中藥新產(chǎn)品研發(fā)中的文化自信與科學(xué)精神芻議

余林中（中國(guó)藥理學(xué)會(huì)中藥與天然藥物藥理專(zhuān)業(yè)委員會(huì)副主任委員，南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)教授，主要從事中藥及其有效成分、中藥復(fù)方與治法藥理學(xué)研究和中藥新藥研發(fā)。）

國(guó)家衛(wèi)生和計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì)副主任、國(guó)家中醫(yī)藥管理局局長(zhǎng)王國(guó)強(qiáng)同志2017年2月24日在人民日?qǐng)?bào)發(fā)表《以高度文化自信推動(dòng)中醫(yī)藥振興發(fā)展》的署名文章。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)中醫(yī)藥學(xué)是中華民族的瑰寶，是不斷豐富發(fā)展的醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)，中醫(yī)藥的發(fā)展和突破必將對(duì)中華文化和世界文明的未來(lái)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生巨大的積極作用。眾所周知，在人類(lèi)歷史上，很多民族都有自己獨(dú)特的醫(yī)藥知識(shí)或民族醫(yī)藥學(xué)。中醫(yī)藥學(xué)是中華民族在長(zhǎng)期與疾病作斗爭(zhēng)的醫(yī)療實(shí)踐中不斷積累、發(fā)展并傳承至今的傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥學(xué)體系，凝聚著中華民族智慧，數(shù)千年來(lái)為中華民族的繁衍生息做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。在現(xiàn)代醫(yī)藥學(xué)已高度發(fā)達(dá)的今天，世界上許多傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)已逐漸淡出乃至消亡，中醫(yī)藥卻得到較好的繼承和不斷的發(fā)展，并仍將是中華民族乃至全人類(lèi)防治疾病、維護(hù)健康的重要手段。毋庸置疑，中醫(yī)藥是中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的杰出代表，是世界傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥的榜樣。對(duì)此，我們應(yīng)有充分的自信。國(guó)際藥理學(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì)（IUPHAR）秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)Michael SPEDDING教授一行來(lái)到今天的論壇或許正緣于此?！網(wǎng)ANG Guo-qiang,Deputy Director of State Health and Family Planning Commission and Director of the State Administration of TCM,published a signed article entitledPromoting the Revitalization and the Development of Tradi?tional Chinese Medicine with High Cultural Confi?dencein thePeople′s Dailyon February 24,2017.The article highlights that TCM is the trea?sure of the Chinese nation and a continuously enriched medical science.The development and breakthrough of TCM will certainly have a great positive effect on the future development of Chinese culture and world civilization.As we all know,many ethnic groups have their own unique medical knowledge in the history of mankind.TCM is a traditionalmedicine system thathas been constantly accumulating,developing and inheriting in the process of disease treatments.It reflects the wisdom of the Chinese nation and has made great contributions to the generation and procre?ation of the Chinese nation for thousands of years.Nowadays,with the development of modern medical science,a large amount of traditional medicine in the world has been gradually fading out or even dying out.However,TCM is well inheriting and developing.It is still an important means to prevent disease and maintain health for the Chinese nation and all mankind.There is no doubt that TCM is a representative of the excellent traditional Chinese culture and a good sample of the world′s traditional medicine.We should have full confidence about this.This may be the reason why Professor Michael SPED?DING,Secretary-General of IUPHAR,and his colleagues come to today′s forum.】

然而，推動(dòng)中醫(yī)藥振興發(fā)展僅靠對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化的自信是不夠的，在發(fā)展的路徑、振興的方法上我們還要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)精神?？茖W(xué)精神是貫穿于科學(xué)活動(dòng)的基本精神狀態(tài)與思維方式，包含著人們?cè)诳茖W(xué)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中形成的共同信念、價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和行為規(guī)范。它約束科學(xué)家的行為，也是在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域獲得成功的保證。中醫(yī)藥學(xué)表現(xiàn)為“醫(yī)學(xué)與哲學(xué)、自然科學(xué)與人文科學(xué)的融合和統(tǒng)一”，既具有自然科學(xué)屬性，亦具有人文和社會(huì)等非自然科學(xué)屬性，而解決中醫(yī)藥學(xué)中的自然科學(xué)問(wèn)題就要用自然科學(xué)的方法去解決，用科學(xué)精神來(lái)引領(lǐng)我們的行動(dòng)?！綡owever,it is not enough to promote the revitalization of TCM only by increasing the confidence in the tradi?tional culture.We should emphasize the scientific spirit in the development and revitalization of TCM.The scientific spirit is the basic mental state and the mode of thinking in scientific activities,including the common beliefs,values and criteria of conduct.It guides scientists′behavior and guarantees success in the field of science.TCM is characterized by"the coalescence and the unification of medicine and philosophy,natural sciences and the humanities".It has not only the scientific property,but also the non-scientific property such as the humanities and social sci?ences.Therefore,we should solve scientific prob?lems in TCM by scientific methods and guide our action by the spirit of science.】

中藥新產(chǎn)品研發(fā)就屬于典型的自然科學(xué)問(wèn)題，就需要也只能用自然科學(xué)的方法去解決。至于具體采用什么樣的科學(xué)方法，從自然科學(xué)本質(zhì)上的統(tǒng)一性來(lái)說(shuō)，無(wú)論是中醫(yī)藥的還是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)特別是現(xiàn)代醫(yī)藥學(xué)的理論、方法和技術(shù)都可以靈活應(yīng)用，中醫(yī)藥與現(xiàn)代醫(yī)藥學(xué)的結(jié)合更是被提倡并長(zhǎng)期踐行的方法。中藥藥理就是中醫(yī)藥與現(xiàn)代醫(yī)藥學(xué)交流、融合而形成的新學(xué)科。中藥藥理學(xué)科能較多、較快地吸收現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的新思想、新理論、新方法、新技術(shù)，其最顯著的特征在于新，基本研究手段是科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的基本研究方法，實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的客觀性、準(zhǔn)確性和可重復(fù)性是現(xiàn)代醫(yī)藥學(xué)優(yōu)勢(shì)所在。在很大程度上可以說(shuō)中藥藥理是中醫(yī)藥與現(xiàn)代科學(xué)最富活力的結(jié)合點(diǎn)，也是中藥新產(chǎn)品研發(fā)過(guò)程中不可或缺的研究方法?！綯he research and development of new products of TCM is a typical problem in natural science,which can be solved only by methods used in natural science.According to the homogeneity of the essence of natural science,both TCM and modern science,espe?cially the theories,the methods and the technolo?gies of modern science,can be flexibly used to solve the problem.Moreover,the combination of TCM and modern medicine should be advocated and practiced for a long time.The pharmacology of TCM is a new subject which is formed by the exchange of TCM with modern medicine.The pharmacology of TCM rapidly absorbs new theo?ries and new methods from modern medicine.So,"novelty"is the most significant feature of this subject.The basic research approach to the pharmacology of TCM is to perform the same scientific experiments as in modern science.The objectivity,accuracy and repeatability of experi?ments are the fundamental strength of modern medicine.To a large extent,TCM and modern medicine are combined most in the pharmacology of TCM and this subject is a necessary method in the research and development of new Chinese medicine products.】

我們?cè)谥兴幮庐a(chǎn)品研究中強(qiáng)調(diào)中醫(yī)藥理論的指導(dǎo)作用，但不必像質(zhì)疑青蒿素是中藥還是西藥那樣過(guò)于糾結(jié)成果姓“中”還是姓“西”。事實(shí)上，青蒿素及與之類(lèi)似的研究恰恰是在中西醫(yī)藥兩種理論和方法指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行中藥新產(chǎn)品研發(fā)的典范，繼承不泥古，創(chuàng)新未離宗。而且，像青蒿素這樣由中藥新產(chǎn)品研發(fā)入手解決危害人類(lèi)健康的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題，是中醫(yī)藥振興發(fā)展的更直接方法，是中醫(yī)藥國(guó)際化的更有效途徑，也充分體現(xiàn)了我們的文化自信和科學(xué)精神。【W(wǎng)e emphasize the guiding role of TCM theory in the research of new Chinese medicine prod?ucts,but there is no need to question whther the products belong to TCM or western medicine,such as artemisinin.In fact,artemisinin and similar studies are excellent examples of new TCM prod?ucts under the guidance of the theories and methods of TCM and modern medicine.Innova?tion is inseparable from its origin,while inheri?tance does not rigidly adhere to the past.More?over,performing the research and development of new product of TCM as that of artemisinin is a more direct way to revitalization,development and internationalization ofTCM,which fully embodies our cultural confidence and scientific spirit.】