The Old Man and the Sea

江蘇南菁高級(jí)中學(xué) 薛海燕

悅讀貼士

本刊所有文章中注釋的詞匯均為非課標(biāo)詞匯，無(wú)須記憶與理解;在文后注釋的詞匯為課標(biāo)詞匯，建議同學(xué)們將后者整理為詞匯掌中寶，以便隨帶隨記。

Step 1 感知·閱讀導(dǎo)航

話題導(dǎo)入

“一個(gè)人可以被毀滅，但不能被打敗?！币粋€(gè)叫桑迪亞哥的古巴老漁民霉運(yùn)罩頂，一連84天捕不到魚(yú)，他根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和判斷，決定勇敢地獨(dú)自去更遠(yuǎn)的海域捕魚(yú)。歷經(jīng)了常人無(wú)法想象的千難萬(wàn)險(xiǎn)后，老漁民終于捕獲了一條巨大的馬林魚(yú)——他有生以來(lái)見(jiàn)過(guò)的最大一條。但是，老人的孤單、疼痛和饑餓，馬林魚(yú)的美麗、強(qiáng)壯和高貴，不斷地挑戰(zhàn)他身心的極限，由此，上演了一幕令人驚嘆的人魚(yú)大戰(zhàn)！

歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威(Earnest Hemingway)(1899-1961)，美國(guó)作家、記者，以其獨(dú)特的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格著稱，被認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)最著名的小說(shuō)家之一。他擅長(zhǎng)用最簡(jiǎn)單的詞匯表達(dá)最復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容，即“冰山理論”——只表現(xiàn)事物的八分之一，使其作品充實(shí)、含蓄、耐人尋味。

本文為小說(shuō)節(jié)選，全文463字，建議用時(shí)8分鐘。

閱讀立意

閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)達(dá)到以下四個(gè)目標(biāo)：

1.通過(guò)馬林魚(yú)的幾次轉(zhuǎn)身，完成一系列角色體驗(yàn)式任務(wù)進(jìn)行篇章解構(gòu)和寓意理解；

2.通過(guò)對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)的理解，歸納老人的人物個(gè)性，體會(huì)馬林魚(yú)的象征意義；

3.通過(guò)品鑒作者應(yīng)用基本詞匯和簡(jiǎn)短句式表達(dá)具體含義、使用名詞和動(dòng)詞來(lái)揭示事物本來(lái)面目的寫(xiě)作手法，體會(huì)“The less,the more（越少，就越多）”精煉的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格，并運(yùn)用到讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)任務(wù)中；

4.通過(guò)角色體驗(yàn)和讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的推理能力、想象能力和創(chuàng)造能力，完善思維品質(zhì)。

The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking and only his great tail moving.The old man pulled on him all that he could to bring him closer.For just a moment,the fish turned a little on his side.Then hestraightenedhimself and began another circle.

“I moved him,” the old man said,“I moved him then.”

He felt faint（昏眩）again now，but he held on the great fish all the strain （拉力）that he could.I moved him,he thought.Maybe this time I can get him over.Pull,hands,he thought.Hold up,legs.Last for me,head.Last for me.You never went.This time I’ll pull him over.

But when he put all of his effort on,starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all hisstrength,the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away.

“Fish,” the old man said，“Fish,you are going to have to die anyway.Do you have to kill me too?”

That way nothing is accomplished,he thought.His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now.I must get him alongside this time,he thought.I am not good for many more turns.Yes you are,he told himself.You're good for ever.

On the next turn,he nearly had him.But again the fish righted himself and swam slowly away.

You are killing me,fish,the old man thought.But you have a right to.Never have I seen a greater,or more beautiful,or a calmer or more noble thing than you,brother.Come on and kill me.I do not care who kills who.

Now you are getting confused in the head,he thought.You must keep your head clear.Keep your head clear and know how to suffer like a man,or a fish,he thought.

“Clear up,head,” he said in a voice he could hardly hear，“Clear up.”

Twice more it was the same on the turns.

I do notknow,the old man thought.He had been on the point of feeling himself go each time.I do not know.But I will try it once more.

He tried it once more and he felt himself going when he turned the fish.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving(迂回行進(jìn)）in the air.

I’ll try it again,the old man promised,although his hands were mushy（血肉模糊的）now and he could only see well in flashes.

He tried it again and it was the same.So he thought,and he felt himself going before he started;I will try it once again.

酷詞解碼

1.That way nothing is accomplished,he thought.他想，那樣的話，什么都完成不了。

accomplish v.to succeed in doing something,especially after trying very hard（尤指通過(guò)努力）完成；實(shí)現(xiàn)

eg.If we’d all work together,I think we could accomplish our goal.如果我們大家一起工作，我想我們可以實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)。

2.Never have I seen a greater,or more beautiful,or a calmer or more noble thing than you,brother.我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)比你更偉大、更美麗、更平靜、更高尚的東西，兄弟。

noble adj.morally good or generous in a way that is admired高尚的；崇高的

eg.It’s very noble of you to spend all your weekends helping the old folk.你把周末都花在幫助老人上，真是太高尚了。

3.I’ll try it again,the old man promised,although his hands were mushy now and he could only see well in flashes.我要再試一次，老人發(fā)誓。雖然他的手現(xiàn)在已是血肉模糊，他的視線也閃爍不明了。

in flashes星星點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的；片刻：剎那間

Things were not the same and now life only came in flashes.

事過(guò)境遷,現(xiàn)在生命只能閃現(xiàn)出星星點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的火花了。

Step 2 實(shí)踐·文本解讀

立意呈現(xiàn)

I.Grasp the main content

What is the passage mainly about?

A.The old man made a narrow escape from the fish.

B.The old man took a thrilling adventure on the sea.

C.The old man made great efforts and managed to catch the fish.

D.The old man had a series of fierce struggles with the giant fish.

Ⅱ.Understand the structure

Complete the form and appreciate some famous sayings.

Ⅲ.Symbolic meaning

Read the passage carefully and infer the symbolic meaning of the following.

IV.Understand the theme of the excerpt

What is the theme of the novel in your eyes?

【點(diǎn)石成金】閱讀時(shí)，要理解小說(shuō)的象征意義，并解讀作品中蘊(yùn)含的深刻思想內(nèi)涵。本節(jié)選部分通過(guò)老人與馬林魚(yú)之間一次次殊死搏斗表現(xiàn)出人與自然的對(duì)話，表達(dá)了人們對(duì)幸福的渴望和對(duì)理想的不懈追求。讓我們站在不同的角度思考以下問(wèn)題：老人桑迪亞哥怎么來(lái)看待他的龐大的對(duì)手？馬林魚(yú)呢，它活該被捕，被人類食用嗎？

Step 3 運(yùn)用·讀寫(xiě)整合

角色體驗(yàn)

Para.1～6 the first turn

1.If you were the old man,could you describe the fish you caught?

2.If you were the fish,could you find what state was the old fish man in?Did you have a chance to escape?

Para.7～10 the next turn

1.Translate the sentence into Chinese.

Now you are getting confused in the head,he thought.You must keep your head clear.Keep your head clear and know how to suffer like a man,or a fish,he thought.

Para.11～12 twice more turns

Para.13 trying it once more

Para.14～15 trying it again

1.In these paraphrases,four more turns are described,“it was the same”and“I will try it again”repeats itself,could you tell us why?

2.“The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.”If you were the fish,would you be defeated by your tiredness?

Step 4 提升·素養(yǎng)建構(gòu)

Ⅰ.熟詞構(gòu)新

原文 T h e n h e s t r a i g h t e n e d h i m s e l f a n d b e g a n a n o t h e r c i r c l e.(P a r a.1)熟詞舉例a s t r a i g h t l i n e一條直線(a d j.)G o s t r a i g h t a l o n g t h i s r o a d a n d t u r n l e f t a t t h e t r a f f i c l i g h t s.沿著這條馬路一直朝前走，在交通信號(hào)燈前左轉(zhuǎn)彎。(a d v.)1.s t r a i g h t e n v.使……挺直；拉直構(gòu)詞法 形容詞+后綴-e n構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞s t r a i g h t e n e g.s h a r p e n,w o r s e n,w i d e n英文釋義 “t o b e c o m e s t r a i g h t,o r t o m a k e s o m e t h i n g s t r a i g h t”例句 H e r h a i r i s n a t u r a l l y c u r l y b u t s h e a l w a y s s t r a i g h t e n s i t.她的頭發(fā)自然卷，但她經(jīng)常把頭發(fā)拉直。原文B u t w h e n h e p u t a l l o f h i s e f f o r t o n,s t a r t i n g i t w e l l o u t b e f o r e t h e f i s h c a m e a l o n g s i d e a n d p u l l i n g w i t h a l l h i s s t r e n g t h,t h e f i s h p u l l e d p a r t w a y o v e r a n d t h e n r i g h t e d h i m s e l f a n d s w a m a w a y.（P a r a.4）2.s t r e n g t h n.力氣；強(qiáng)度；力量；長(zhǎng)處熟詞舉例 S h e m u s t b e v e r y s t r o n g t o c a r r y s u c h a w e i g h t o n h e r b a c k.她一定力氣很大，能背這么重的東西。(a d j.)構(gòu)詞法 形容詞+后綴-t h構(gòu)成名詞s t r e n g t h英文釋義 “t h e p h y s i c a l p o w e r a n d e n e r g y t h a t m a k e s s o m e o n e s t r o n g”例句 I’m t r y i n g t o b u i l d u p m y s t r e n g t h.我在努力增強(qiáng)體力。再次構(gòu)新 s t r e n g t h再加后綴-e n構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞s t r e n g t h e n增強(qiáng) e g.f r i g h t e n,t h r e a t e n,h e i g h t e n

Ⅱ.寫(xiě)作技巧

What is his unique writing style?

Less is more.

● Simple&short sentences

● Simple character and scene

● To convey profound meaning

讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)

通過(guò)對(duì)節(jié)選框架的概括和理解，我們完成了語(yǔ)篇解讀；通過(guò)對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)描述的賞析，我們體會(huì)了老漁夫的個(gè)性特征,他反復(fù)地自言自語(yǔ)，“I’ll try it again.”暗示了他與馬林魚(yú)之間艱苦的拉鋸戰(zhàn)，“I do not care who kills who.”讓我們不禁要問(wèn)，“誰(shuí)能成為最終的贏家？”寫(xiě)下你自己的預(yù)測(cè)和思考吧，自己來(lái)描述老人與馬林魚(yú)最后的激烈搏斗吧！

請(qǐng)參考使用以下詞匯（至少5個(gè)）：the old man,the fish,faint,strength,harpoon(魚(yú)叉),push,spay,blood

The old man dropped the line and___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The old man felt faint and_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ⅲ.素養(yǎng)百科

Iceberg theory，an art of omission

冰山理論：“留白”的藝術(shù)

The iceberg theory，sometimes also known as the “theory of omission”，is a style of writing coined by American writer Ernest Hemingway.Hemingway believed the deeper meaning of a story should not be evident on the surface,but should shine through implicitly（隱含地）.If a writer knows enough about what he is writing about,he may omit things that will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them.A good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action.

冰山理論，有時(shí)也被稱為“省略理論”，是美國(guó)作家歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威創(chuàng)造的一種寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格。海明威認(rèn)為，一個(gè)故事的深層意義不應(yīng)從表面上顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)，而應(yīng)隱晦地體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。如果一個(gè)作家對(duì)他所寫(xiě)的東西有足夠的了解，他可能會(huì)忽略那些對(duì)這些事情有強(qiáng)烈感覺(jué)的東西，就像作者已經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)了一樣。一個(gè)好的作家不需要透露一個(gè)人物或一種行為的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。