從句是組成句子的高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu),能夠提升學(xué)生的寫作水平。然而部分考生難以分清從句的類型而亂用、錯(cuò)用引導(dǎo)詞,因此,非常有必要尋找科學(xué)有效的方法對(duì)從句,特別是部分特定的主從復(fù)合句給以分類、歸納、熟記并加以訓(xùn)練和利用,這樣就考生們就一定能夠在高考的書面表達(dá)中獲取高分。
1. 首先判斷是否下列特定詞后的從句
1.1 下列名詞后的從句常用that 引導(dǎo)(同位語(yǔ)從句,that不可?。?/p>
1) News / Word (消息) came that...
2) information, belief, fact, order, hope, thought, truth, evidence, idea, possibility, request, promise, decision, conclusion, proposal 等;
1.2 下列詞語(yǔ)后的從句常用where引導(dǎo):
1) sb. + remain + where...
2) put / leave / lay / place + n. + where + S + V...
(狀語(yǔ)從句。另要熟記該句式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中依然用where)
3) 下列名詞后常用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(從句中不缺主語(yǔ)也不缺賓語(yǔ)):
situation, condition, case, race, scene, activity, position, site, point, process, family, job, system;
1.3 表前后轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比時(shí)常見(jiàn)句式:
1) He works hard, while / yet his young brother doesnt. (然而)
2) He works hard; however, his brother hasnt made any progress. (然而)
3) He works hard; his brother hasnt made any progress, though. (然而)
4) Its a great meal, though / although it cost us much money. (盡管)
5) While / Although it is freezing, the boys are playing outdoors. (盡管)
2. 其次判斷是否下列特定句式中的從句
2.1 常用when句式:
1) sb. was -ing sth. when... (正在……這時(shí)……)
2) sb. was about to do sth. when... (正要……這時(shí)……)
3) sb. had -ed sth. when... (剛剛完成……這時(shí)……)
4) Days are gone when... (……的日子一去不復(fù)返了)
5) occasion + when... (……的狀況、環(huán)境)
2.2 常用before或since引導(dǎo)的從句:
“It + be + 一段時(shí)間 + since / before + S + / does do/ did...”
若be是 is / has been用since表“自……來(lái)多久了”;若是be的其他形式則用before表 “才、就 ……”:
2.3 常用as引導(dǎo)的句式:
1) 句首是名詞原形、動(dòng)詞原形、或形容詞、副詞時(shí)用as表“雖然,盡管”:
① Child as he is, he knows a lot.
② Much as I like it, I wont buy it, for its too expensive.
③ Try as he might, he couldnt find a job.
2) 下列句式中常用as, 表:“像,按照”,“正如,正像”
① as sb. did / do / does;
② as (sb. be) told to
③ as is + -ed
④ as ... saying goes
⑤ as is often the case
3. 辨析以下句式中的引導(dǎo)詞
① It is / was + not until ... + that ...
② It is / was + not ... but ... + that ...
③ It is / was + because ... + that ...
④ It is / was + 介詞 + 時(shí)間性詞語(yǔ)+ that ...
⑤ It is / was + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) + when ... (時(shí)間從句)
4. 結(jié)語(yǔ)
從句類型豐富多彩,除以上特定句式外,更多的是一般情況的從句,處理該類問(wèn)題是均需要分清從句類型并依據(jù)不同從句的特定要求判斷引導(dǎo)詞。掌握基本的從句引導(dǎo)詞判定規(guī)則并加以時(shí)常運(yùn)用,一定能夠很好地提升寫作水平。
范懷濤. 英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)明用法解讀[M]. 長(zhǎng)春: 吉林人民出版社, 2016.
(作者單位:山東省棗莊市第三中學(xué))