陳 萍 胡 平
江蘇省鹽城市第一人民醫(yī)院腫瘤科,江蘇鹽城 224000
培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑與紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑一線治療轉(zhuǎn)移性肺腺癌的療效對(duì)比觀察
陳 萍 胡 平
江蘇省鹽城市第一人民醫(yī)院腫瘤科,江蘇鹽城 224000
目的探討培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑與紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑治療轉(zhuǎn)移性肺腺癌的療效﹑無進(jìn)展生存期和毒副反應(yīng)。方法培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑組(PC組):培美曲塞500mg/m2,第1天靜脈滴注30min,順鉑75mg/m2,第1~3天每天靜脈滴注2h。培美曲塞用藥前1周常規(guī)預(yù)處理,肌肉注射維生素B12 1000μg 1次,葉酸400μg/d,用藥前一天,用藥當(dāng)天﹑用藥后一天口服地塞米松4mg,每日2次。紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑組(TP組):紫杉醇135mg/m2,第1天靜脈滴注2h,順鉑75mg/m2,第1~3天每天靜脈滴注2h。兩種方案均21d為1個(gè)化療周期,至少完成4周期以上化療。按照RECIST標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)價(jià)化療療效和毒性。結(jié)果PC組和TP組的有效率分別為45.8%﹑41.7%(P>0.05)。48例患者均可評(píng)價(jià)療效,PC組部分緩解11例,穩(wěn)定8例,進(jìn)展5例,有效率45.8%,疾病控制率79.2%;TP組部分緩解10例,穩(wěn)定7例,進(jìn)展7例,有效率41.7%,疾病控制率70.8%。中位無進(jìn)展生存期(PFS)分別為5.7個(gè)月和4.6個(gè)月(P=0.021)。兩組主要毒副反應(yīng)主要為骨髓抑制﹑胃腸道反應(yīng)和周圍神經(jīng)毒性。紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑組的骨髓毒性及胃腸道不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率較高。結(jié)論培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑治療轉(zhuǎn)移性肺腺癌的近期療效與紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑方案相當(dāng),但培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑方案無進(jìn)展生存期延長,毒副反應(yīng)輕,安全性高,是較理想的化療方案。
肺腺癌;培美曲塞;紫杉醇;順鉑;化學(xué)治療
近年來,肺癌的發(fā)病率和死亡率均排在惡性腫瘤的首位[1-2]。其中,肺腺癌的發(fā)病率逐年升高,超過70%的患者為中晚期,常失去手術(shù)機(jī)會(huì),因此化療是治療進(jìn)展期和轉(zhuǎn)移性肺腺癌的主要手段之一。培美曲塞(pemetrexed)是一種新型的多靶點(diǎn)抗葉酸制劑,作用于葉酸依賴性代謝途徑中的多個(gè)酶,包括胸苷酸合成酶(TS),二氫葉酸還原酶(DHFR)和甘氨酰胺核苷甲?;D(zhuǎn)移酶(GARFT)等,從而抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長[3-4]。由于其耐受性較好,不良反應(yīng)小,與鉑類藥物聯(lián)合應(yīng)用治療晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌(NSCLC)受到推崇。因此,本研究于2013年1月~2016年12月期間,采用培美曲塞或紫杉醇(paclitaxel)聯(lián)合順鉑(cisplatin)的方案,治療轉(zhuǎn)移性肺腺癌患者48例,進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究,觀察和比較兩種聯(lián)合化療方案的療效﹑無進(jìn)展生存期(PFS)及不良反應(yīng)。
表1 48例患者的近期療效
我們?cè)?013年1月~2016年12月期間,采用培美曲塞或紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑的方案,治療轉(zhuǎn)移性肺腺癌患者48例。PC組24例患者,其中女13例,男11例;年齡45~73歲,平均(59.9±8.6)歲;按照病情程度:多處病灶轉(zhuǎn)移9例,單處病灶轉(zhuǎn)移15例。TP組24例患者,其中女14例,男10例;年齡48~72歲,平均(60.5±7.1)歲;按照病情程度:多處病灶轉(zhuǎn)移8例,單處病灶轉(zhuǎn)移16例。48例轉(zhuǎn)移性肺腺癌患者均為初治,所有患者均經(jīng)病理學(xué)或細(xì)胞學(xué)確診為肺腺癌,有可測(cè)量評(píng)價(jià)的病灶。對(duì)兩組患者性別﹑年齡﹑病情程度資料進(jìn)行比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
PC組:培美曲塞(江蘇森豪藥業(yè)股份有限公 司,H20051288)500mg/m2,第 1天靜 脈 滴 注30min,順鉑(齊魯制藥有限公司,H20073653)75mg/m2,第1~3天每天靜脈滴注2h。培美曲塞用藥前1周常規(guī)預(yù)處理,肌肉注射維生素B121000ug 1次,葉酸400μg/d,用藥前一天,用藥當(dāng)天﹑用藥后一天口服地塞米松4mg,每日2次。TP組:紫杉醇(揚(yáng)子江藥業(yè)集團(tuán)有限公司,H20053001)135mg/m2,第1天靜脈滴注2h,順鉑75mg/m2,第1~3天每天靜脈滴注2h。兩種方案均21d為1個(gè)化療周期,化療前后患者查血常規(guī)﹑肝腎功能。每進(jìn)行2周期化療后做胸腹部CT,頭顱MRI等評(píng)價(jià)療效。
近期療效按RECIST療效評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為完全緩解(CR)﹑部分緩解(PR)﹑穩(wěn)定(SD)和進(jìn)展(PD)。RECIST標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下[5-6]:CR:所有目標(biāo)病灶均消失,4周后復(fù)測(cè)確認(rèn);PR:基線病灶最大徑之和至少減小30%,4周后復(fù)測(cè)確認(rèn);SD:基線病灶最大徑之和有減小但未達(dá)PR或有增加但未達(dá)PD,4周后復(fù)測(cè)確認(rèn);PD:基線病灶最大徑之和至少增加20%,或出現(xiàn)新病灶。CR+PR為總有效率(RR);CR+PR+SD為疾病控制率(DCR)。毒副反應(yīng)按WHO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分0~Ⅳ度。無進(jìn)展生存期(PFS)定義為自首次入組化療開始至疾病進(jìn)展或死亡的時(shí)間。
采用SPSS20.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。計(jì)量資料以()表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以百分比表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
符合入組條件的病例48例,均完成4~6周期化療,全部病例進(jìn)入療效評(píng)價(jià)及不良反應(yīng)的評(píng)價(jià)。PC組24例:部分緩解(PR)11例,穩(wěn)定(SD)8例,總有效率為45.8%,疾病控制率79.2%;TP組24例:部分緩解10例,穩(wěn)定7例,總有效率為41.7%,疾病控制率70.8%。兩組總有效率和疾病控制率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.085,0.444,P> 0.05),見表 1。
培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑組和紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑組的主要毒副反應(yīng)為骨髓抑制﹑消化道反應(yīng)等。培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑組出現(xiàn)I度骨髓抑制6例,II度骨髓抑制2例,III度骨髓抑制6例。紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑組出現(xiàn)I度骨髓抑制9例,II度骨髓抑制4例,III度骨髓抑制3例,IV度骨髓抑制1例,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.148,P=0.042);其次是消化道反應(yīng),培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑組I-II度嘔吐6例,III度嘔吐2例,紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑組I-II度嘔吐15例,4例出現(xiàn)III度嘔吐現(xiàn)象,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=10.243,P=0.001),經(jīng)對(duì)癥,止吐治療后均在5d內(nèi)好轉(zhuǎn)。其中培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑組骨髓抑制和消化道反應(yīng)的發(fā)生率顯著低于紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑組。見表2。
PC組患者的中位無進(jìn)展生存時(shí)間為5.7個(gè)月,TP組患者的中位無進(jìn)展時(shí)間為4.6個(gè)月,兩組的生存曲線比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=5.349,P=0.021),PC組患者的無進(jìn)展生存時(shí)間比TP組的長。見圖1。
表2 48例患者的毒副反應(yīng)情況
圖1 兩組患者無進(jìn)展生存時(shí)間曲線比較
肺癌是最常見的惡性腫瘤,全球每年肺癌新發(fā)病例和相關(guān)死亡病例均超過一百萬例,非小細(xì)胞肺癌占所有肺癌80%以上,70%以上患者發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)已伴有局部或遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移,已失去手術(shù)切除機(jī)會(huì),以化療為主的綜合治療是其主要治療手段。以鉑類為基礎(chǔ)的聯(lián)合化療方案成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的治療方案,中位生存期約8~11個(gè)月[7]。
培美曲塞系多靶點(diǎn)抗葉酸制劑,它作用于葉酸依賴性代謝途徑中的多個(gè)酶,為多靶點(diǎn)抗葉酸藥物。通過破壞細(xì)胞內(nèi)葉酸依賴性的正常代謝過程,抑制細(xì)胞復(fù)制,從而抑制腫瘤生長,培美曲塞可抑制胸苷酸合成酶﹑二氫葉酸還原酶和甘氨酰胺核苷酸甲酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶的活性,使細(xì)胞分裂停止于S期,從而影響胸腺嘧啶核苷酸和嘌呤核苷酸的生物再合成[8-9]。其抗瘤譜廣,在肺癌﹑惡性胸膜間皮瘤﹑乳癌﹑婦科腫瘤中應(yīng)用廣泛,毒副反應(yīng)較低,在NSCLC除鱗癌外的療效均明顯優(yōu)于其他常用化療藥物[10-13]。因此,F(xiàn)DA在2008年9月30日正是批準(zhǔn)培美曲塞可聯(lián)合順鉑作為局部惡化和轉(zhuǎn)移并伴有非鱗狀組織學(xué)特征的NSCLC的一線治療方案。Scagliotti等[14-15]發(fā)表了培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑一線治療晚期NSCLC的研究,結(jié)果表明培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑的方案與對(duì)照組相比更加具有安全性,同時(shí),腺癌患者和大細(xì)胞癌患者的總生存期長于對(duì)照組。
本研究應(yīng)用培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑一線治療轉(zhuǎn)移性肺腺癌,近期有效率達(dá)45.8%,疾病控制率79.2%,中位無進(jìn)展生存期5.7個(gè)月,患者臨床獲益優(yōu)于紫杉醇聯(lián)合順鉑治療組。骨髓抑制是培美曲塞和紫杉醇最常見的毒副反應(yīng),PC組未見IV度骨髓抑制,TP組III-IV度骨髓抑制達(dá)16.7%,經(jīng)積級(jí)治療后均可恢復(fù),未出現(xiàn)治療相關(guān)性死亡。PC不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率低,耐受性更好,安全性更高,更適宜于老年高齡,體力狀況稍差的患者。
綜上所述,培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑的方案,用于治療轉(zhuǎn)移性肺腺癌療效確切,可延長患者的無進(jìn)展生存時(shí)間,改善患者生活質(zhì)量,耐受性良好,安全性高,可用于晚期肺腺癌患者的一線治療。
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Clinical effect of Pemetrexed with cisplation and Paclitaxel with cisplation in treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer
CHEN Ping HU Ping
Department of Oncology,Yancheng 1st Hospital of Jiangsu Province,Yancheng 224001,China
Non-small cell lung cancer;Pemetrexed;Paclitaxel;Cisplatin;Chemotherap
R734.2
A
2095-0616(2017)19-28-04
2017-07-03)
[Abstrcat] ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and toxicity of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated by pemetrexed combined with cisplatin and paclitaxel combined with cisplatin.MethodsPemetrexed with cisplation group(pc):pemetrexed 500mg/m2for 30minutes on the first day and cisplatin 75mg/m2for 2 hours on the first day to the three day by intravenous in fusion.Pretreatment of pretreatment of Permian was pretreated 1 week before,intramuscular injection of 1000μg VB12,folic acid 400μg/d,Oral dexamethasone 4mg at the day before medication,the day after medication and the day after medication,bis in die.Paclitaxel combined with cisplatin group:Patients reveived paclitaxel 135mg/m2for 2 hours on day 1 and cisplatin 75mg/m2for 2 hours on day 1 to day 3 by intravenous in fusion.Each patients was given 4 cycles at least.The chemotherapy was repeated every 21 days and the efficacy and toxicity were then evaluated. ResultsThe total effective of the PC group and TP group is separate 45.8% and 41.7%,(P>0.05).The response rate of all the patients were evaluated.There were 11 partial remission(PR),8 stable disease(SD) and 5 progressive disease(PD)in the PC group,the overall response rate was 45.8% and disease control rate (DCR)was 79.2%.While,there were 10 partial remission(PR),7 stable disease(SD) and 7 progressive disease(PD)in the TP group,the overall response rate was 41.7% and disease control rate (DCR)was 70.8%.The PFS of each group were 5.7 month and 4.6 month(P=0.021).The major toxic reaction included marrow depression, gastrointestinal reaction and peripheral neurotoxicity.Marrow depression,gastrointestinal reaction are more pronounced in paclitaxel combined with cisplatin group.ConclusionChemotherapy with pemetrexed combined with cisplatin in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer is effective and safe,which can improve the patient quality of life.