閱讀理解

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

（一）

Study Says No TV on a School Night

A new study suggests that watching TV or playing video games on weeknights can hurt a students performance in school. Do you sometimes put off tackling homework on a school-night to watch TV？ A new study says that middle school students who watch TV or play video games during the week do worse in school.

The study also says that watching TV and playing video games on the weekends doesnt affect school performance that much. “On weekdays， the more they watched， the worse they did，” said Dr. Iman Sharif of Childrens Hospital at Montefiore in New York. Sharif co-authored the study. “They could watch a lot on weekends and it didnt seem to correlate with doing worse in school.”

The study appears in the October of 2006 issue of Pediatrics[小兒科]. Researchers drew their conclusions after surveying 4，500 students in New Hampshire and Vermont middle schools. To reach their findings， researchers didnt look at grades or test scores. Instead， they asked students to rate their own performance on a scale ranging from “excellent” to “below average.”

Other studies have found a connection between kids ability to learn and the amount of TV they watch. One study even found that kids with televisions in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than kids without. Whats a kid to do？ The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that kids watch no more than two hours a day of “quality” TV and that televisions be kept out of childrens rooms. Weekend viewing should be kept to a maximum of four hours each day.

1. It can be inferred that the middle school students_____.

A. who do watch TV or play video games on weekdays do worse in school.

B. who watch TV or play video games on the weekends do worse in school.

C. who dont watch TV or play video games on the weekends do worse in school.

D. who dont watch TV or play video games during the week do worse in school.

2. The underlined word “correlate” in the second paragraph might mean_____.

A. quarrel

B. trouble

C. connect

D. burden

3. Researchers drew their conclusions watching TV or playing video games on that weeknights can hurt a students performance in school_____.

A. by checking the students grades

B. by giving the students a test.

C. by asking students to decide their own performance on a scale

D. by asking the students teachers for the result

4. What measure might be accepted by the parents？

A. Putting the TV in their childrens bed rooms and letting them watch by themselves.

B. Keeping the TV out of their childrens bed rooms and allowing them watching good TV programs no more than 2 hours.

C. Letting their children watch TV 4 hours a day.

D. Preventing them from watching TV from Monday to Friday and only allowing them watch TV on weekends.

（二）

All seafood will run out in 2050，

say scientists

The worlds stocks of seafood will have collapsed by 2050 at present rates of destruction by fishing， scientists said on Nov. 2， 2006. By 2048， to be exact， catches of all the presently fished seafoods will have declined on average by more than 90 per cent since 1950. The study says the loss of biodiversity cut down the ability of oceans to feed the worlds growing human population—expected to rise by 50 per cent to nine billion in 2050.

Over-fishing also destroys the stability of marine environments， largely reducing the oceans ability to produce seafood， resist diseases， filter pollutants and rebound from stresses such as climate change. And every species matters when it comes to the oceans ability to repair itself， says the study.

Dr Boris Worm， of Dalhousie University， Nova Scotia， the lead author， said： “This is what is projected， not predicted， to happen. I am confident we will not go there because we will do something about it. But if this trend continues in this predictable fashion， as it has for the last 50 years， the worlds currently fished seafoods will have reached what we define as collapse by 2048. ”

“Every year a higher percentage of the currently fished stocks has collapsed. We are losing it piece by piece.” Prof Callum Roberts， of the University of York， who was not involved in the study， said： “The animals and plants that inhabit the sea are not merely embellishments[裝飾] to be wondered at. They are essential to the health of the oceans and well-being of human society. We need to ban destructive fishing practices and create a network of large-scale marine reserves around not just Britain， but globally”.

1. According to the passage all seafood will run out in 2050 will_____.

A. make the sea water much fresher and cleaner

B. make it impossible to support more people with the seafood

C. make the whole animals on land die away

D. make the fishermen have more free time to rest

2. What bad result will over-fishing bring to us？

A. Destroying the stability of marine environments.

B. Largely reducing the oceans ability to produce fresh water.

C. Increasing the oceans ability to filter pollutants.

D. Making the ocean have no more capability to repair itself.

3. What is Dr Boris Worms idea about the future of the seafood in the world？

A. All seafood will surely run out in 2050.

B. The seafood will become more and more than now in 2050.

C. Seafoods will not have collapsed if people try their best to protect the ocean.

D. The situation of the seafoods will get much worse than predicted even if people do something about it.

4. How should we do in order to protect the seafood from running out？

A. We should encourage the destructive fishing practices around the world.

B. We should regard the animals and plants that inhabit the sea embellishments to be wondered at.

C. We should create a network of large-range sea reserves around the whole world.

D. We should learn that the animals and plants that inhabit the sea are not necessary to the health of the oceans.

（三）

Sleeping an extra hour will

do your brain good

Early tomorrow morning， the clocks go back to herald Greenwich Mean Time—and that extra hour in bed could do your brain a lot of good， according to a review of research on sleep. Psychologists at the University of Rome pulled together more than 100 studies of the effects of sleep on cognitive tasks and found that staying out of bed for too long can have serious effects on ability to remember and learn new information. For students， they found that a bad nights sleep could even result in worse grades.

In one study， researchers compared health， behaviour， sleep complaints and school performance of normal and poor sleepers. “Twenty-one per cent of poor sleepers failed one or more years at school， while similar problems were observed in just 11% of normal sleepers. Moreover， school achievement difficulties resulted more frequently in poor than in normal sleepers. One of the best predictors for this low school achievement has been identified in childrens fatigue[疲乏]，” said Professor Curcioa.

A study of 3，000 high school students in 1998 showed that students with higher grades reported more total sleep， earlier bedtimes on school nights and less erratic[不穩(wěn)定的] sleep patterns at weekends than students with lower grades.

Another study investigated the effects of total sleep deprivation[剝奪] on students in a laboratory. After 18 hours movement and response times slowed； at 34 hours endurance dropped； at 42 hours activity， balance and power were significantly weakened； at 50 hours speed was affected.

“Recent studies have strengthened the idea that sleep may play an important role in learning and memory， although the extent of this role remains hotly debated，” wrote Giuseppe Curcioa in the journal Sleep Medicine Reviews.

1. What result might the students bad nights sleep lead to？

A. Good grades

B. Good health

C. Bad eyesight

D. Bad grades

2. What statement is true according to the passage？

A. Poor sleepers have the same conditions in school performance as the normal sleepers.

B. The number of the poor sleepers who failed one or more years at school nearly doubles the number of the normal_____ones.

C. The number of the normal sleepers who failed one or more years at school is nearly half that of the poor ones.

D. School achievement difficulties resulted more frequently in normal than in poor sleepers.

3. Which fact hasnt been found in the students with higher grades？

A. Earlier bedtimes on school nights.

B. Less unstable sleep patterns at weekends.

C. More total sleep.

D. More bad and broken sleep.

4. What advice do you think the experts might give us students？

A. The advice from the experts might be “Stay in bed for that extra hour”.

B. The advice from the experts might be “Get up one hour earlier than before”.

C. The advice from the experts might be“Go to bed one hour later than before”.

D. The advice from the experts might be “Sleep the whole day on Sunday”.

答案與解析

（一）

1. 選A。綜合判斷題，第一段結尾談到“一項新的研究說那些在平時看電視或玩電子游戲的人在學校表現(xiàn)糟糕”；第二段第二句話又談到“在平時，看電視時間越長，成績越糟糕。”故答案選A。

2. 選C。猜測詞意題，根據句意“他們可以在周末看很多電視，并且這似乎和在學校表現(xiàn)糟糕沒有什么關系?！?/p>

3. 選C。判斷分析題，文章第三段談到“為了取得他們的結果，研究人員并沒有去看學生成績等級或考試成績。而是讓學生自己評價自己的成績，從‘優(yōu)秀到‘一般以下”。

4. 選B。綜合判斷題，只有選項B與文章最后一段談到的“美國小兒科協(xié)會建議孩子每天看‘優(yōu)秀電視節(jié)目的時間不要超過2個小時，并把電視機搬出孩子的房間”，故答案選B。

（二）

1. 選B。文章第一段結尾談到“準確地說估計到2048年，自1950年以來現(xiàn)在能夠得到的所有魚類海產品的數量將平均下降超過90%。這項研究聲稱多樣性的缺失削弱了海洋為人類日益增長的人口提供食物的可能性”，故答案選B。

2. 選D。綜合判斷題，文章第二段談到“過度捕撈還會破壞海洋環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定性，嚴重減少海洋生產海產品、抵抗疾病、過濾污染物質和從像氣候變化這樣的應力中回彈的可能性。當海洋開始自我修復的時候，每個物種都會發(fā)揮重要作用?！鼻叭齻€選項與談到的事實不符，只有D符合題意。

3. 選C。綜合判斷題，文章第三段新斯科舍省達爾豪斯大學的鮑里斯·沃姆博士說，“……我相信不會出現(xiàn)這種情況的，因為我們正在著手進行這方面的工作。但如果這種趨勢以這種可預測的方式持續(xù)下去的話，到2048年全世界目前的魚類和海產品數量將處于我們所界定的崩潰邊緣?！?/p>

4. 選C。最后一段談到“沒有參加這項研究的約克大學的克盧姆·羅伯茨教授說，‘生長在海洋中的動植物并不僅僅是在起著我們感到驚奇的裝飾作用。它們對于海洋和人類社會的健康發(fā)展都是不可缺少的。我們需要禁止破壞性的捕魚活動，我們不僅要在英國周圍，而且要在全世界建立一個大規(guī)模的海洋保護區(qū)網絡。”只有選項C與所談內容相符，故答案選C。

（三）

1. 選D。細節(jié)題，答案見文章第一段結尾談到“羅馬大學的心理學家就睡眠對認知任務的影響進行了100多次實驗，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)在床上休息的時間太短會對記憶能力和學習新知識產生嚴重影響。對于學生來說，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)夜間睡眠不好甚至會導致學習成績下降?！惫蚀鸢笐xD。

2. 選C。推理判斷題，文章第二段第二句話談到“21%的睡眠不足者在學校一年或更長時間的考試中失敗，而正常睡眠者存在類似問題的比率為11%”，故答案為C。

3. 選D。推理判斷題，文章第3段談到“1998年對3000名高中生進行的研究表明，與那些成績不理想的學生相比，成績更優(yōu)秀的學生會得到更完全的睡眠，在上學期間晚上睡覺更早和周末睡眠更加規(guī)律?！惫蚀鸢高xD。

4. 選A。邏輯推斷題，根據最后一段“最近的研究支持睡眠在學習和記憶方面起著重要作用這一觀點，雖然這種作用的程度還在熱烈地爭論中”可推斷出只有答案A更接近題意。