左飛
[摘要]目的:探討鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子聯(lián)合皮瓣修復(fù)術(shù)治療電燒傷創(chuàng)面的臨床效果。方法:選擇2013年8月-2017年8月筆者醫(yī)院就診的90例電燒傷患者為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)隨機(jī)數(shù)表法分為觀察組(n=46)和對(duì)照組(n=44)。對(duì)照組給予皮瓣修復(fù)術(shù)治療,術(shù)后給予抗生素、維生素B12常規(guī)治療;觀察組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上,聯(lián)合鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子治療。比較兩組圍手術(shù)期情況,治療前、后神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度的變化,感覺(jué)、運(yùn)動(dòng)功能改善情況及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果:觀察組創(chuàng)面愈合時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間、手術(shù)至出院時(shí)間及創(chuàng)面感染發(fā)生率均明顯少于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后半年,兩組感覺(jué)神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度(Sensory nerve conduction velocity,SCV)、運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度(Motor nerve conduction velocity,MCV)均較治療前明顯改善,觀察組SCV、MCV均明顯高于對(duì)照組[(43.84±3.18)m/s vs(39.05±3.02)m/s,(57.30±4.69)m/s vs(50.34±4.22)m/s],差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組感覺(jué)功能優(yōu)良率及運(yùn)動(dòng)功能優(yōu)良率均優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(89.13% vs 70.45%,86.96% vs 68.18%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組不良反應(yīng)總發(fā)生率分別為8.70%和4.55%,組間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:電燒傷創(chuàng)面應(yīng)用鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子聯(lián)合皮瓣修復(fù)術(shù)治療效果顯著,可有效修復(fù)神經(jīng)損傷,促進(jìn)肢體感覺(jué)、運(yùn)動(dòng)功能恢復(fù),且不良反應(yīng)少,用藥安全性高。
[關(guān)鍵詞]電燒傷;皮瓣修復(fù)術(shù);鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子;神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度
[中圖分類號(hào)]R622 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2018)09-0052-04
Treatment of Electric Burn Wounds with Rat Nerve Growth Factor Combined with Skin Flap Repair
ZUO Fei
(Department of Surgery,Nanjing Yangzi Hospital,Nanjing 210048,Jiangsu,China)
Abstract: Objective To study the curative efficacy of rat nerve growth factor combined with skin flap repair in treatment of electric burn wounds. Methods 90 patients of electric burn who received therapy from August 2013 to August 2017 in our hospital were selected as research objects, according to random number table, they were divided into the observation group (n=46) and the control group (n=46). The control group was treated with skin flap repair, and antibiotics and vitamin B12 were given routine treatment after operation. The observation group was combined with mouse nerve growth factor therapy on the basis of the control group. The perioperative conditions of the two groups were compared, and the changes of nerve conduction velocity before and after treatment, the sensation, motor function and adverse reactions were compared. Results The wound healing time, hospitalization time, operation to discharge time and wound infection rate in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). After half a year, sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) and motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) in the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment,and the SCV and MCV in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group[(43.84±3.18)m/s vs(39.05±3.02)m/s,(57.30±4.69)m/s vs(50.34±4.22)m/s], the difference were statistical significance(P<0.05). The excellent rate of sensory function and motor function in the observation group were superior to those in the control group (89.13% vs 70.45%, 86.96% vs 68.18%), the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups was 8.70% and 4.55% respectively, and there was no significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion Rat nerve growth factor combined with skin flap repair is well for electric burn,which can effectively repair nerve injury, promote limb sensory and motor function recovery, and has fewer adverse reactions and high safety.
Key words: electric burn; skin flap repair; rat nerve growth factor; nerve conduction velocity
電燒傷主要指高電流通過(guò)人體時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的熱電、電化學(xué)、電生理等反應(yīng),可致使人體皮膚、皮下組織、肌肉、神經(jīng)、血管等發(fā)生廣泛性損傷,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、生活方式的改變、高壓電工具及家用電器等使用頻率的增加,電燒傷的發(fā)生率也逐漸呈增加趨勢(shì)[1-3]。對(duì)于該病臨床上除了采用常規(guī)急救、液體復(fù)蘇等治療外,皮瓣修復(fù)術(shù)也是常用手段。但電燒傷患者常合并燒傷部位周圍神經(jīng)系損傷,可致使其支配區(qū)發(fā)生感覺(jué)功能喪失、感覺(jué)異常、神經(jīng)痛等癥狀,而單純的皮瓣修復(fù)術(shù)對(duì)創(chuàng)面神經(jīng)的修復(fù)功能欠佳,多數(shù)患者在術(shù)后可出現(xiàn)四肢感覺(jué)、運(yùn)動(dòng)功能障礙,嚴(yán)重影響生活質(zhì)量[4]。鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子在臨床上具有促進(jìn)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)分化的作用,有助于維持神經(jīng)組織的發(fā)育和生理功能,已在各種神經(jīng)功能修復(fù)治療中廣泛應(yīng)用,但應(yīng)用于電燒傷患者的治療報(bào)道仍較少[5-6]。因此,本研究旨在探討電燒傷創(chuàng)面應(yīng)用鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子聯(lián)合皮瓣修復(fù)術(shù)的治療效果,并觀察其對(duì)神經(jīng)功能修復(fù)的作用,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料和方法
1.1 一般資料:選擇2013年8月-2017年8月筆者醫(yī)院就診的90例電燒傷患者作為研究對(duì)象,獲得醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)實(shí)施。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①燒傷原因?yàn)殡娊佑|所致的皮膚組織燒傷,燒傷至入院時(shí)間≤12h者;②四肢燒傷,燒傷程度深Ⅱ~Ⅲ度者;③年齡18~60歲者;④意識(shí)清晰者;⑤對(duì)此研究知情同意,可完成隨訪者。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①由于電擊傷所致的全身性損害者;②合并糖尿病、心腦血管疾病以及其余神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病者;③合并肝、腎、心等嚴(yán)重功能障礙者;④有精神類疾病者;⑤既往出現(xiàn)過(guò)神經(jīng)功能障礙者;⑥對(duì)研究藥物過(guò)敏者。通過(guò)隨機(jī)數(shù)表法分為觀察組(n=46)和對(duì)照組(n=44),兩組患者一般資料比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見(jiàn)表1。
1.2 治療方法:對(duì)照組給予皮瓣修復(fù)術(shù)治療:①術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備:入院后給予常規(guī)搶救、液體復(fù)蘇等,并進(jìn)行呼吸通氣、補(bǔ)液等方式維持生命體征平穩(wěn),若有焦痂、壞死組織,將其切除并反復(fù)沖洗干凈創(chuàng)面,根據(jù)患者病情程度決定皮瓣方案設(shè)計(jì)和準(zhǔn)備;②皮瓣修復(fù)術(shù):根據(jù)術(shù)前皮瓣設(shè)計(jì)方案進(jìn)行皮瓣切取,解剖過(guò)程中,先由皮瓣的后緣處將皮膚和皮下組織切開(kāi),再將皮瓣前緣切開(kāi),以此設(shè)計(jì)切出皮瓣輪廓,再進(jìn)行皮瓣轉(zhuǎn)移,常規(guī)修復(fù)創(chuàng)面并縫合皮瓣神經(jīng)和創(chuàng)面神經(jīng)區(qū);③術(shù)后處理:常規(guī)使用抗生素抗感染,并在肌肉注射維生素B12(規(guī)格:1ml:0.5mg,廠家:華北制藥股份有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字:H13020749)進(jìn)行神經(jīng)保護(hù)治療,劑量0.05mg,1次/d,連續(xù)治療2周。
觀察組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上,術(shù)后在燒傷創(chuàng)面局部注射鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子(規(guī)格是20μg,廠家:武漢海特生物制藥股份有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字:S20060051),劑量30μg,1次/d,連續(xù)治療2周。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo):①圍手術(shù)期情況:包括創(chuàng)面愈合時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間及創(chuàng)面感染、出血發(fā)生率;②神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度:于治療前、治療后半年時(shí),使用上海MyoSystem 1400型肌電圖,選擇燒傷處作為中心點(diǎn),檢查距離中心10cm范圍內(nèi)的神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度,包括感覺(jué)神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度(Sensory nerve conduction velocity,SCV)和運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度(Motor nerve conduction velocity,MCV);③治療期間不良反應(yīng)。
1.4 感覺(jué)、運(yùn)動(dòng)功能評(píng)價(jià):于治療后半年時(shí)評(píng)價(jià),參照英國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)研究會(huì)(British medical research association,BMRC)感覺(jué)、運(yùn)動(dòng)功能評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[7]。感覺(jué)功能評(píng)價(jià):無(wú)感覺(jué)(S0級(jí)),支配區(qū)皮膚存在深痛覺(jué)(S1級(jí)),支配區(qū)皮膚有淺感覺(jué)或部分觸覺(jué)(S2級(jí)),有皮膚痛覺(jué)和觸覺(jué)、無(wú)感覺(jué)過(guò)敏(S3級(jí)),感覺(jué)完全正常、兩點(diǎn)辨別覺(jué)<6mm(S4級(jí))。優(yōu):感覺(jué)正常,恢復(fù)至S4級(jí);良:部分感覺(jué)正常,S3級(jí);可:S2級(jí);差:S1級(jí)+S0級(jí)。
運(yùn)動(dòng)功能評(píng)價(jià):肌肉無(wú)收縮(M0級(jí)),肌肉有輕度收縮(M1級(jí)),關(guān)節(jié)能做出動(dòng)作、可達(dá)到完全動(dòng)度(M2級(jí)),處于對(duì)抗地心引力下關(guān)節(jié)可達(dá)到完全動(dòng)度(M3級(jí)),在有阻力的情況下關(guān)節(jié)可達(dá)到完全動(dòng)度(M4級(jí)),運(yùn)動(dòng)功能完全正常(M5級(jí))。優(yōu):M5級(jí);良:M級(jí)+M3級(jí);可:M2級(jí);差:M1級(jí)+M0級(jí)。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析:以SPSS 18.0軟件包處理。計(jì)量資料均為正態(tài)分布,用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x?±s)表示,組間比較使用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率表示,行χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組圍手術(shù)期恢復(fù)情況比較:兩組創(chuàng)面出血率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。觀察組創(chuàng)面愈合時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間、手術(shù)至出院時(shí)間及創(chuàng)面感染發(fā)生率均明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.2 兩組神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度比較:治療前,兩組SCV、MCV比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后,兩組SCV、MCV較治療前明顯改善,觀察組SCV、MCV均明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。
2.3 兩組感覺(jué)功能評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果:治療后,觀察組感覺(jué)功能優(yōu)良率為89.13%,明顯高于對(duì)照組的70.45%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表4。
2.4 兩組運(yùn)動(dòng)功能評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果:治療后,觀察組運(yùn)動(dòng)功能優(yōu)良率為86.96%,明顯高于對(duì)照組的68.18%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表5。
2.5 兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況:治療期間,觀察組有2例注射部位疼痛、1例失眠、1例頭暈,不良反應(yīng)總發(fā)生率為8.70%(4/46);對(duì)照組出現(xiàn)2例頭暈,癥狀均較為輕微,自行緩解,不良反應(yīng)總發(fā)生率為4.55%(2/44),組間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.623,P=0.430)。
3 討論
當(dāng)電流在人體通過(guò)時(shí),損傷程度和電流強(qiáng)度、持續(xù)時(shí)間密切相關(guān),其次由于人體不同組織和部位的導(dǎo)電性不同,例如神經(jīng)束、血管的電阻較低,電流更容易通過(guò)神經(jīng)束、血管形成回路,因此神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)生損傷的概率較高。此外,當(dāng)接觸到較高的電壓時(shí),電流通過(guò)血管還可損傷血管和周圍鄰近組織,對(duì)血管腔內(nèi)產(chǎn)生刺激并形成大量血栓,影響周圍組織的供血供氧,若神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)鄰近血管遭受較大血管則極易導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)損傷或大面積壞死,影響神經(jīng)功能。相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,有約30%的急性燒傷患者可出現(xiàn)周圍性神經(jīng)損傷,而在燒傷面積超過(guò)20%的患者中,則有約70%的患者可出現(xiàn)神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)異常,嚴(yán)重影響預(yù)后[8-9]。
皮瓣修復(fù)術(shù)主要是以附帶的神經(jīng)、皮瓣組織去替代原有的損傷組織,并通過(guò)創(chuàng)面神經(jīng)和皮膚組織之間的吻合,幫助創(chuàng)面修復(fù),是電燒傷患者的常用治療手段[10-11]。但也有大量報(bào)道顯示,雖然該方式可有效修復(fù)損傷部位,但由于吻合不完全、血供不良等原因,容易導(dǎo)致微循環(huán)中性粒細(xì)胞黏附和血管痙攣,促使微血管形成血栓等,影響神經(jīng)功能的再生和修復(fù)[12-13]。因此術(shù)后選擇有效的促神經(jīng)功能修復(fù)藥物顯得極為重要,維生素B12是較為常用的修復(fù)損傷神經(jīng)藥物,但作用效果有限,且若大劑量使用毒副反應(yīng)較多[14]。
鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子屬于一種多肽,主要合成來(lái)自于神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞、雪旺氏細(xì)胞、變性神經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)端等,一般提取自小鼠頜下腺提,目前臨床上通常將其作為神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)劑、神經(jīng)保護(hù)劑、神經(jīng)再生劑使用[15-17]。齊剛等[18]在糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變患者中應(yīng)用鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子后,顯示其可明顯改善患者運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)和感覺(jué)神經(jīng)的傳導(dǎo)速度,緩解神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀。Fujimaki H等[19]研究也顯示,鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子有助于坐骨神經(jīng)缺損大鼠周圍神經(jīng)缺損的修復(fù),效果顯著。
本次研究結(jié)果顯示,聯(lián)合鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子治療的患者創(chuàng)面愈合時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間、手術(shù)至出院時(shí)間更短,且感染率更低,可能是由于鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子對(duì)神經(jīng)具有刺激作用,可改善血供,繼而有利于創(chuàng)面的愈合,楊蒙等[20]研究也得出相似結(jié)論。且本研究中患者治療半年后的神經(jīng)功能恢復(fù)情況檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,聯(lián)合鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子的患者SCV、MCV的改善程度均明顯優(yōu)于常規(guī)治療患者,且感覺(jué)功能、運(yùn)動(dòng)功能優(yōu)良率分別為89.13%、86.96%,顯著高于常規(guī)治療患者。分析是在給予鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子后,可維持電燒傷所致的外周損傷神經(jīng)微環(huán)境中所缺失的神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子濃度,為創(chuàng)面神經(jīng)修復(fù)提高良好的微環(huán)境,促使神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子抵達(dá)對(duì)應(yīng)的神經(jīng)元胞體,并經(jīng)過(guò)一系列代謝過(guò)程,促進(jìn)再生軸突的延長(zhǎng)和髓鞘化,恢復(fù)原有的神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)功能,利于感覺(jué)、運(yùn)動(dòng)功能的改善,且本研究通過(guò)局部給藥的方式,可令藥物濃度集中于創(chuàng)面,進(jìn)一步增加對(duì)神經(jīng)的刺激作用,故而患者神經(jīng)功能恢復(fù)效果更佳。此外,本研究過(guò)程中聯(lián)合鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子的患者治療期間并未出現(xiàn)較多不良反應(yīng),提示用藥安全性好。
綜上所述,在電燒傷患者中使用鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子聯(lián)合皮瓣修復(fù)術(shù)治療效果顯著,可有效修復(fù)神經(jīng)損傷,促進(jìn)肢體感覺(jué)、運(yùn)動(dòng)功能恢復(fù),且不良反應(yīng)少,用藥安全性高。
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[收稿日期]2018-05-29 [修回日期]2018-07-06
編輯/朱婉蓉