余貝貝
【摘要】小學英語教師在教學過程中不能靈活運用有效的教學方法,使得英語課堂單一、枯燥,學生缺乏興趣。生活再現(xiàn)教學法,變抽象為直觀,化刻板為生動,改變小學英語課堂的氛圍氣氛變得生動活潑,有利于學生理解和掌握知識,引發(fā)求知欲。
【關鍵詞】小學英語;生活再現(xiàn)教學;學習興趣
《小學英語課程標準》(以下簡稱課標)明確地指出,“課程從學生的學習興趣,生活經(jīng)驗和認知水平出發(fā),倡導體驗、實踐、參與、合作與交流的學習方式”?!盎顒觾热莺托问揭N近學生的生活實際,符合學生的認知水平和生活經(jīng)驗;要盡可能地接近現(xiàn)實生活中語言使用的實際情況?!庇纱丝梢姡抡n標強調以人為本,注重學生個體的發(fā)展和語言知識的實用性。這就要求教師在英語教學中滲透生活知識,創(chuàng)設貼近生活的情境。然而,在當下的小學英語教學中,教師只注重單詞、句子的教學,而忽視了英語在生活中的實際運用,使得英語學習脫離了生活情境,學生學了一大堆的詞匯和句子卻不會綜合運用。
生活再現(xiàn)教學法的出現(xiàn),變抽象為直觀,化刻板為生動,給枯燥乏味的小學英語課堂帶來了一絲新意。它不僅能改變小學英語課堂的氛圍,讓氣氛變得生動活潑還能使學生產(chǎn)生身臨其境般的感知,有利于學生理解和掌握知識,引發(fā)求知欲。因此,本文擬就蘇教版譯林英語五年級下“Seeing the doctor”一課為例,對小學英語生活再現(xiàn)教學作粗淺的探究。
一、小學英語課堂教學的現(xiàn)狀
1.教師教學活動設計缺乏實效性
新課標提出英語課堂教學要通過說說、唱唱、玩玩、演演等活動完成,即“在活動中學習語言”。遺憾的是,筆者通過近幾年的課堂觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)許多教師對這一理念還是停留在比較淺的層次,關注了活動形式本身,卻忽略了語言教學的根本目標的現(xiàn)象,課堂活動雖然很豐富,但是缺乏實效性。
2.學生對英語學習失去興趣
當下許多小學英語教師在教學過程中不能靈活運用有效的教學方法,使得英語課堂單一、枯燥,學生缺乏興趣。小學生喜歡活躍的課堂氛圍,因此老師必須抓住學生的這一特征進行教學設計。此外,部分老師的教學觀念仍然停留在應試教育階段,把成績作為評價學生的唯一標準,嚴重阻礙了學生英語學習能力的形成,導致學生對英語學習失去興趣。
二、基于生活再現(xiàn)的教學課例
1.教學內容
選自譯林版英語5B Unit4 Seeing the doctor (checkout time)
2.教學目標
(1)復習詞匯 headache/ toothache/ fever/ cough/ cold/ brush ones teeth/ have a rest/ take medicine/...;
(2)復習句型What's wrong with...? 及答句 ... have/ has a...; How do/ does... feel ? 及答句 ...feel ...,What should / shouldnt ...do ? 及答句 ... should / shouldnt ...;
(3)完成Checkout time板塊教學;滲透情感教育,體驗“樂于助人”的樂趣。
3.教學重難點
(1)能夠與同學合作完成Test list中的檢測任務;
(2)能夠運用所學知識提出更多的給予病人的建議。
4.教學過程如下:
(1)基于生活再現(xiàn)教學,把學生帶入情境。
Step 1 Daily talk
T: Doctor Li is a nice doctor , hes helpful , but always busy, lets have a look at his outpatient department.
T: What do you think of his outpatient department ? Are there lot of people here ?
S: ...
T:Who are in the hospital?
S:...
T: Yes , there are lot of sick people here, and they are not happy. Doctor Li is checking the sick people inside. He has some questions to ask them. If you are Doctor Li, how to ask the questions?
S: ...
上課伊始,老師通過設計許多人排隊找優(yōu)秀的李醫(yī)生排隊看病的情境將課文主題生活化,該情境的設計巧妙、真實、貼切學習情境,讓學生不僅學到了知識,還得到了口語的鍛煉。
(2)基于生活再現(xiàn)教學的設置,讓學生感知語言。
Step 2 Tests (仁愛助手招聘測試)
T: Test 1 , please say out at least five words of illnesses. Go.
S: ...
T: OK, The illnesses are ...
S: ...
T: Very good, so you get the first pass card “仁” , the leaders of the groups, please stick it here. OK, the illnesses are ...
S: ...
T: Now lets go into Test 2 , please say out at least six words of feelings ,first finish Test 2 in your groups, go .
S: ...
T: OK, time is up, lets have a check . The feelings are ...
S: ...
T: Very good, so you get the second pass card “愛” , please stick it here.
T: Now lets go into Test 3 , please watch a vedio and tell me the phrases of the actions.
T:OK, now tell me the phrases of the actions.
S:...
T:Very good, so you get the third pass card “幫” , please stick it here.
T: The actions are ...
S: ...
T:Now lets go into Test 4 , please read the story “Tims Day” , and finish the test.
T: Now , Tim is in the hospital, lets check him, work in pairs , one is Tim , the other is the doctor , first , who wants to be the doctor?
S: ...
T: Now ,its your turn , work in pairs, one is Tim , the other is the doctor.
S: ...
T: Boys and girls, now , you get the fourth pass card “手”.please stick it here.
T: In the test , you did a very job, so you get four pass cards , congratulations”.
Now you can be the helpers of Doctor Li , and there are lots of helpers in our class, you can give much help to Doctor Li, very good .
通過布置給學生任務,讓他們集得四張仁愛助手卡,才能成為仁愛小助手這樣一個情境,幫助學生在真實的生活化語境中感知語言的學習,鞏固了本單元的單詞、短語以及句型的用法。這樣組織教學不僅激發(fā)學生學習的興趣,更容易讓學生進入到情境中,讓學生成為活動操練的主角、教學的主體,同時也讓教學更富有生命力。
(3)基于生活再現(xiàn)教學的語言操練,讓學生掌握語言。
a. Listen and choose
T:Just now, we didnt know the end of the story, now lets read the ending.
Now , Tim is at home, he is not happy. Why ? Why is Tim not happy ? Now you are the helpers of Doctor Li , I think you know the reason, so, tell me, whats wrong with Tim now ?
S:...
T: Now lets listen to Tim and his mum, and tell me:whats wrong with Tim now ? First ,open your books , turn to P45 , read the three questions .
T: Are you ready to listen?
S:...
T: Answer me : What s wrong with Tim?
S: ...
T: Yes , he has a headache.
T: How does he feel?
S:...
T: What should he do ?
S: ...
T: Now, lets listen again, and finish Tims medical record .
T: First, tell me , the diagnoses of Tim , its easy for you.
S: ...
T: Yes , he has a headache and a cold, and his leg hurts.
T:So what should Tim do? And what shouldnt Tim do ?
S: ...
T: Now lets give Tim more advice ,
S:...
T: And what shouldnt Tim do ?
S: ...
b. Think and write
T: As Doctor Lis helpers , you have finished the first task , its your job. Now lets finish the second task, You should give good advice to others .
Look, the children cant take care of themselves, can you give them some advice.
教師通過設計成為優(yōu)秀的仁愛助手這個情境教學的主題,讓學生完成病例和給出建議這兩個任務,幫助學生操練語言,啟發(fā)學生再次材料所學單詞和句型,并且感受到用英語的成就感,同時鍛煉了學生綜合運用語言的能力??傊@一環(huán)節(jié)使得學生在課外拓展中再次理解和運用本課所學的語言,通過學生的課堂表現(xiàn)不難看出,基于生活化教學的語言輸入和輸出是高效的。
(4)基于生活再現(xiàn)教學的情感教育,深化主題。
Step 4 Game time
T: Boys and girls, you are so great, you have finished the second task, now you are the excellent helpers , big hands for yourselves, so heres a game for you. Lets have some fun. First read the rules by yourselves.
Are you ready ?
S: ...
T: I want to play the game first. In the first line , I choose..., in the second line , I choose .., Who has the cards ? Come here , and stick them on the blackboard , then make a sentence.
S: ...
T: Lets have a look . We should...
S: ...
T: So your answer is ...
S:
T:Now , its your turns , who wants to choose?
S: ...
T: Who has the cards ? Stick them on the blackboard , then make a sentence.
T: Lets have a look . …So your answer is …
S:...
T: Next chance...
T: Now , I have a question :Are you happy to be Doctor Lis helpers ?
S: ...
T: As the helpers, you have helped lots of children, and you should help more people.
You should love your family and friends. And you should take care of yourselves.
S: …
T: And heres a sentence for you : Happiness lie in rendering help to others.
教師通過游戲的設計向學生滲透情感目標,體現(xiàn)了生活化的教學主題,寓教于樂,符合了學生的年齡特點,強化了教學內容的主體。
(6)基于生活再現(xiàn)教學的家庭作業(yè)的布置,給學生更多空間。
Step 5 Homework
1.通過網(wǎng)絡、書籍等方式,了解更多表示疾病類的單詞。
2.完成“Test list”,在空格處填入合適的單詞或詞組 。
教師這樣的作業(yè)設計,是上一個步驟的延續(xù),基于生活化教學的作業(yè)設計讓有限的課堂得到了無限的拓展。
總而言之,小學英語情境教學從日常生活著手,有助于挖掘學生的興趣和興奮點,將生活體驗是帶入小學英語課堂,不僅符合小學生的年齡特點和認知規(guī)律,還讓學生貼近生活,身臨其境地走進生活。因此,小學英語教師應把生活再現(xiàn)教學運用到課堂教學當中,與此同時,教師應將生活化教學上升成一種教學思想和理念,時刻指導自己的教學行為。
【參考文獻】
[1]趙玉鑫. 小學英語現(xiàn)狀及反思[J].中國校外教育,2016.
[2]徐潔潔. 用生活浸潤語言習得——小學英語生活化教學之我見[J]. 華夏教師,2016.
[3]張麗麗. 小學英語教學中如何運用生活化教學法[J].學周刊,2014.
[4]汪雨. 讓學生走進生活,融入生活——關于小學英語教學生活化的思考[J]. 科學大眾(科學教育),2013.
[4]滿鶴. 小學英語教學情景創(chuàng)設初探[J].中華少年,2017.
[5]管娜. 小學英語教學中的情境教學摭談[J].中華少年,2017.