[摘要]目的大數(shù)據(jù)挖掘影響肺腺癌總生存的分子機(jī)制。方法分析癌癥基因組圖譜(TCGA)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中肺腺癌RNA測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù),將肺腺癌樣本中上調(diào)的mRNA分別在10套GEO基因芯片數(shù)據(jù)中進(jìn)行生存分析。應(yīng)用生物信息分析方法探索微小染色體維持蛋白4(MCM4)基因上游相關(guān)的微小RNA(miRNA)以及長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA(lncRNA)。結(jié)果MCM4 mRNA高表達(dá),在10套獨(dú)立數(shù)據(jù)中均可致肺腺癌總生存下降(χ2=4.16~10.70,P<0.05)。與MCM4呈顯著線性負(fù)相關(guān)的miRNA為miR-338-3p(r=-0.379,P<0.01),與MCM4呈顯著線性正相關(guān)的lncRNA為ENSG00000228801.5(r=0.438,P<0.001)、ENSG00000234129.3(r=0.461,P<0.001)、ENSG00000259758.1(r=0.431,P<0.001),并且利用miRanda及DIANA tool數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)證明了調(diào)控的可信性。結(jié)論ENSG00000228801.5→miR-338-3p→MCM4、ENSG00000234129.3→miR-338-3p→MCM4、ENSG00000259758.1→miR-338-3p→MCM4通路與肺腺癌病人的總生存相關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]肺腫瘤;腺癌;生存時(shí)間;數(shù)據(jù)挖掘;微小染色體維持蛋白類
[中圖分類號(hào)]R734.2[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A[文章編號(hào)]2096-5532(2018)06-0639-04
MOLECULAR MECHANISM INFLUENCING THE OVERALL SURVIVAL OF LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA: A STUDY BASED ON BIG DATA MINING ZHANG Jianbo, LIU Huamin, WANG Guie, XIA Yujun(Department of Human Anatomy and His-toembryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)
[ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular mechanism influencing the overall survival of lung adenocarcinoma based on big data mining. MethodsBased on TCGA lung adenocarcinoma RNA sequencing data, we first collected up-regulated mRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma samples, and then conducted survival analysis using the up-regulated mRNAs in 10 independent GEO datasets. Bioinformatics methods were used to find the potential upstream long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) of minichromosome maintenance complex component 4 (MCM4). ResultsUp-regulated MCM4 mRNA was asso-ciated with significantly reduced overall survival of lung adenocarcinoma in all 10 datasets (χ2 =4.16-10.70,Plt;0.05). miR-338-3p was negatively correlated with MCM4 (r=-0.379,Plt;0.01), and three lncRNAs, ENSG00000228801.5 (r=0.438,Plt;0.001), ENSG00000234129.3 (r=0.461,Plt;0.001), and ENSG00000259758.1 (r=0.431,Plt;0.001), were positively correlated with MCM4. Furthermore, we used miRanda and DIANA tool to attest the validity of these regulations. ConclusionThree lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulations, ENSG00000228801.5→miR-338-3p→MCM4, ENSG00000234129.3→miR-338-3p→MCM4, and ENSG00000259758.1→miR-338-3p→MCM4, are related to the overall survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients.
[KEY WORDS]lung neoplasms; adenocarcinoma; survival time; data mining; minichromosome maintenance proteins
肺癌是發(fā)病率和死亡率增長(zhǎng)最快的惡性腫瘤,中國(guó)國(guó)家癌癥中心2015年發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,我國(guó)2006—2011年的5年肺癌患病率在男性惡性腫瘤中居第2位,在女性惡性腫瘤中居第4位[1]。肺癌由于早期診斷困難及缺乏有效的治療手段,其5年生存率僅為15%左右[2-4]。肺腺癌作為肺癌最常見的病理類型,惡性程度高,容易復(fù)發(fā)和發(fā)生遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移,導(dǎo)致病人生存率低,預(yù)后差[5-8]。肺腺癌發(fā)生的分子機(jī)制復(fù)雜,涉及染色體不穩(wěn)定、抑癌基因失活、癌基因激活、信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路異常及DNA錯(cuò)配修復(fù)缺失等多分子事件。研究影響肺腺癌病人總生存的相關(guān)分子事件,或可為提高肺腺癌的療效提供轉(zhuǎn)化醫(yī)學(xué)的證據(jù)。本文擬利用癌癥基因組圖譜(TCGA)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)及GEO數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)樣本進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)挖掘,初步探索影響肺腺癌總生存的分子機(jī)制。
1材料與方法
1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)樣本信息收集
于TCGA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(https://cancergenome.nih.gov/)中收集肺腺癌相關(guān)的RNA測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)(Level 3),篩選所有同時(shí)具備肺腺癌組織與癌旁正常組織的測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)的樣本,共58對(duì)。
640青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)54卷
收集TCGA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中肺腺癌RNA測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)(Level 3),篩選同時(shí)具備微小RNA(miRNA)、長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA(lncRNA)及mRNA測(cè)序信息的樣本,共420例。
1.2獨(dú)立驗(yàn)證樣本信息收集
于GEO數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds/)中收集具備生存時(shí)間信息的肺腺癌相關(guān)mRNA基因芯片數(shù)據(jù),共10套,分別為GSE43767、68465、3141、41271、11969、30219、42172、50081、13213、8894。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
所有數(shù)據(jù)均采用R語(yǔ)言(版本號(hào)2.15.3)進(jìn)行分析。差異表達(dá)mRNA熱圖繪制應(yīng)用“pheatmap”包,生存曲線繪制及生存分析計(jì)算應(yīng)用“survival”包,線性相關(guān)分析繪圖應(yīng)用“ggplot2”包。總生存率的比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有顯著性;相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)采用線性相關(guān)分析,以P<0.001為差異有顯著性。
2結(jié)果
2.1癌與癌旁配對(duì)樣本差異表達(dá)的mRNA
將58對(duì)肺腺癌標(biāo)本癌及癌旁正常組織的RNA測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行差異基因分析,取經(jīng)FDR校正后的P<1×10-6、差異倍數(shù)(fold change)>4,得到肺腺癌中表達(dá)上調(diào)的574個(gè)mRNA以及表達(dá)下調(diào)的900個(gè)mRNA,熱圖見圖1。
2.2微小染色體維持蛋白4 (MCM4)mRNA與總生存的相關(guān)性
將上述肺腺癌樣本中上調(diào)的574個(gè)mRNA,依據(jù)RNA表達(dá)量的中位值分為高、低表達(dá)兩組,分別在10套帶有生存信息的GEO基因芯片數(shù)據(jù)(共計(jì)1 367例樣本)中進(jìn)行Kaplan-Meier生存分析。結(jié)果顯示,只有MCM4 mRNA在10套GEO數(shù)據(jù)中均能顯著區(qū)分生存,并且均是在MCM4 mRNA高表達(dá)時(shí),肺腺癌的總生存率下降(χ2=4.16~10.70,P<0.05)。見圖2。
2.3與MCM4相關(guān)的miRNA和lncRNA篩選
為深入研究MCM4影響肺腺癌總生存的分子機(jī)制,進(jìn)一步在TCGA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中篩選與MCM4相關(guān)的miRNA和lncRNA,探索可能的lncRNA-miRNA-MCM4調(diào)控通路。將所有表達(dá)的miRNA與MCM4進(jìn)行線性相關(guān)分析,入選條件:①R<-0.3,P<0.001;②符合miRanda miRNA-mRNA關(guān)系對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)算法。結(jié)果滿足條件的miRNA僅有1個(gè),為miR-338-3p,與MCM4呈顯著線性負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.379,P<0.001)。將所有表達(dá)的lncRNA與MCM4進(jìn)行線性相關(guān)分析,入選條件:①r>0.3,P<0.001;②符合DIANA tools lncRNA-miRNA關(guān)系對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)算法。結(jié)果共篩選到3個(gè)lncRNA,分別為ENSG00000228801.5、ENSG00000234129.3以及ENSG00000259758.1,三者均與MCM4呈顯著的線性正相關(guān)(r=0.431~0.461,P<0.001)。據(jù)此,可以得到3條可能影響肺腺癌總生存的lncRNA-miRNA-MCM4通路:ENSG00000228801.5→miR-338-3p→MCM4、ENSG00000234129.3→miR-338-3p→MCM4、ENSG00000259758.1→miR-338-3p→MCM4。miRNA和lncRNA與MCM4 mRNA的相關(guān)性分析見圖3。
3討論
近10余年來,隨著分子靶向藥物的不斷涌現(xiàn),肺腺癌的治療已經(jīng)從以鉑類為基礎(chǔ)的化療發(fā)展到個(gè)體化分子精準(zhǔn)治療。越來越多的驅(qū)動(dòng)基因被發(fā)現(xiàn)并被應(yīng)用于臨床治療。本研究應(yīng)用生物信息分析技術(shù)從大數(shù)據(jù)挖掘影響肺腺癌總生存的mRNA角度著手,對(duì)1 367例mRNA基因芯片樣本進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果顯示,MCM4 mRNA高表達(dá)可顯著縮短肺腺癌病人的總生存時(shí)間。查閱文獻(xiàn)未見MCM4 mRNA與肺腺癌侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移及總生存時(shí)間之間關(guān)系的報(bào)道。MCM4是微小染色體維持蛋白家族成員[9-11],與DNA復(fù)制的啟動(dòng)相關(guān)[9,12-15]。MCM4在婦科腫瘤中的研究較多,結(jié)果顯示MCM4在宮頸癌、卵巢漿液性腫瘤、子宮內(nèi)膜腺癌中高表達(dá),并與其不良預(yù)后相關(guān)[16-17]。亦有研究顯示,MCM4在食管癌中高表達(dá),并與食管癌的早期發(fā)生相關(guān)[18]。MCM4在肺癌
6期張建波,等. 大數(shù)據(jù)挖掘影響肺腺癌總生存的分子機(jī)制641中的研究較少,KIKUCHI等[19]研究顯示,MCM4高表達(dá)可促進(jìn)肺癌細(xì)胞增殖,并且MCM4高表達(dá)與男性、吸煙、組織低分化相關(guān),可促進(jìn)Ki-67及細(xì)胞周期蛋白E的表達(dá)。然而,MCM4促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖及導(dǎo)致不良預(yù)后的機(jī)制研究仍較少,在卵巢癌中的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),轉(zhuǎn)錄因子E2F2可誘導(dǎo)MCM4的高表達(dá),并縮短病人的總生存時(shí)間[20]。
本研究對(duì)TCGA數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中RNA測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果顯示,MCM4在肺腺癌樣本中高表達(dá),并且其高表達(dá)在10套獨(dú)立GEO數(shù)據(jù)中均可顯著縮短病人的總生存時(shí)間。進(jìn)一步行生物信息分析得到了其上游的3條通路:ENSG00000228801.5→miR-338-3p→MCM4、ENSG00000234129.3→miR-338-3p→MCM4、ENSG00000259758.1→miR-338-3p→MCM4。這為后續(xù)研究MCM4影響肺腺癌總生存的分子機(jī)制提供了思路,或可通過深入探索為肺腺癌的精準(zhǔn)治療提供分子依據(jù)。
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