坐在辦公室給大橋“號脈”

◇ 文|本刊記者 圖|

橋，對于重慶人來說意義重大。

作為中國唯一的“橋都”，重慶現(xiàn)有各類橋梁4500多座，僅主城區(qū)長江和嘉陵江上就有數十座跨江大橋。相關數據顯示，每天80%的市民要過至少一座跨江大橋，60%的市民要過兩座以上跨江橋。

龐大的車流在大橋上穿行流動，橋梁本身及其相關設施的安全如何保障？帶著這個疑問，我們來到了重慶市市政設施管理局。

Bridges, make big differences for Chongqing people.

As China's only "City of Bridges", Chongqing has built over 4,500 bridges of various kinds, and for the main urban area only, there are dozens of riverspanning bridges over Yangtze River and Jialing River. Statics show, each day 80% of local residents have to cross at least one river-spanning bridge,and 60% have to cross more than two river-spanning bridges.

With such huge traffic, how to ensure the safety of these bridges and their related facilities? With this in doubt, we came to the Chongqing Municipal Department of Public Facilities Administration.

24小時監(jiān)控大橋健康

24-hour Monitoring of Bridges' Health

“我們現(xiàn)在可以看到的這些數據，都是從高家花園大橋上實時采集到的?！蓖ㄟ^設在重慶市市政設施管理局5樓的“智慧城管綜合管理平臺”，工作人員調出了大橋的監(jiān)控數據。

在這張猶如大橋“心電圖”般的曲線圖上，高家花園大橋的各類監(jiān)測項目數據一目了然。

“這些數據并不是一成不變的，會隨著大橋的使用時間及大橋運營狀態(tài)的變化而變化。每項數據都設置有預警值，一旦預警我們就得立馬采取措施?！睆氖缕脚_監(jiān)測的工作人員說，“不過不用擔心，大橋的健康狀況是24小時監(jiān)測可控的。”

原來，在“智慧城管綜合管理平臺”系統(tǒng)中，有專門針對橋梁健康的“橋梁結構運營狀態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)”?！斑@套監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)運用在了市政設施管理局直管的高家花園大橋、大佛寺大橋和馬桑溪大橋上?！惫ぷ魅藛T記得，高家花園大橋作為內環(huán)快速路重要的跨江大橋，在2013年11月就投用了橋梁結構運營狀態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。

也是在那個時候，剛從重慶交通大學橋梁與隧道專業(yè)畢業(yè)的張犇，作為一名橋隧維護師，見證了高家花園大橋安裝橋梁結構運營狀態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的全過程。

監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)需要在高家花園大橋安裝近百個傳感器，這讓張犇激動不已。“科班”出身的張犇非常興奮，經常跑到橋上與施工人員溝通。

“監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)24小時運行，超過預警閥值會自動報警?！泵慨攺垹妮p點鼠標，查看橋梁撓度、應力應變變化情況時，顯示屏就會出現(xiàn)像“心電圖”一樣高低起伏的曲線，這讓張犇覺得，當橋梁“保健醫(yī)生”一點也不比人類醫(yī)生差，“傳感器24小時采集數據，匯聚到平臺上形成數據分析圖。通過這些數據分析，可以實時對大橋的健康狀況進行分析?！?/p>

"The data we are looking at now, are all realtime collected from the Gaojiahuayuan Bridge."Through the "Integrated Management Platform of Intelligent City Management" installed at the 5th floor of Chongqing Municipal Department of Public Facilities Administration, a staff member retrieved the monitoring data of the bridge.

On this "electrocardiogram" like graph of the bridge, various monitoring data of the Gaojiayuan Bridge were clear at a glance.

"These data are not static, and will be updated with the serving duration and operational status of the bridge. Each datum is set with alarm value, and once alarmed, we will take actions immediately."Said the staff member engaged in platform monitoring, "But don't worry, the bridge health is 24-hour monitored and totally under control. ”

Actually, within the "Integrated Management Platform of Intelligent City Management", there was a Monitoring System of Bridge Structure Operation Status designed for bridge health. "This set of monitoring system has been installed on the Gaojiahuayuan Bridge, the Dafosi Bridge and the Masangxi Bridge." The staff member still remembered, the Gaojiahuayuan Bridge being a major river-spanning bridge on the Inner Ring express road, the Monitoring System of Bridge Structure Operation Status was put into use on the bridge as early as in November 2013.

Also at that time, Zhang Ben, who just graduated from the Major of Bridge and Tunnel of Chongqing Jiaotong University, witnessed the whole process of installing the Monitoring System of Bridge Structure Operation Status on the Gaojiahuayuan Bridge as a bridge and tunnel maintenance engineer .

The monitoring system required installation of nearly one hundred sensors on the Gaojiahuayuan Bridge, which was really exciting for Zhan Ben. As a professional by training, Zhan Ben was very excited,and used to talk on-site to constructors on the bridge.

"The monitoring system works 24-hour around,and will raise alarm automatically when the warning threshold value is exceeded." Whenever Zhang Ben clicked the mouse to view changes of the deflection and stress forces in the bridge, the display screen would show the "electrocardiogram" like graph,which made Zhang Ben feel like a health physician for the bridge, not inferior to any doctor for humans.The sensors collected data 24-hour around, which were aggregated to the platform to generate data analysis charts. With these data analyses, realtime analyses on health status of the bridge could be made.”

大數據為“隔空診癥”提供“藥方”

Big Data Offers "Prescriptions" Through "Diagnosis in Air"

基于大橋監(jiān)控采集的數據，智能化的大橋監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)還匯聚了一個強大的“數據池”，為交通運營提供了更多的數據分析樣本。

在重慶市市政設施管理局大橋處監(jiān)控中心，我們可以清晰地看到車輛通行的情況。工作人員告訴我們，橋梁上安裝有高清攝像頭，可實時監(jiān)控慢車道、快車道、欄桿等橋面設施，以及橋下通道、主要墩臺部位、橋梁保護區(qū)上下游100米范圍河道及河岸周邊的情況，基本實現(xiàn)橋梁視頻監(jiān)控無盲區(qū)。

系統(tǒng)在實時監(jiān)控橋梁安全的同時，還能記錄車流量，識別超重車輛?！跋到y(tǒng)每小時都會對超重車通行情況生成一份數據圖表，通過數據圖表和相關的視頻資料，我們可以清晰掌握超重車輛的數量及車牌號?！惫ぷ魅藛T解釋。

傳感數據是否能體現(xiàn)真實的橋梁運營情況？在使用過程中大橋的各方面數據是否產生變化？是否需要作出調整？負責監(jiān)控的工作人員說，通過采集到的大數據，相關專家會給出詳盡的分析報告和針對大橋情況作出相應的調整建議。這樣一來，大數據就能為“橋梁醫(yī)生”提供更多“隔空診癥”方案。

除高家花園大橋之外，目前重慶還有100多座橋梁完成了智能化監(jiān)測監(jiān)控建設。

Based on the data collection of bridge monitoring, the intelligent bridge monitoring system also built a powerful "data pool", providing more data analysis samples for transportation operation.

At the Monitoring Center of Bridges Bureau of the Chongqing Municipal Department of Public Facilities Administration, we could see clearly the traffic situations on bridges. A staff member told us, the high-definition cameras installed on bridges could real-time monitor slow lanes, fast lanes, railings and other surface facilities, as well as pathways under bridge, main bridge piers, 100 meters upstream and downstream areas of bridge protection zones and the surrounding areas of the banks, which basically realized no-blind area for bridge video surveillance.

While real-time monitoring safety of bridges,the system also recorded traffic flows and identified overweight vehicles. "The system will generate a data chart for overweight vehicles traffic every hour, and with the data charts and related video materials, we can easily find out the numbers and plate numbers of the overweight vehicles." explained a staff member.

Did the detection data reflect true operation status of the bridges? Would the bridge data of various kinds change in the course of use? Was it necessary to make adjustments? The staff member in charge of monitoring said, with the collect big data, relevant experts would file detailed analysis report and make adjustment proposals for related bridge status. In this way, the big data would be able to offer more proposals of "diagnosis in air" to the"bridge physicians".

Besides the Gaojiahuayuan Bridge, Chongqing now has completed installation of intelligent monitoring systems on over 100 bridges.