熟悉七選五命題特點(diǎn)，輕松得高分

湖北

七選五之于全國(guó)卷并非新題型，早在1996年全國(guó)高考英語(yǔ)試卷中就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了該題型的原型——補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。只不過(guò)那時(shí)的題型是一組對(duì)話，對(duì)話中挖空5處，需要從所給的7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出5個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。從2010年開(kāi)始，全國(guó)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)卷出現(xiàn)了同如今七選五一樣的試題模式，即在一篇短文中設(shè)置5個(gè)空，從所給的7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的5個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

經(jīng)過(guò)9年的實(shí)驗(yàn)，該題型已經(jīng)逐漸完善。但由于近幾年全國(guó)卷（尤其是卷Ⅰ）文章篇幅變長(zhǎng)（2016—2018年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ詞數(shù)分別是181，220，247），長(zhǎng)難句增多，且文體不定型（2016—2018年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ七選五的體裁分別是說(shuō)明文、夾敘夾議文、說(shuō)明文），前后邏輯性不是特別明顯等問(wèn)題，導(dǎo)致該題型難度越來(lái)越大，致使很多考生望七選五題而卻步?？墒聦?shí)上，如果教師深入分析七選五的命題特點(diǎn)，并指導(dǎo)考生運(yùn)用一些策略解題是可以輕松得高分的。

一、命題特點(diǎn)

1.設(shè)空三位置

七選五通常在一篇短文中的三個(gè)位置設(shè)空，即段首、段中和段尾。

（1）設(shè)在段首

設(shè)在段首的句子一般都是本段落的主旨句。因此，考生答題時(shí)務(wù)必先熟讀本段落，了解其主旨大意，而后從備選項(xiàng)中找出能夠體現(xiàn)這一段落主旨的選項(xiàng)。如：

A.While all of them are useful

B.Whatever you’re looking for

C.If you’re experimenting with a color

D.Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with

E.It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces

F.So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time

G.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways

A.You will stick to your diet.

B.Your quality of sleep improves.

C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.

D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.

E.You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.

F.After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.

G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!

【解析】①D。本文上一段提出了有“小、中、大”三種規(guī)模的顏色選擇，之后分別講述了中、大兩種規(guī)模的顏色選擇，故本段應(yīng)該介紹小規(guī)模的顏色選擇，根據(jù)空格后的 They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows...也可驗(yàn)證。故選項(xiàng)D符合本段主旨。

②39.B。本段講述的是早起進(jìn)行晨練比在晚上進(jìn)行鍛煉的人睡眠質(zhì)量更高，在晚上鍛煉會(huì)讓自己興奮而導(dǎo)致睡眠質(zhì)量下降。選項(xiàng)B“（晨練使得）你的睡眠質(zhì)量提高”符合本段主旨。

40.A。本段講述堅(jiān)持晨練還可以讓你保持健康飲食的習(xí)慣。選項(xiàng)A“你會(huì)堅(jiān)持你的飲食習(xí)慣”符合本段主旨。

（2）設(shè)在段中

當(dāng)選項(xiàng)設(shè)在段中的時(shí)候，該選項(xiàng)必定與上下文的信息彼此相通，能夠起到既承接上文，又銜接下文的作用。故認(rèn)真閱讀全段內(nèi)容，尤其是透徹理解空格前后的句意和相關(guān)信息是答題的關(guān)鍵。如：

（2018年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ）Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.

A.While all of them are useful

B.Whatever you’re looking for

C.If you’re experimenting with a color

D.Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with

E.It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces

F.So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time

G.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways

【解析】G。根據(jù)前文“中型顏色選擇通常是指一些例如沙發(fā)、餐桌或者書(shū)架等家具的顏色選擇”，接著表明這種范圍的顏色選擇是對(duì)小型顏色選擇在兩種方式上的進(jìn)一步提示，故選G。

（3）設(shè)在段尾

設(shè)空在段尾時(shí)常常是對(duì)本段內(nèi)容的一種歸納、總結(jié)或是補(bǔ)充，也可以是對(duì)前面某一觀點(diǎn)的具體說(shuō)明或解釋?？忌痤}時(shí)必須認(rèn)真閱讀全段內(nèi)容，縷清主要線索和要點(diǎn)，對(duì)照選項(xiàng)認(rèn)真比較，找出補(bǔ)充或歸納段落內(nèi)容的信息。如：

（2018年全國(guó)卷Ⅱ）Your productivity is improved.Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever

is ahead of you for the day.

A.You will stick to your diet.

B.Your quality of sleep improves.

C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.

D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.

E.You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.

F.After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.

G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!

【解析】E。根據(jù)上一句“鍛煉會(huì)讓你更加神清氣爽，更好地應(yīng)對(duì)一天當(dāng)中發(fā)生的任何事情?！边x項(xiàng)E“鍛煉后，你的頭腦可以保持清醒4 ~ 10個(gè)小時(shí)”是對(duì)上一句很好的補(bǔ)充。

2.設(shè)空為標(biāo)題句

有時(shí)，七選五的文章可能有若干個(gè)小標(biāo)題，每一小標(biāo)題便是對(duì)下一段落主旨的概括。因此，解答小標(biāo)題類題和解答設(shè)空在段首的題一樣，需要考生認(rèn)真閱讀本段落，清楚了解其段落大意，然后選擇一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題句。解答這種類型的題目有一個(gè)訣竅：一般而言，一篇文章若有若干個(gè)小標(biāo)題，這些小標(biāo)題在結(jié)構(gòu)上大體是一致的。如（2017年

If the plot, characters, or word usage is confusing for you,you likely won’t be able to remember what you read.It’s a bit like reading a foreign language.If you don’t understand what you’re reading, how would you remember it? But there are a few things you can do...Use a dictionary; look up the difficult words.

A.Are you confused?

B.Practice makes perfect.

C.What’s your motivation?

D.Memory is sometimes a tricky thing.

E.Marking helps you remember what you read.

F.But other books require a bit more work on your part.

G.You can do the same thing when you are reading the text!

【解析】A。本文共有四個(gè)小標(biāo)題，除了第32空外，其余三個(gè)分別是Are you connected? Read it; hear it; be it! 和How often do you read?這其中有兩個(gè)小標(biāo)題是一般疑問(wèn)句，一個(gè)是祈使句?？梢酝茰y(cè)出第32空的答案應(yīng)該在所提供的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的A和C之間。根據(jù)本段主旨主要講述如果閱讀時(shí)，文章的情節(jié)、角色或語(yǔ)言表述使自己困惑就難以記住所讀的內(nèi)容，因此選項(xiàng)A符合本段主旨，且一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)也符合其余兩個(gè)小標(biāo)題的形式。

3.設(shè)空處是一個(gè)復(fù)合句的一部分

這種情況以前在高考中很少出現(xiàn)，只在2017年全國(guó)卷Ⅱ中（第36、39題）出現(xiàn)，但2018年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ也有兩個(gè)小題屬于這種類型（第36、37題），這說(shuō)明今后七選五的命題方式可能會(huì)更加靈活。如：

（2018年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ）Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room.A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in.Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? __ 36__ , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.

Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point., they can get a little complex.But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones,and the large ones.

A.While all of them are useful B.Whatever you’re looking for

C.If you’re experimenting with a color D.Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with E.It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F.So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time

G.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways

【解析】首先從題型設(shè)置的特點(diǎn)上來(lái)分析，第36、37題均屬于復(fù)合句的一部分，且均為狀語(yǔ)從句，而選項(xiàng)中符合這一條件的只有A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，因此這兩道題的答案必定存在于這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)之中。

36.B。第一段前三句問(wèn)的是想要尋找什么樣的房間設(shè)計(jì)，而設(shè)空處后面的句子意為“顏色是使你的房間成為你自己想要的那種的關(guān)鍵”，因此B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)論你找什么”符合上下文的語(yǔ)境。

37.A。前句講的是“有幾種技巧幫助設(shè)計(jì)者”，設(shè)空處后面的句子意為“它們可能有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜”，顯然前后句帶有讓步的成分，故表達(dá)讓步的A選項(xiàng)（盡管它們都很有用）符合語(yǔ)境。

對(duì)于這種設(shè)題，只要考生能真正悟出命題者的“良苦用心”，定會(huì)心領(lǐng)神會(huì)，節(jié)約大量的思考時(shí)間。

二、解題策略

鑒于以上七選五題的命題特點(diǎn)和變化，在備考過(guò)程中，考生應(yīng)做到以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.培養(yǎng)整體邏輯思維最重要

七選五題不像其他閱讀理解題是針對(duì)某一信息進(jìn)行分析、推理或歸納判斷，而是從文章前后邏輯或句意之間的聯(lián)系來(lái)判斷。因此，考生對(duì)文章主旨的宏觀把握、上下文之間的前后邏輯以及句意之間的聯(lián)系的準(zhǔn)確理解最為關(guān)鍵。

考生應(yīng)該熟悉一些常見(jiàn)的文章銜接過(guò)渡語(yǔ)以及表達(dá)各種邏輯聯(lián)系的連接詞，如表示因果關(guān)系的because, so,therefore, thus, as a result等；表示讓步的while, although,though, whatever, despite of, regardless of等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的however, but, anyway, though等；表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover,what’s more/worse 等； 表 示 條 件 的 if, when, unless, on condition that, in case等。如2018年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ七選五的第36題表示“不管你尋找什么顏色”，whatever是最好的表示讓步的連接詞；第37題表示“盡管它們都很有用”，也是表示讓步的連接詞while引導(dǎo)的從句；第40題根據(jù)前后邏輯，表示因果關(guān)系：因?yàn)榇笠?guī)模的顏色選擇關(guān)系到整個(gè)房屋的設(shè)計(jì)，你所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間、精力、金錢都很重要，所以無(wú)論你花費(fèi)多大代價(jià)都是值得的。故表示因果關(guān)系的選項(xiàng)F.So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the fi rst time符合邏輯。

2.多閱讀各種體裁的文章，了解各種文體的組織結(jié)構(gòu)

七選五題的體裁多為說(shuō)明文，但全國(guó)卷I的七選五也曾先后出現(xiàn)過(guò)其他文章體裁，如記敘文、夾敘夾議文等。不同體裁的文章其組織、結(jié)構(gòu)自然也就不同。如開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾、過(guò)渡段都會(huì)有所區(qū)別。多閱讀各種體裁的文章可以熟悉各種文體的框架結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)和邏輯聯(lián)系。考試過(guò)程中自然就會(huì)有較好的語(yǔ)感，也能夠盡早地進(jìn)入閱讀和思考狀態(tài)，能更好理清文章脈絡(luò)，從而更準(zhǔn)確地補(bǔ)入所缺部分，使文章變得完整和統(tǒng)一。

3.善于尋找主題句，概括文章主題，理清文章脈絡(luò)

七選五題主要考查文章上下段、前后文以及上下句之間的聯(lián)系和邏輯。所缺的句子有的是段落主題句，有的是歸納、總結(jié)或擴(kuò)充句，有的只是前后串聯(lián)、過(guò)渡句。因此，考生平時(shí)在做閱讀訓(xùn)練時(shí)應(yīng)多從以上幾個(gè)方面有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行操練，從而熟悉七選五題型的答題步驟和技巧。

4.善于縮小選擇范圍

七選五有兩個(gè)多余的選項(xiàng)，如果能夠有效地排除1～2個(gè)選項(xiàng)，就會(huì)變成六選五甚至一對(duì)一，這樣選擇的準(zhǔn)確率就大大提高了。首先，需要通讀一遍文章，在了解文章大意和每個(gè)層面的梗概后，從七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中初步排除1～2個(gè)與主題無(wú)關(guān)、以偏概全或句意相反的選項(xiàng)，以縮小選擇范圍。如2018年全國(guó)卷Ⅱ：

If you are already making the time to exercise，it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.

●Your productivity is improved.Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.

● Your metabolism（新陳代謝）gets a head start.___ 38_If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie（卡路里）burning benefits for the whole day，not in your sleep.

There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings.Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.

A.You will stick to your diet.

B.Your quality of sleep improves.

C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.

D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.

E.You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.

F.After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.

G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!

本文主要講述晨練對(duì)身體的好處。選項(xiàng)C“你喜歡健康食物勝過(guò)快餐”與主題無(wú)關(guān)，D選項(xiàng)“你沒(méi)有任何理由需要在早晨鍛煉”完全與文章主題相悖。因此了解本文主旨后，這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以輕易排除。

5.借助特殊的設(shè)題方式快捷找到答案

例如2018年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ七選五的第36和37小題都是缺少一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句的一部分（狀語(yǔ)從句），如此可輕松找到在七選項(xiàng)中適合填入其中的選項(xiàng)（A、B、C），試想在三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇兩個(gè)，其難度要減少很多，既然都是主從復(fù)合句的從句部分，根據(jù)句意前后聯(lián)系和邏輯找到合適的選項(xiàng)已不是難事。又如有的設(shè)空處是小標(biāo)題，這樣通過(guò)尋找選項(xiàng)中與其余小標(biāo)題結(jié)構(gòu)一致的選項(xiàng)也能快速定位到答案的范圍，之后通過(guò)段落主旨就能鎖定最佳選項(xiàng)。