unless、as soon as與so... that...

楊嵐

unless、as soon as和so... that...都是連詞，它們各自都可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)不同的狀語(yǔ)從句。

◎用法梳理

◆unless從句

unless意為“除非;如果不”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示否定意義，相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的否定形式，即“if... not...”。例如：

We will go on a picnic this weekend unless it rains. =If it doesnt rain， we will go on a picnic this weekend. 如果這個(gè)周末不下雨，我們將會(huì)去野餐。

Unless he allows me to leave， I cant leave here. 如果他不允許我離開，我不能離開這里。

◆as soon as從句

as soon as意為“一……就……”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示主句動(dòng)作緊接著從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生。例如：

Mary turned on the TV as soon as she got home. 瑪麗一到家就打開了電視。

They will start as soon as Robert arrives. 羅伯特一到他們就動(dòng)身。

【知識(shí)拓展】

1.通常情況下，在含有unless或as soon as的復(fù)合句中，如果主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)或主句的謂語(yǔ)部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，它們引導(dǎo)的從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

2.在復(fù)合句中，unless或as soon as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。當(dāng)從句位于主句之前時(shí)，常用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。

◆so... that...從句

so... that...意為“如此……以至于……”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。常見結(jié)構(gòu)為“so + 形容詞/副詞 + that從句”和“so + 形容詞 + a / an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that從句”。例如：

He was so excited that he couldnt say a word. 他如此興奮以至于一句話也說(shuō)不出來(lái)了。

Helen sang so well that everybody cheered her. 海倫唱得如此好，以至于每個(gè)人都為她喝彩。

It is so interesting a book that I want to read it again. 這本書如此有趣，以至于我還想再讀一遍。

【知識(shí)拓展】

1.so... that...有時(shí)可與too... to...和... enough to...結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，通常分為下面兩種情況：

（1）如果that引導(dǎo)的從句是否定句，且主句和從句的主語(yǔ)相同，那么so... that...可轉(zhuǎn)換為too... to...結(jié)構(gòu);如果從句和主句的主語(yǔ)不同，so... that...則可轉(zhuǎn)換為too... for sb. to...結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

He is so young that he cant do it. →

He is too young to do it.

Tom spoke so fast that we could hardly follow him. →

Tom spoke too fast for us to follow.

（2）如果that引導(dǎo)的從句是肯定句，且主句和從句的主語(yǔ)相同，那么so... that...可轉(zhuǎn)換為

... enough to...結(jié)構(gòu);如果從句和主句的主語(yǔ)不同，so... that...則可轉(zhuǎn)換為... enough for sb. to...結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

Her brother is so strong that he can move the heavy box. →

Her brother is strong enough to move the heavy box.

The problem is so easy that all the students can work it out.→

The problem is easy enough for all the students to work it out.

2.such... that...也意為“如此……以至于……”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有“such + a / an + 形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that從句”和“such +形容詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句”。例如：

It is such an interesting movie that I have seen it three times. 這部電影如此有趣，以至于我看了三遍。

It was such fine weather yesterday that we went boating. 昨天天氣很好，我們便去劃船了。

【溫馨提示】當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞是many、 much、 few、 little時(shí)，such要改為so，即“so + many / much / few / little+名詞+ that從句”。例如：

There was so much work to do that everybody got bored. 有這么多的工作要做，人人都感到厭煩了。

3.so that意為“以便……;為了……”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中常含有can、 may等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。so that還可以表示“因此;所以”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，在so that前可以使用逗號(hào)。例如：

Jim studies hard so that he can go to a good senior school. 吉姆努力學(xué)習(xí)以便能考上好的高中。

Yesterday morning he got up early， so that he caught the first bus. 昨天早晨他起得很早，因此他趕上了早班車。

◎中考鏈接

1.In summer， food will go bad quickly we put it into a fridge.

【2018·蘭州中考題】

A.if? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B.unless

C.as soon as? ? ? ?D.while

【答案與解析】B 句意：在夏天，我們要把食物放進(jìn)冰箱，否則食物很快就會(huì)壞。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，在夏天要想食物不變壞，就要把它放進(jìn)冰箱里。unless相當(dāng)于if... not...，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.She stopped talking her mother came into the room.

【2018·宜賓中考題】

A.as soon as

B.unless

C.though

【答案與解析】A 句意：她的母親一進(jìn)房間，她就停止了談話。根據(jù)句意可知此處要用表示“一……就……”的as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。故選A項(xiàng)。

3.—What a mess！ The sharing bikes are thrown everywhere.

—Lets collect and put them in the right place they can be used conveni?

ently.

【2018·東營(yíng)中考題】

A.unless B.so that

C.because? ? ? ? ? ? ?D.so long as

【答案與解析】B 句意：——真是一團(tuán)糟！共享單車被丟得到處都是。——讓我們把它們收集起來(lái)放在合適的地方，這樣就可以被方便地使用了。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用表示“以便;為了”的so that來(lái)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。故選B項(xiàng)。

4.—Harry Potter is an interesting novel I want to read it again.

—I agree with you.

【2018·咸寧中考題】

A.so; that? ? ? ? ? ? ? B.too; to

C.such; that? ? ? ? ? ?D.as; as

【答案與解析】C 句意：——《哈利·波特》是一本如此有趣的小說(shuō)，我還想再讀一遍。——我同意你的看法。第二個(gè)空白處后面是一個(gè)句子，排除B、D項(xiàng)。novel是名詞，排除A項(xiàng)。故選C項(xiàng)。

5.He felt surprised that he couldnt say a word with his mouth wide open.

【2016·內(nèi)江中考題】

A.very? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B.such

C.so? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D.too

【答案與解析】C very和too后面不能接句子，排除A、D項(xiàng)。surprised是形容詞，應(yīng)用so修飾。故選C項(xiàng)。

◎自我檢測(cè)

Ⅰ.選擇正確的答案填空。

1.Tina is nervous she cant talk in front of the class.

A.such; that

B.too; to

C.so; that

D.enough; to

2.Your dream will not come true

you keep trying your best.

A.when? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B.unless

C.whether? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D.because

3.—Did you catch the early bus this morning？

—Yes. The bus started to move

I got on it.

A.though? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B.before

C.as soon as? ? ? ? ? ? ?D.ever since

4.I looked through the test paper again and again I wouldnt make any mistakes.

A.if? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B.because

C.even though? ? ? ? ? ?D.so that

Ⅱ.按要求完成下列句子。每空一詞。

1.I cant give you any money unless you tell me what you want to buy. （改為同義句）

I cant give you any money you tell me what you want to buy.

2.He is so young that he cant look after himself. （改為簡(jiǎn)單句）

He is young

after himself.

3.The boy saved money in order to buy his mother a present. （改為復(fù)合句）

The boy saved money

he could buy his mother a present.

（答案見第64頁(yè)）