盤(pán)點(diǎn)特殊動(dòng)詞“there be”的特殊使用形式

河南 武學(xué)哲

在英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞“there be”的使用特別廣泛，在高考試題中的出現(xiàn)頻率也特別高。因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)形式特殊的動(dòng)詞，因此它與其他動(dòng)詞的混合使用以及它用于某些句型的形式也就比較特殊，再加上學(xué)生平時(shí)對(duì)這些特殊的使用形式不太留心，訓(xùn)練較少，所以學(xué)生對(duì)“there be”的掌握頗感困難。為幫助中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師有效地指導(dǎo)高中生進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)和方便學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)，下面對(duì)特殊動(dòng)詞“there be”常見(jiàn)的特殊使用形式加以盤(pán)點(diǎn)和總結(jié)，以期對(duì)各位中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師的教學(xué)和學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。

一、動(dòng)詞“there be”的不定式一般式為“there to be”；完成式為“there to have been”

常有以下使用情況：

1.“there to be”與某些可接不定式的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞連用。例如：

She wants there to be a colour TV set in her room. 她希望在她房間里能有一臺(tái)彩電。

I wish there to be no misunderstanding about the matter.我希望對(duì)這件事不要有誤解。

The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.學(xué)生們希望在期末考試之前有更多的復(fù)習(xí)課。

2.“there to be”與動(dòng)詞seem， appear， happen等連用。例如：

There seems to be something wrong with her.她看起來(lái)好像出了什么事似的。（seem的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面的主語(yǔ)something）

There seem to be many people on the square.廣場(chǎng)上似乎有很多人。（seem的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面的主語(yǔ)many people）

There doesn’t seem to have been any difficulty over this question.在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上似乎從來(lái)就沒(méi)有什么困難。（本句為seem與there be不定式的完成式連用）

There appears to be an animal behind the tree.樹(shù)的后面好像有只動(dòng)物。

There happened to be a doctor at the spot when she fell ill all of a sudden.當(dāng)她突然生病時(shí)，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)恰好有一位醫(yī)生。

3.“there to be”用于“be going to”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

There is going to be a meeting this evening.今晚將有一個(gè)會(huì)議。

He said that there were going to be ten foreigners to attend the concert.他說(shuō)將有十個(gè)外國(guó)人參加音樂(lè)會(huì)。

4.“there to be”用于“It+be +形容詞+for”句型。例如：

It is too late for there to be any buses.天太晚了，不會(huì)有公共汽車(chē)了。

It is impossible for there to be any food.不可能再有食物了。

It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young.年輕人和老年人之間有交流方面的問(wèn)題是常見(jiàn)的。

5.“there to be” 還 可 和 某 些 動(dòng) 詞 如 expect，say，believe，think等的被動(dòng)式連用。例如：

There are expected to be more good films.（=It is expected that there will be more good films.）希望能有更多的好電影。

There is said to be an earthquake in that country next year.(=It is said that there will be an earthquake in that country next year.)據(jù)說(shuō)明年那個(gè)國(guó)家將有一次地震。

二、動(dòng)詞“there be”的現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式為“there being”；完成式為“there having been”

例如：There being no buses, we had to walk home.因?yàn)闆](méi)有公共汽車(chē)了，我們不得不步行回家。( There being在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)“There being no buses”中作邏輯謂語(yǔ))

There being no further business , I declared the meeting closed.因?yàn)闆](méi)有其他事情，我宣布散會(huì)。

There having been much difficulty in solving the problem, it remains unsettled.解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題一直存在很多困難，所以現(xiàn)在還未解決。

三、動(dòng)詞“there be”的動(dòng)名詞形式的一般式也為“there being”；完成式為“there having been”, 可在句子中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)

例如：There being a bus stop near the house is a great advantage.在房子附近有個(gè)公交站點(diǎn)是個(gè)很大的便利。（動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)）

No one could have dreamt of there being such an opportunity.誰(shuí)都不會(huì)想到會(huì)有這么一次機(jī)遇。（動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)）

Is there any chance of there being a vacancy in this hotel tomorrow?這家旅館明天有可能有空房間嗎？（動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)）

I still remember there having been a big tree in front of the house. 我還記得房前有棵樹(shù)。（動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)）

四、動(dòng)詞“there be”的現(xiàn)在完成式為“there has been”和“there have been”; 過(guò)去完成式為“there had been”

例如：There has been some doubt about what he said.他說(shuō)的話一直讓人存在一些疑惑。（主語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞doubt）

There have been several meetings since May 4, 2015. 自2015年5月4日以來(lái)已經(jīng)開(kāi)了幾次會(huì)了。（主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞meetings）

He said that there had been a traffic accident the day before.他說(shuō)在前一天發(fā)生了交通事故。（主語(yǔ)為a traffic accident）

五、動(dòng)詞“there be”的一般式和完成式可與助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如will，shall，can，could，may，might，must，would，should，ought to，used to 等連用

例如：There will be a sports meeting next month.下個(gè)月將有一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。

He said that there would be a lecture the following day.他說(shuō)第二天將有一場(chǎng)講座。

There must have been over 3000 people on the square that day.那天廣場(chǎng)上肯定有三千多人。

There used to be three old pine trees in our schoolyard.我們校園里以前有三棵古松樹(shù)。

六、動(dòng)詞“there be”用于某些特定句型

例如：There is/was（no）need to do sth.“（沒(méi)）有必要做某事”

There is/was（no）difficulty/trouble/point/sense/delay (in)doing sth.“做某事（沒(méi)）有困難/意義/延誤”

There is/was（no）hope/chance/possibility of doing sth.“（沒(méi)）有做某事的希望/機(jī)會(huì)/可能性”

There is/was no doubt/saying/denying/telling/knowing+that/wh-從句。“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)/很難說(shuō)/不能否認(rèn)/無(wú)法判斷/無(wú)法知道……”

There is no need to worry about the driving test.沒(méi)有必要為駕駛考試擔(dān)憂。

There was no sense in arguing with them.與他們爭(zhēng)論沒(méi)有意義。

There is no possibility of his coming to our assistance.他不可能來(lái)幫助我們。

There is no denying that Tom participated in the fight.不可否認(rèn)湯姆參與了這次打斗。

七、“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)的變體

“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)中，有時(shí)be還可以被live, exist, lie, stand,seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等動(dòng)詞代替。例如：

Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村子里住著一位老人。

There lies a beautiful lake beside the small town.小城鎮(zhèn)的旁邊有個(gè)美麗的湖。

There remained just fifty-three pounds. 只剩下五十三英鎊了。

There seems little doubt that he is to blame for the big fire.似乎毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)他應(yīng)該為這場(chǎng)大火負(fù)責(zé)任。