關(guān)注線索詞 巧解七選五

陜西 南美蘭

在高考閱讀訓(xùn)練中，七選五閱讀是很多學(xué)生感到頭疼的一種閱讀題型。一些選項意義相近，干擾性大。學(xué)生在糾結(jié)之后，還是無法選對，更有甚者，還有全選錯的情況，七選五就那么難嗎？

在最近的練考中我發(fā)現(xiàn)七選五閱讀的文章體裁以說明文和議論文居多，且文章內(nèi)容過程完整，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，經(jīng)?？疾榈氖侵黝}句、過渡句和細(xì)節(jié)句。只要多加訓(xùn)練，結(jié)合做題策略，此題是可以得滿分的。那么，七選五閱讀的策略和竅門在哪里呢？

我們知道，英語的句、段之間經(jīng)常會運用關(guān)聯(lián)詞或某些具有關(guān)聯(lián)作用的詞表示銜接和過渡，使文章邏輯更清晰和連貫。因此，在做題時，一定要注意并抓住文章中和選項中表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的信息、提示或暗示性信號，將這些線索或暗示很好地結(jié)合起來，以理解文章的寫作思路和發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。例如，表示并列或遞進關(guān)系的詞，一般表示前后句子的名詞或句意具有同指性。表示轉(zhuǎn)折或讓步關(guān)系的詞則往往表示前后句子的名詞同指，但句意對立，或褒貶對立或肯否對立；表示例證關(guān)系的詞則意味著在舉例之前或之后有表示概念或某一觀點的句子，往往會有復(fù)述的名詞出現(xiàn)。常見的關(guān)聯(lián)詞及有關(guān)聯(lián)作用的副詞或短語如下：

1.表示并列或遞進關(guān)系

and, or, also，other, neither...nor... , one... ,the other..., some... ,others, either...or... , likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as，the same...as, besides,additionally, furthermore, moreover，in addition to, what’s more等。

2.表示轉(zhuǎn)折或讓步關(guān)系

but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than,instead of, it is true that, although, though, even though, even if,nevertheless, despite, in spite of, regardless of等。

3.表示例證的詞

for example, for instance, let’s take...for example等。

4.表示因果關(guān)系

because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so...that,consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that(因為), for this reason, of course等。

5.表示時間關(guān)系

afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place,to start with, in the meantime, last, later, next, second, secondly,then, third, thirdly, to begin with, finally, eventually, in the end等。

6.表示概括總結(jié)性

therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word, all in all等。

熟練掌握了這些文章脈絡(luò)發(fā)展的線索詞之后，做七選五閱讀時尋找、關(guān)注、揣摩，作答時就會事半功倍。

典例分析：

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

We all remember a time when we fell in love. For some it was a gradual realization that the person you knew was actually amazing. 36 It’s an instant lightning-bolt moment that you knew you’d met your perfect match. What is it that makes someone instantly love someone? Physical attraction is an obvious answer but there are other reasons that can create affection for someone, personality and a good sense of humor to name just a few.

But according to experts, men look for signs of fertility and good health in a partner and the major indicator of that in women is the waist-hip ratio... the absolute ideal. 37 Well other experts have discovered they look for men who are taller, with broad shoulders and a relatively narrow waist—a“V” shaped figure.

38 There could be other factors that will cause someone to fall in love with you. People also use their sense of smell to sniff out their ideal mate. 39 Even if a potential partner’s smell is a passion-killer, their facial expressions might attract you.According to Professor David Perrett, at the School of Psychology and Neuroscience at St Andrews University, “We can change our faces by interacting with others and doing so in a pleasant manner, and that will aid our attractiveness and make others interested in us.”

So it’s good to know there are many reasons why we might fall in love with someone, but there is a problem; will the felling be mutual(相互的) and if it is, how long will it last? 40 We know from Shakespeare, the course of true love never ran smoothly!

A. Nothing is guaranteed.

B. Love is pure and permanent.

C. For others, it was love at first sight.

D. And what do women look for in men?

E. Why do men love beautiful women more?

F. Don’t be worried if your figure isn’t the perfect shape.

G. Obviously, we can judge people by the way they smell.

本文屬于說明文，介紹了為什么男女相愛（男人會愛上某一個女人或女人愛上某一個男人）的一些因素。

解析：

36題選C。本段第一句說We all remember a time when we fell in love. 空前有線索詞some，句子是講For some it was a gradual realization that the person you knew was actually amazing. 答案C是講對另一些人來說，則是一見鐘情。并且空后，是對C句的解釋說明，C句與前一句形成并列關(guān)系。故選C。

37題選D。仔細(xì)讀這段，空前講的是men的情況。空后講的是女人愛上男人的一些原因，特別是要關(guān)注線索詞：they。(they look for men who are taller, with broad shoulders and a relatively narrow waist——a “V” shaped figure.)

38題選F。由空后，There could be other factors that will cause someone to fall in love with you. 特別是線索詞other，可以知道，上一句是講讓某人愛上你的一個factor，即第2段所講的身材、外貌。故選F，F(xiàn)選項是過渡句，起承上啟下的作用。

39題選G。觀察空前空后，都說的是smell的情況，前句講People also use their sense of smell to sniff out their ideal mate。 后 句 講 Even if a potential partner’s smell is a passionkiller,...線索詞even if表示讓步，則前一句肯定是講smell的情況，故選G，此題屬于同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。

40題選A。觀察空前will the feeling be mutual（相互的）and if it is, how long will it last?可知空后是答語。由空后the course of true love never ran smoothly, 特別是never可知，答案選A，即沒有什么能保證愛是一帆風(fēng)順和永久不變的。