如何在各個板塊中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的“說”的能力

當(dāng)今世界，社會生活的信息化和經(jīng)濟(jì)活動的全球化使外語，特別是英語，日益成為我國對外開放和與各國交往的重要工具。可是，現(xiàn)在中學(xué)英語教學(xué)仍存在這樣一種現(xiàn)象：教師滔滔不絕地向?qū)W生講授語法知識，然后進(jìn)行大量的題型訓(xùn)練。結(jié)果學(xué)生考試時立即兩眼發(fā)光，一旦開口，立馬變成“啞巴 ”。

英語是一門語言，是用來交際的，所以口語能力的表達(dá)顯得尤為重要。那么應(yīng)如何在各個板塊中滲透培養(yǎng)學(xué)生英語口語能力呢？

一、在COMIC STRIP和WELCOME TO THE UNIT 板塊中創(chuàng)造良好氛圍，使學(xué)生對口語產(chǎn)生興趣

說的過程是一個主動、積極表達(dá)的過程。作為英語教師，必須深入研究如何調(diào)動學(xué)生說英語的主動性、積極性，讓學(xué)生愿意開口并大膽地說英語。如八（上）第五單元，話題為WILD ANIMALS，我們可以先從WELCOME TO THE UNIT 入手，呈現(xiàn)一個個動物的可愛形象，Who can describe their appearances？ For example ，fur， tails，body，and so on. 大概安靜了十秒鐘后，一雙雙小手舉起來了，Dolphings are grey. They have small eyes and a little big head. They seem to have smoothy skin.but I am not sure. If I have a chance， I want to feel it.oh ，I am afraid. Maybe I dont dare to do it. Squirrels are a little small. They have big tails and small bodies.Their fur is a little soft. I have felt it. It makes me feel comfortable. Its true. They have two big teeth， they make them look a little ugly. I dont like that. They are so small that you cant find them easily when they are in the tree， if you are not careful enough. 下面的話題內(nèi)容就更多了，What is your favourite animal？ Why？ 課堂上像炸開了鍋，同學(xué)們立即與自己的partners用英語熱烈的談?wù)撈饋怼?/p>

二、在Reading中通過interview和report的方式讓學(xué)生“活”起來

在八上第五單元的Reading（2）中，我先通過interview的方式，分別對XiWang， XiWangs mother， hunter， farmer， the officer 進(jìn)行interview， 詳細(xì)而又傳神地了解他們的情況。 一個神氣活現(xiàn)的記者上場了，XIWANG is not a baby panda any more， he is a strong and handsome boy panda.

S1： Hello， Mr Xiwang ， can you introduce yourself？

Xiwang ： Ok. I heard that when I was born， I looked like a white mouse. When I was four months old， I weighed about eight kilograms and I started to go outside for the first time. I saw the big and green bamboo forest. It smells nice. I wanted to have a taste. But my mother said that I was not old enough to eat it. I drank my mothers milk for six months. After that.，I began to eat the bamboo roots and bamboo leaves. When I was one year old， I weighed over 35 kilograms. I am so strong. Eight months later， I have to look after myself because my mother had another baby.（動作夸張的描述）My mother did so much for me，she worked so hard that I thanked her very much. I will look after her when she was old.（思想品德教育效果達(dá)到了，同學(xué)們沉思后鼓掌）。Ts： Xiwangs mother first smiled at xiwang but then she was very sad.why ？

XiWangs mother ： I bore four chilren ，but only Xiwang grow up. I was so sad.（crying）. Whats more， Xiwangs father died because a hunter killed him.（小家伙們立即對獵人怒目相似）They said that his fur is very expensive.They will sell it to the businessman to make clothes.（crying louder） This morning ，I found two farmers to my home .They made my home smaller to get more space for crops. The bamboo forest is becoming smaller too. I cant find enough food to eat .（cry again）同學(xué)們紛紛譴責(zé)農(nóng)民和獵人，保護(hù)野生動物的主題達(dá)到了。

三、在GRAMMAR板塊中，根據(jù)所學(xué)的語法內(nèi)容結(jié)合本單元的話題說句子或說短文，來鍛煉學(xué)生的英語口語能力

在8B的第一單元中，我們學(xué)習(xí)的語法現(xiàn)象為 present perfect tense，學(xué)生在了解學(xué)習(xí)和鞏固完這個語法現(xiàn)象后，開始進(jìn)入造句階段?！癐 have lived in Yangzhou for five years.”，“My grangfather has already died .”， “Mr L i has visited Japan.”，“Jiangshuang has cleaned the classroom.”， “He has made the same mistake for many times.”...學(xué)生對該語法的句子結(jié)構(gòu)熟悉后，我要求他們一次性的說出一個小段落出來，Last week ， I saw a film . It is very interesting . I like it very much. But this morning ，my cousin asked me to see the film again. So I said to him ： “ sorry ，I have seen it . I dont want to see it any more. ” “Fourteen years ago， I was born.I came to this world. I lived near a small river. Now I still live near the small river. I have lived near the small river for fourteen years. ”學(xué)生在說句子的過程中，既對語法知識有了深刻的理解，又鍛煉了英語表達(dá)能力，真是一舉兩得。

四、充分利用INTEGRATED SKILLS的聽力材料，讓學(xué)生對所聽內(nèi)容進(jìn)行消化 ，并發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)

在學(xué)習(xí)8B UNIT2 的INTEGRATED SKILLS 中，第一部分是通過兩段錄音了解Kitty，Simon，Sandy，Daniel，Millie 最喜歡的地方和參觀最佳時間。聽完錄音完成書上的練習(xí)，我讓學(xué)生扮演一個角色 ，談自己的最喜歡的地方，并向同學(xué)們介紹最佳時間，景點(diǎn)特色，以及自己的感受。I am kitty， I like theme parks best. I want to visit the Window of the World in Shenzhen and Hongkong Disneyland. After I learnt the reading， I want to visit it very much. If Ican go there，first I will have fun on Space Mountain ， I want to scream and laugh through the ride. Second， I will watch the parade of the disney cartoon characters. I will take photos with Snow White. She is so beautiful. Third， I will watch a 4-D film. I want to know if it was like the magic. And I also want to know if I can smell the apple pie and feel the wind. Of course， I will watch the fireworks in front of the sleeping beauty castle.It looks so beautiful.

SPEAK UP 是一個以說為主要任務(wù)的板塊，說的內(nèi)容就更多了。

五、STUDY SKILLS可以要求孩子們自己編寫小故事，來活學(xué)活用所學(xué)內(nèi)容

在8B UNIT5 的STUDY SKILLS中，在充分的介紹并練習(xí)習(xí)語后， 我對同學(xué)們說，F(xiàn)irst please choose your favorite saying and then make a story to explain it .

S1： Our headmaster is very strict with us. We are very afraid to her. When we see her， we will run away. But one day， she went to another school to study and we were very happy. We sang a lot of songs. We even danced. As it says： When the cat is away，the mice will play.

S2： My neighbour works very hard. He decides to go to Yangzhou Middle School for further study. Every morning he gets up very early to recite chinese and English. He listens carefully to his teachers in class. He stays up late at night to do some exercises. He makes great progress and finally he achieves his dream. As it says： no pain，no gain.

六、在Task 中，可以給學(xué)生一篇符合本課內(nèi)容的話題，先讓學(xué)生“說”作文

以8B unit的task話題為例。

這些年以來，灣頭鎮(zhèn)發(fā)生了很多變化。

（環(huán)境方面） 過去小鎮(zhèn)上只有骯臟而又狹窄的馬路，街上到處都是垃圾。 小攤小販占據(jù)著路的兩邊?，F(xiàn)在，街道干凈而又寬敞，兩邊綠樹成蔭，小鳥兒在樹上開心的唱歌。政府在開闊的空地建了許多大的購物中心，如大潤發(fā)。

（生活方面） 很多年以前，人們住在低矮的小房子里，現(xiàn)在大部分人都搬進(jìn)了新的公寓。他們過去在他們的閑暇時間只能聽收音機(jī)和看電視，現(xiàn)在大部分家庭有了電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)。而且，手機(jī)使交流變得更簡單。

（交通方面）過去，人們只能步行或騎自行車環(huán)繞城鎮(zhèn)，現(xiàn)在他們可以乘汽車或打的。很多家庭甚至有了自己的小汽車。

現(xiàn)在人們正享受著一種舒適的生活。

老師可以做個有心人，把學(xué)生所說的作文錄下來，請同學(xué)們?nèi)シ磸?fù)的檢查，糾正。

只要學(xué)生對英語口語感興趣，就會主動參與口語的訓(xùn)練，逐漸形成習(xí)慣。在練口語過程中，教師盡量不要打斷學(xué)生。至于語法上的錯誤，口語操練結(jié)束后委婉地提醒并重復(fù)訓(xùn)練。

初中生英語口語能力的培養(yǎng)是個系統(tǒng)工程，只有創(chuàng)造良好的口語表達(dá)氛圍，激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣，樹立信心，采取行之有效的訓(xùn)練方法，持之以恒的練習(xí)，才能不斷鞏固提高英語口語表意功能。

【作者簡介】雍志梅，江蘇揚(yáng)州湯汪中學(xué)。