彌異所與千城萬(wàn)貌

朱文一 / ZHU Wenyi

朱文一（清華大學(xué)）

ZHU Wenyi, Tsinghua University, China

1 彌異所

30年前，我研究空間時(shí)，讀到墨子關(guān)于空間的論述?！笆兀ㄓ睿?，彌異所也?！币庵浮皷|西家南北”。這是中國(guó)文化語(yǔ)境下的“場(chǎng)所”概念。場(chǎng)所強(qiáng)調(diào)人的空間，所謂“詩(shī)意的棲居”。而彌異所也強(qiáng)調(diào)人的空間，準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)是“家”的空間。中國(guó)文化語(yǔ)境中的人更多地體現(xiàn)為“家”。我在《院的本質(zhì)與文化內(nèi)涵》一文中闡述了“彌異所”與“場(chǎng)所”的異同。彌異所一詞的關(guān)鍵是“異所”，即處于不同位置的空間。彌異所強(qiáng)調(diào)空間的差異性、地方性和識(shí)別性；關(guān)注空間中不同人群的活動(dòng)；體現(xiàn)活動(dòng)與空間的匹配關(guān)系。這是彌異所概念的闡釋。

2 千城萬(wàn)貌

近年來(lái)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)上興起網(wǎng)紅打卡地。每一個(gè)地區(qū)、每一座城市都有自己的網(wǎng)紅打卡地。民間對(duì)空間品質(zhì)追求的熱情“躍然網(wǎng)上”。網(wǎng)紅打卡地不僅吸引外地游客，同樣也受到當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦南矏?ài)，成為城市豐富性、多樣性和識(shí)別性的直接體現(xiàn)。可以認(rèn)為，每一處網(wǎng)紅打卡地都很好地詮釋了彌異所的精神。

針對(duì)目前城市發(fā)展過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的千城一面困局，網(wǎng)紅打卡地的出現(xiàn)如一縷清風(fēng)，從非專業(yè)的角度給出了打破千城一面困局的一劑藥方。由此可以對(duì)“彌異所”進(jìn)行再闡釋。彌異所是時(shí)代性、地方性和識(shí)別性的代名詞，可以理解為：第一，給人帶來(lái)震撼感的場(chǎng)所，所謂意料之外、全新呈現(xiàn)；第二，給人帶來(lái)代入感的場(chǎng)所，所謂情理之中、參與其中；第三，給人帶來(lái)既視感的場(chǎng)所，所謂似曾相識(shí)、流連忘返。

這樣的彌異所多了，千城一面就可能變成千城萬(wàn)貌。這是《城市設(shè)計(jì)》期刊[千城萬(wàn)貌]（City Kaleido）欄目設(shè)置的初衷和目標(biāo)。本期刊登了中國(guó)15個(gè)城市的彌異所（001—015）。

3 “彌異所”

今天，以彌異所命名的學(xué)術(shù)研究小組“彌異所”（英文為MiYiSuo Group）成立了?！皬洰愃币龅氖虑椋阂皇且猿鞘性O(shè)計(jì)為視角，整合建筑、規(guī)劃、景觀、藝術(shù)等不同專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，建立跨界的設(shè)計(jì)眼光及其平臺(tái)；二是遵循“高手在民間”，從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)網(wǎng)紅打卡地中發(fā)掘城市中自發(fā)形成的彌異所，所謂沒(méi)有建筑師的建筑，填補(bǔ)城市設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域的研究空白;三是結(jié)合網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，搭建專業(yè)與民眾之間的橋梁，探索全民參與城市空間品質(zhì)提升平臺(tái)。

“彌異所”將是圖像數(shù)據(jù)的平臺(tái)、交流互動(dòng)的平臺(tái)、觀點(diǎn)分享的平臺(tái)。

1 Miyisuo

Thirty years ago, when I was studying urban space, I read about Mozi’s discussion of space. “Space is consists of different places.” It means the East, the West, the South,the North around home. This is the concept of “place” in the context of Chinese culture.The place emphasizes the space of people,the so-called “poetic dwelling”. The Miyisuo also emphasizes the space of people, which is precisely the space of “home”. People in the Chinese cultural context are more embodied in the “home”. In the article “The Nature and Cultural Connotation of the Courtyard”,I expounded the similarities and differences between “Miyisuo” and “place”. The key to the word disparity is “extraordinary”, that is,space in different positions. Miyisuo emphasizes the difference, locality and identity of space; pays attention to the activities of different groups of people in space; reflects the matching relationship between activities and space. This is the interpretation of the concept of the Miyisuo.

2 City Kaleido

In recent years, there has been some places recognized by people on internet like online celebrity, so called as Online Celebrity Place. Every region and every city has its Online Celebrity Place, The Online Celebrity Place not only attract tourists from outside,but also fascinate local residents and become direct reflections of the city's richness,diversity and identity. In my opinion, such places like City Kaleido are good interpretation of the spirit of Miyisuo.

There are more lost spaces in the modern cities that people can not identify where they are. The Online Celebrity Place are changing and stimulating the lost spaces to active spaces where people love to go. This makes it possible to reinterpret the “Miyisuo”, which can be understood as this：first,places that give people a sense of shock, socalled unexpected and new presentations;second, places that give people a sense of substitution, so-called rationality, participation in it; third, places that bring people a"deja vu", so-called “already seen”.

The more such a place is, the more beautiful the city with its identity is. This is the original intention and goal of the column City Kaleido of the “Urban Design” journal.There are 15 MiYiSuo Places (001—015) in Chinese cities respectively in this issue of the journal.

3MiYiSuo Group

Today, the academic research group Mi-YiSuo Group is established. What should people do in MiYiSuo Group are like this：First,from the perspective of urban design, you should integrate different fields of architecture, planning, landscape, art, etc., and establish a cross-border design vision and its platform; second, from the thousands of Online Celebrity Place, you can discover the spontaneously formed disparity in the city, so-called buildings without architect. The third is to build a relationship between professionals and the public on internet. It explores the platform for quality improvement of urban space in which all people participate.

MiYiSuo will be a platform for data information, a platform for exchange and interaction, and a platform for sharing ideas.