爐節(jié)等特殊場(chǎng)合之際，高爐都會(huì)閃耀不同的光。

高爐附近的大學(xué)圖書館為大學(xué)城之旅畫上了完美的句號(hào)。大理石立面背后是壯觀的室內(nèi)空間。最現(xiàn)代的圖書館技術(shù)在此以獨(dú)具匠心的方式與原工業(yè)建筑“備礦間”的要素融為一體?！?/p>

The transformation of the industrial wasteland of Belval in the southwest of Luxembourg,which began in 2000, is an internationally much noted project, both in terms of urban design and architecture. Shut down in 1997, the territory around the blast furnaces hosts the University of Luxembourg and a number of top-class research institutes today. According to the master plan of the Dutch office Jo Coenen, the total area of 120hm2was divided into 4 zones: Belval Nord / Belval Sud -mainly residential area, Park Belval - large landscape park, Square Mile - mixed quarter with apartments,offices and commerce, and Terrasse des Hauts Fourneaux - headquarters of the Cité des Sciences.

The Cité des Sciences consists of some 20 buildings for varions stakeholders realised by the Fonde Belval, a public contractor. The buildings cover an area of 27hm2mainly located on the Terrasse des Hauts Fourneaux. The northern part of this area includes among others the main university building(Maison du Savoir) with its emblematic bridge-tower architecture, research laboratories and the students'cultural centre (Maison des Arts et des Etudiants)that is embedded like a small jewel. In the southern part of the Terrasse des Hauts Fourneaux, start-ups,university library (Maison du Livre), rock hall and industrial monuments form an exciting ensemble.

The design of the open space deserves special attention. The entire area of the Cité des Sciences was designed by Michel Desvigne, a Parisian landscape architect, who created an interesting setting for both, industrial monuments and contemporary architecture. Three elements characterise the design: the continuous floor consisting of dark brick, large water basins and"urban woods" in several locations. In particular,the light-reflecting water basins exert a strong attraction on the visitors and daily users of the area.In addition, there are the unusual luminaires by the German designer Ingo Maurer, which lend the outdoor space a poetic touch by day and night.

The biggest attraction in Belval, however, is undoubtedly the blast furnaces from 1965 and 1979, which were preserved and integrated here into the new "City" according to an unusual concept.Together with the minimalist architecture of the Maison de l'Innovation and the Maison du Livre,which have been developed with the specific context in mind, they form an inimitable ensemble. One of the two blast furnaces can be walked up to a height of 40m. Groups of visitors from all over the world get here an insight into the industrial history of Luxembourg. At night and on special occasions such as the annual monuments furnace festival in summer, the blast furnaces are illuminated in different ways.

2 高爐/Blast furnace

3 科學(xué)城地圖/Map of Cité des Sciences

A tour of the Cité des Sciences is rounded off by a visit to the Maison du Livre, located next to the blast furnaces. Behind the marbled fa?ade is a spectacular interior. The most modern library technology is combined here with elements of the former industrial building "M?llerei" in an incomparable way.□

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

開發(fā)公司/Development Company: Agora

總體規(guī)劃/Masterplan: Jo Coenen

建設(shè)方/Contractor: Le Fonds Belval

景觀建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Landscape Architect: Michel Desvigne

照明概念設(shè)計(jì)/Lighting Concept: Ingo Maurer

圖片來(lái)源/Sonrces: ?Fonds Belval

項(xiàng)目/Project: 知識(shí)大廈/Maison du Savoir

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects: Baumschlager Eberle, Christian Bauer(CBA)

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Civil Engineering: Jan Van Aelst

技術(shù)工程/Technical Engineering: Jean Schmit Engineering

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 6.2hm2

造價(jià)/Cost: 1.36億歐元/136M EUR

設(shè)計(jì)與施工時(shí)間/Period of Design and Realisation: 2009-2015

項(xiàng)目/Project: 人文科學(xué)館/Maison des Sciences Humaines

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects: Tatiana Fabeck, ABSCIS

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Civil Engineering: B.E.S.T.

技術(shù)工程/Technical Engineering: BETIC, Boydens

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 2.6hm2

造價(jià)/Cost: 6740萬(wàn)歐元/67.4M EUR

設(shè)計(jì)與施工時(shí)間/Period of Design and Realisation: 2010-2015

項(xiàng)目/Project: 圖書館/Maison du Livre

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects: Hermann & Valentiny et associés

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Civil Engineering: Bollinger und Grohmann

技術(shù)工程/Technical Engineering: RMC Consulting

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 1.5hm2

造價(jià)/Cost: 5950萬(wàn)歐元/59.5M EUR

設(shè)計(jì)與施工時(shí)間/Period of Design and Realisation: 2013-2018

項(xiàng)目/Project: 數(shù)字大廈（藝術(shù)與學(xué)生樓）/Maison du Nombre (Maison des Arts des Etudiants)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects: Witry & Witry, Atelier d'architecture et de design Jim Clemes

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Civil Engineering: INCA

技術(shù)工程/Technical Engineering: Jean Schmit Engineering

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 2.7hm2

造價(jià)/Cost: 8300萬(wàn)歐元/83M EUR

設(shè)計(jì)與施工時(shí)間/Period of Design and Realisation: 2013-2018

項(xiàng)目/Project: 生物技術(shù)樓/Le Batiment Biotech

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects: WW+ architektur + management

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Civil Engineering: GK Engineering

技術(shù)工程/Technical Engineering: Luxengineering Bevilacqua& Associés

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 0.3hm2

造價(jià)/Cost: 770萬(wàn)歐元/7.7M EUR

設(shè)計(jì)與施工時(shí)間/Period of Design and Realisation: 2009-2011

項(xiàng)目/Project: 企業(yè)孵化器/l'incubateur d'entreprises

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects: Arlette Schneiders Architectes

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Civil Engineering: Simon & Christiansen Ingénieurs-Conseils

技術(shù)工程/Technical Engineering: SIT-LUX

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 0.5hm2

造價(jià)/Cost: 1300萬(wàn)歐元/13M EUR

設(shè)計(jì)與施工時(shí)間/Period of Design and Realisation: 2007-2012

項(xiàng)目/Project: 新創(chuàng)公司/Maison de l'Innovation

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects: BSARC Bourguignon Siebenaler

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Civil Engineering: Greisch

技術(shù)工程/Technical Engineering: BETIC

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 1.3hm2

造價(jià)/Cost: 3670萬(wàn)歐元/36.7M EUR

設(shè)計(jì)與施工時(shí)間/Period of Design and Realisation: 2012-2015

項(xiàng)目/Project: 行政大樓/Le Batiment Administratif

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects: Bruck & Weckerle Architekten

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Civil Engineering: T6- Ney & Partners

技術(shù)工程/Technical Engineering: EKOplan

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 1.8hm2

造價(jià)/Cost: 5710萬(wàn)歐元/57.1M EUR

設(shè)計(jì)與施工時(shí)間/Period of Design and Realisation: 2009-2013

項(xiàng)目/Project: 搖滾音樂(lè)廳/La Rockhal

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects: Atelier d'architecture BENG

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Civil Engineering: IC LUX

技術(shù)工程/Technical Engineering: SIT-LUX

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 1.6hm2

造價(jià)/Cost: 2960萬(wàn)歐元/29.6M EUR

設(shè)計(jì)與施工時(shí)間/Period of Design and Realisation: 2003-2005

4 人文科學(xué)館外景/Exterior view of Maison des Sciences Humaines

5 多樣化的一角/Diversity

6 知識(shí)大廈與城市森林廣場(chǎng)/Maison du Savoir and urban forest square

7 知識(shí)大廈的前景為大學(xué)餐廳/View of Maison du Savoir -foreground university restaurant

8 新創(chuàng)公司外景/Exterior view of Maison de l'Innovation

9 高爐盛會(huì)/Blast furnace festival

10 夜景/Nocturne

評(píng)論

張鵬舉：貝爾瓦爾科學(xué)城通過(guò)近20年的發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)了由工業(yè)之城向科技之城的身份轉(zhuǎn)換，這種轉(zhuǎn)換雖然在功能上是脫胎換骨的，但在精神上卻保持了一種完美的延續(xù)：延續(xù)的，除了工業(yè)遺跡所帶來(lái)的那些紀(jì)念性的歷史片段和巨構(gòu)性的空間景觀，更令人感動(dòng)的，是新舊建筑物間各自努力要表現(xiàn)的那些金屬的質(zhì)感。最終，在工業(yè)與科技碰撞下，不同時(shí)代的金屬碎片共譜了一首關(guān)于“時(shí)間”的金屬樂(lè)，一定程度上貝爾瓦爾科學(xué)城延續(xù)的是對(duì)于“搖滾精神”的共鳴。

張杰：將大學(xué)和科研單位與老舊工廠的改造結(jié)合可能是后工業(yè)景觀中最令設(shè)計(jì)者神往的，貝爾瓦爾工業(yè)荒地改造項(xiàng)目就提供了這樣一個(gè)絕佳的機(jī)會(huì)。設(shè)計(jì)以廢舊的高爐為地標(biāo)形成科學(xué)城的廣場(chǎng)，使知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)與當(dāng)代搖滾樂(lè)碰撞在一起。這無(wú)疑是我們這個(gè)時(shí)代最獨(dú)特的場(chǎng)景之一。突出生態(tài)功能的景觀設(shè)計(jì)讓有些“恐怖的”工業(yè)場(chǎng)景成為人們思考的對(duì)象。

11 圖書館外景/Exterior view of Maison du Livre

12 圖書館內(nèi)景/Interior view of Maison du Livre

Comments

ZHANG Pengju: With 20 year's development, the Cité des Sciences in Belval has accomplished its identity transformation from an industrial city to the city of technology. Although such a transformation can be considered as rebirth in terms of its functionality,its spirit perfectly remains and continues. This continuation is not only about the monumental piece of history of the industrial remains and the huge spatial landscape, but also the texture of the metals from both new and old buildings. Eventually, as a result of the interaction between industrial engineering and science & technology, the metal chips from different ages have composed a piece of metal music about "Time". To a certain extent, the continuation of the Cité des Sciences in Belval can be regarded as a resonance for "Rock and Roll Spirit". (Translated by Dandan Wang)

ZHANG Jie: Combining universities and research institutes with the transformation of old factories is perhaps the most fascinating thing for designers in the post-industrial landscape, and the industrial wasteland of Belval offers such an opportunity. The project takes the old blast furnace as the landmark to form a square of the Cité des Sciences, so that the knowledge economy collides with the contemporary rock music,which is undoubtedly one of the most unique scenes of our age. Landscape design that emphasises ecological functions makes some "horrible" industrial scenes become the object of people's thinking. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)