高三復(fù)習(xí)定語從句的一些注意事項(xiàng)

定語從句是高中，乃至所有英語學(xué)習(xí)階段的必須要掌握的語法，是學(xué)習(xí)其它從句的先決條件。掌握了定語從句，我們分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力就會(huì)提高，從而不但語法題的得分會(huì)提高，完形、閱讀理解的中出現(xiàn)的長(zhǎng)難句的理解也會(huì)迎刃而解，更不用說在寫作時(shí)，我們使用它能寫出很多漂亮的句子來了。那對(duì)于高三學(xué)生來講應(yīng)該怎樣復(fù)習(xí)定語從句呢？我想，如大家能記住如下幾個(gè)注意點(diǎn)，考試應(yīng)該不在有問題了。

定語從句的注意事項(xiàng)：

1.結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+句子 （先看先行詞，再看從句中缺什么成分，最后確定什么關(guān)系詞）。

2.關(guān)系代詞 who， whom， which， that， whose， as.

關(guān)系副詞 when， where， why.

注意：what ，how， whether 不引導(dǎo)定語從句。

3.關(guān)系代詞的省略。

（1）關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，可以省略。

1）This is the factory （which/that）your father once worked in.

2）關(guān)系代詞在限定性定語從句中作表語時(shí)可以省略， 如果不省，不管先行詞是人還是物，用that.

He is no longer the boy （that）he was ten years ago.

3）定語從句中如有be 動(dòng)詞，那就可以省略作主語的關(guān)系代詞和be 動(dòng)詞。有時(shí)，如定語從句中的動(dòng)詞是個(gè)連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則關(guān)系代詞省略，動(dòng)詞改為此動(dòng)詞的ing形式。

Do you know the person who is talking to your sister at the gate？

= Do you know the person __________to your sister at the gate？

4.關(guān)系代詞只能用that的情況。

（1）關(guān)系代詞是不定代詞all， everything， anything， much， little， nothing， none， etc.

（2）先行詞被the only， just the ， the very， all， any， much， few， little， no，等修飾時(shí)。

（3）先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容詞的最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí)。

（4）先行詞既有人又有物。

（5）當(dāng)主句是以who 或which 開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)（為避免重復(fù)）。

（6）從句中缺表語（不管先行詞是人還是物 ）。

（7）在the way后面，有三種情況：可用that， in which或省略。

5.關(guān)系代詞在從句中用作主語時(shí)，多用who 較少用that。

（1）關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語 A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.

（2）先行詞為those ， anyone ，all， ones ， one ，people 時(shí)

Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth .

（3）在There be句型中 There is a stranger who wants to see you .

（4）在被分隔的定語從句中 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German .

（5）在有兩個(gè)定語從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that，但若先行詞后接兩個(gè)以上的并列定語從句時(shí)，后一個(gè)必須重復(fù)前一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞。The student ____ was praised at the meeting is the monitor _____is very modest and studies very hard .

There is a teacher _______ is always ready to help others and ______ enjoys what he does .

6.關(guān)系代詞as 的用法。

（1）as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。在the same——as； such——as； as——as ； so——as 結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示同類異物

I have got the same dictionary __________ you have.

區(qū)別：

He is so nice a student ______ we all like him.

He is so nice a student ______ we all like.

注意：有時(shí)用這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)”the same--- that” 表示同類同物。

This is the same pen _______I lost yesterday. Please return it to me.

He didnt take the pen， because it was only the same pen _____ he had lost.

（2）as 可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面整個(gè)句子，往往放在主句的前面，也可中間或后面。從句多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)， as is the case （像往常一樣），as is expected （正如所料）

The Changjiang River， ______ you know， is the third longest river in the world.

（3）區(qū)別：

______ is known to all， he is a great writer.

_______is known to all that he is a great writer.

_______is known to all is that he is a great writer.

7.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前缺少先行詞時(shí)，需要用the one 來充當(dāng)先行詞。這時(shí)要通過“還原法”——將問句變成陳述句，就看得清了。

（1）Is this book _______ _______you lent him yesterday？

（2）Is this the book _________was borrowed from the library？

8.定語從句中主謂一致問題。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。

Peter is one of the students who ______ French， but the only one of the students who _____ German in our school.（know）

9.如果先行詞是人，但指的是人的品質(zhì)，職業(yè)，此時(shí)不用who 或whom， 而用which.

John is a painter， _______ I should also like to be.

10.先行詞是表時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因的名詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞不一定都用關(guān)系副詞 例如：

（1）This is the mountain village ___________ I visited last year.

（2）This is the mountain village ___________I stayed last year.

11.非限制性定語從句不能用that引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)詞不管在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分，都不省。

as 和which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：

（1）He loves his son very much， ________make his daughter sad.

（2）_______ is reported in the newspaper， Chairman Xi will have a visit to Russia.

（3）The respectable expert should be so rude to his wife， ________ we didnt expect.

12.由介詞+關(guān)系代詞構(gòu)成的定語從句。

（1）關(guān)系副詞when=on which ， where=in which， why=for which

Do you know the street _____ _______Li Fang lives？

（2）whose+n.=the +n. +of whom/of which =of whom/of which +the +n.

如：The house whose window faces south belongs to my aunt.

=The house _____ ______ _____ _____ faces south belongs to my aunt.

（3）表示“所屬”關(guān)系some of whom/which； two-thirds of whom/which；

the rest of whom/which； 20% of which / whom

There are 30 boys in my class. Most boys are left in the classroom， the rest _____ _____ ______ gone to the playground.

注意：of which/ whom 可放到前面來，如：29% of which =of which 29%。

（4）介詞+關(guān)系代詞+n.

如：in which case； during which time； by which time； for which reason等。

His brother will come to see him tomorrow， _______ ________ ________I can turn to him for help.（這樣的話）

（5）定語從句中一些不及物動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配，可以放在關(guān)系代詞前面，也可放原來的位置上。

如：He is the only person _____ _____ I can turn for help.（向——求助）

注意：1）介詞不能省略，which， whom 不能被that ，who 替代。2）介詞后面加關(guān)系代詞，但有時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞，特別是from where， since when I got to the top of the mountain， from ______ I could see the sun rising .3）如果主句的主語和定語從句的主語是一致的話，那么介詞+關(guān)系代詞+to do 代替定語從句。

如：I have two dollars with which I can buy a coffee.

=I have two dollars with which to buy a coffee.

13.如句中既缺主語又缺賓語，那就要看先行詞代替主語還是賓語，另一個(gè)用代詞it替代。

The war and the suffering _______ caused affected him greatly.

以上這些點(diǎn)是每個(gè)學(xué)生在平時(shí)的作業(yè)中或多或少疏忽的，如大家對(duì)上面的各個(gè)點(diǎn)能融會(huì)貫通地掌握，無論定語從句以什么形式考查我們，大家得高分都是輕而易舉的事。

【作者簡(jiǎn)介】朱莉（1968-），女，江蘇省啟東中學(xué)，本科，中學(xué)高級(jí)教師，研究方向：高中英語語法。