張曉華
新一輪課程改革突出“核心素養(yǎng)”的培養(yǎng)。英語(yǔ)核心素養(yǎng)無(wú)論是語(yǔ)言能力、文化意識(shí)還是學(xué)習(xí)能力,思維品質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)都應(yīng)該是學(xué)科的教學(xué)目標(biāo)。本文通過(guò)一節(jié)省級(jí)優(yōu)質(zhì)課(人教版選修第一冊(cè)第五單元Nelson Mandela—a modern hero中的Reading部分)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)及反思,探索了在英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)中如何優(yōu)化課堂教學(xué),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)核心素養(yǎng),體現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科思想。
本節(jié)課主要設(shè)計(jì)了如下教學(xué)活動(dòng)(如圖):
1. Pre-reading
Step 1導(dǎo)入
給學(xué)生展示兩組不同景象的黑人生活照,“Years ago, faced with such difficult situation, should the black people accept the miserable fact or try to fight against the government?”引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過(guò)對(duì)比、思辨,回答。
設(shè)計(jì)理念:掃清學(xué)生閱讀的背景障礙,引入文本人物Mandela。迅速進(jìn)入話(huà)題,并明確本堂課的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。
2. While-reading
2.1 Step 1 泛讀知大意(Challenge your reading speed)
What is the general idea of the story?
A. The poor life of the black in South Africa.
B. The life of Mandela.
C. How Mandela helped the black.
D. How Elias met Mandela.
設(shè)計(jì)理念:第一次整體快速閱讀是為了讓學(xué)生從整體認(rèn)知文章,了解文章的主旨大意,為后面的精讀做好鋪墊?;顒?dòng)設(shè)計(jì)目的是為了讓學(xué)生鍛煉快讀找大意和通過(guò)大意弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)的技巧。
2.2 Step 2 精讀找細(xì)節(jié)(Challenge your reading comprehension & memory)
活動(dòng)1:教師要求學(xué)生精讀文章,把文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息按照故事情節(jié)發(fā)展的順序排序。
(1) Elias began school.
(2) Elias left school.
(3) Elias got a job in a gold mine.
(4) Elias was able to stay in Johannesburg with Mandelas help.
(5) Elias joined the ANC Youth League.
(6) Elias helped Mandela blow up some government buildings.
設(shè)計(jì)理念:通過(guò)精讀技巧,找出文章主要細(xì)節(jié),充分閱讀并理解課文,注意詞、句、語(yǔ)篇層面的理解,注意學(xué)生分析、綜合、評(píng)價(jià)等思維能力的培養(yǎng)。
活動(dòng)2:給出一個(gè)帶有發(fā)散性思維的問(wèn)題:What can you infer from the sentence “I became more hopeful about my future”?
設(shè)計(jì)理念:給學(xué)生提供一個(gè)開(kāi)放式的問(wèn)題,讓學(xué)生通過(guò)前面閱讀內(nèi)容的輸入,發(fā)表對(duì)偉人的品質(zhì)對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)所產(chǎn)生的影響;在加深對(duì)文章理解的同時(shí),讓學(xué)生對(duì)人生觀和價(jià)值觀樹(shù)立新的認(rèn)識(shí),呼吁并引導(dǎo)學(xué)生樹(shù)立幫助他人的社會(huì)責(zé)任意識(shí)。
活動(dòng)3: 教師播放曼德拉的錄音節(jié)選,聽(tīng)后讓學(xué)生再閱讀錄音內(nèi)容。
(1) The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
(2)....we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. We chose to attack the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful...
設(shè)計(jì)理念:旨在以課堂教學(xué)為依托,促進(jìn)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)能力的有效提高和發(fā)展,同時(shí)培養(yǎng)他們的社會(huì)責(zé)任感,促進(jìn)學(xué)生人文素養(yǎng)的提高。
3. Post-reading
3.1 Step 1 在語(yǔ)篇中體會(huì)定語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)律 (Challenge your grammar)
展示文章中的定語(yǔ)從句,學(xué)生自主總結(jié)規(guī)律。
(1) Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
(2) The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.
(3) The day when Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.
設(shè)計(jì)理念:通過(guò)“感受——領(lǐng)悟——運(yùn)用”的途徑,不斷吸收和積累英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言,習(xí)得語(yǔ)言,從而形成理解和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力。
3.2 Step 2 回扣文本,鍛煉表達(dá)(Challenge your speaking)
教師要求學(xué)生以第三人稱(chēng),把文本中有關(guān)曼德拉的故事情節(jié)復(fù)述出來(lái)。
設(shè)計(jì)理念:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生能夠按照時(shí)間順序講述故事,了解Mandela的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì),激發(fā)學(xué)生向偉人學(xué)習(xí)的熱情。
3.3 Step 3 總結(jié)提高情感升華
Good qualities are the root of a great person.
If you are brave, you will never fear any difficulty.
If you are persistent, you will achieve whatever you want.
If you are faithful, success will eventually embrace you!
設(shè)計(jì)理念:通過(guò)對(duì)偉人品質(zhì)的再次總結(jié)和升華,對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行德育教育,體現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)科的核心素養(yǎng)。
(作者單位:山東淄博實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué))