白玉明 張海森 劉暢
[摘要] 目的 探討膝骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎(OA)患者采用玻璃酸鈉關(guān)節(jié)腔注射治療后血漿和關(guān)節(jié)滑液中白介素(IL)-17的水平變化。 方法 選擇2013年1月~2016年1月因膝關(guān)節(jié)OA于滄州市中心醫(yī)院行玻璃酸鈉關(guān)節(jié)腔注射治療的56例患者作為研究對(duì)象(試驗(yàn)組),以30例膝關(guān)節(jié)正常的自愿者作為正常對(duì)照(對(duì)照組)。兩組研究對(duì)象性別、年齡、體重指數(shù)比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。試驗(yàn)組采用視覺模擬疼痛評(píng)分(VAS)評(píng)價(jià)膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛程度。玻璃酸鈉關(guān)節(jié)腔注射之前及注射治療之后1、4、8、12周抽取肘部靜脈血液及患側(cè)膝關(guān)節(jié)滑液,采用ELISA檢測試劑盒測量血漿及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17含量。對(duì)照組抽取肘部靜脈血進(jìn)行相應(yīng)檢測并比較。 結(jié)果 試驗(yàn)組玻璃酸鈉關(guān)節(jié)腔注射治療后8周內(nèi)各時(shí)間點(diǎn)VAS評(píng)分均較治療前顯著降低(P < 0.05),但治療后12周與治療前比較VAS評(píng)分差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。對(duì)照組血漿IL-17含量為(2.4±1.7)pg/mL。與對(duì)照組比較,試驗(yàn)組玻璃酸鈉治療前漿IL-17含量顯著增高(P < 0.05);試驗(yàn)組患者玻璃酸鈉注射治療后8周內(nèi)各時(shí)間點(diǎn)IL-17含量均較治療前顯著降低(P < 0.05),但血漿IL-17含量仍高于對(duì)照組水平(P < 0.05),治療后12周與治療前比較IL-17含量差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。 結(jié)論 玻璃酸鈉關(guān)節(jié)腔注射治療可在治療后8周內(nèi)顯著改善膝關(guān)節(jié)OA患者的疼痛癥狀,并可在一定程度上降低患者體內(nèi)IL-17水平,但治療后12周臨床療效基本消失,體內(nèi)IL-17水平也恢復(fù)至治療前水平。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 玻璃酸鈉;骨關(guān)節(jié)炎;膝;白介素-17
[中圖分類號(hào)] R683 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2017)07(a)-0118-04
[Abstract] Objective To discuss the changes of interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels in both synovial fluid and plasm of patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) after intra-articular injection of Sodium Hyaluronate. Methods 56 patients with primary knee OA given intra-articular injection of Sodium Hyaluronate in Central Hospital of Cangzhou from January 2013 to January 2016 (experimental group) and 30 healthy individuals (control group) were recruited into the study. There were no significant differences in gender, age, and body mass index between the two groups (P > 0.05). Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the pain level of the patients. The IL-17 concentrations in both plasma and synovial fluid were measured before intra-articular injection of Sodium Hyaluronate and at 1, 4, 8, 12 weeks after injection in the experimental group. The IL-17 levels in plasma were measured in the control group. The IL-17 levels were determined using ELISA method. Results Average VAS scores within 8 weeks after the injection were substantially lower than pre-injection periods (P < 0.05) in the experimental group. Average VAS pain score at 12 weeks after intra-articular injection of Sodium Hyaluronate was not statistically significant in comparison with pre-injection period (P > 0.05). Average plasm IL-17 concentration in the control group was (2.4±1.7) pg/mL. OA patients before the injection had higher plasma IL-17 concentration compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Average IL-17 levels in both synovial fluid and plasm at each time point for patients with OA within 8 weeks after the injection were significant lower than pre-injection periods (P < 0.05), but IL-17 levels in plasma were higher than controls (P < 0.05). Average IL-17 levels in both synovial fluid and plasm at 12 weeks after the injection were not statistically significant in comparison with pre-injection periods (P > 0.05). Conclusion For the patients with knee OA, pain symptoms have significantly been improved and IL-17 levels in both synovial fluid and plasm reduced within 8 weeks after intra-articular injection of Sodium Hyaluronate. After 12 weeks, the clinical curative effect has disappearenced, IL-17 levels in both synovial fluid and plasm are restored to the level before treatment.
[Key words] Sodium Hyaluronate; Osteoarthritis; Knee; Interleukin-17
骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(osteoarthritis,OA)是一種復(fù)雜的關(guān)節(jié)滑膜及關(guān)節(jié)軟骨炎性疾病[1],由于炎性細(xì)胞因子破壞了軟骨細(xì)胞的合成與分解代謝平衡,進(jìn)而在OA發(fā)生與發(fā)展中起重要作用[2-3]。最近研究表明,白介素-17(interleukin-17,IL-17)基因多態(tài)性與OA的易感性相關(guān)[4],膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者血漿及關(guān)節(jié)炎滑液中IL-17水平高于健康人[5-6]。
玻璃酸鈉是關(guān)節(jié)軟骨及關(guān)節(jié)滑液的主要成分之一[7],其為大分子鏈狀糖胺多糖,可促進(jìn)軟骨細(xì)胞增殖,抑制軟骨細(xì)胞凋亡,廣泛存在于軟骨細(xì)胞、滑膜細(xì)胞中,對(duì)關(guān)節(jié)軟骨起潤滑、緩沖和屏障作用,從而延緩骨關(guān)節(jié)炎的病程[8]。1974年外源性玻璃酸鈉關(guān)節(jié)腔注射首次應(yīng)用于骨關(guān)節(jié)炎的治療,并取得很好療效[9]。目前,玻璃酸鈉關(guān)節(jié)腔注射治療骨關(guān)節(jié)炎盡管存有一定爭議[10-11],但對(duì)于其他臨床保守治療措施無效的患者,由于其創(chuàng)傷小、應(yīng)用簡單、方便,選擇性應(yīng)用仍具有一定的治療價(jià)值。
本研究以于滄州市中心醫(yī)院(以下簡稱“我院”)接受膝關(guān)節(jié)腔玻璃酸鈉注射治療的膝關(guān)節(jié)OA患者作為研究對(duì)象,觀察治療前后患者血漿和關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17變化情況,并與膝關(guān)節(jié)正常志愿者進(jìn)行比較,以期了解這一細(xì)胞因子在玻璃酸鈉關(guān)節(jié)腔注射治療后的體內(nèi)變化情況。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
本研究獲得我院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有研究對(duì)象均為漢族國人,納入研究前均簽署知情同意書。本研究以2013年1月~2016年1月因膝關(guān)節(jié)OA接受膝關(guān)節(jié)腔玻璃酸鈉注射治療患者56例作為試驗(yàn)組。膝關(guān)節(jié)正常志愿者30名作為對(duì)照組。
試驗(yàn)組:男26例,女30例;平均年齡(52.3±4.3)歲;體重指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)為(27.6±3.8)kg/m2;病程6~34個(gè)月,主要癥狀為膝痛、輕度行走活動(dòng)障礙等,均為單膝癥狀。符合1987年美國風(fēng)濕病協(xié)會(huì)OA診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[12]。通過伸直負(fù)重位膝關(guān)節(jié)X線片進(jìn)行Kellgren-Lawrence(KL)分級(jí)[13]?;颊呋枷リP(guān)節(jié)OA KL分級(jí)為1~2級(jí)。試驗(yàn)組僅采用玻璃酸鈉關(guān)節(jié)腔注射治療,未進(jìn)行理療、其他藥物等治療,以便盡量降低混雜因素對(duì)結(jié)果產(chǎn)生影響。對(duì)照組:男13例,女17例;平均年齡(51.9±4.7)歲;BMI為(27.7±3.9)kg/m2;經(jīng)X線檢查排除膝關(guān)節(jié)病變。兩組研究對(duì)象性別、年齡、BMI比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。所有研究對(duì)象均排除風(fēng)濕免疫性疾病、血液腫瘤性疾病、內(nèi)分泌疾病和嚴(yán)重的心、肝、腎等臟器功能障礙情況。
1.2 治療方案
試驗(yàn)組所用玻璃酸鈉注射液均為上海昊海生物科技股份有限公司生產(chǎn)(生產(chǎn)批號(hào)120714)。膝關(guān)節(jié)注射區(qū)常規(guī)消毒,取髕下內(nèi)、外側(cè)或髕骨外上方為穿刺點(diǎn),采用5 mL注射器刺入關(guān)節(jié)腔,有突破感且注藥無阻力后注入玻璃酸鈉2 mL,屈伸活動(dòng)膝關(guān)節(jié),以便藥物與關(guān)節(jié)面充分接觸。每周用藥1次,連用5周為1個(gè)療程,注射1個(gè)療程后停止用藥,進(jìn)行評(píng)估。
1.3 標(biāo)本采集與觀察指標(biāo)
試驗(yàn)組于第1次關(guān)節(jié)腔注射玻璃酸鈉之前及最后1次注射治療后1、4、8、12周抽取肘靜脈血液10 mL以及患側(cè)膝關(guān)節(jié)滑液2 mL。對(duì)照組納入研究后即刻采肘部靜脈血液10 mL。采用ELISA檢測試劑盒測量血漿及關(guān)節(jié)滑液中IL-17含量。采用視覺模擬量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)評(píng)分[14]評(píng)價(jià)膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛程度,共計(jì)10分,0分為無痛,10分為難以忍受的最高疼痛。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);同組間不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的比較采用重復(fù)測量的方差分析。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
所有患者玻璃酸鈉注射治療后均獲得至少12周臨床觀察,治療過程中所有患者均未出現(xiàn)膝關(guān)節(jié)紅腫、發(fā)熱等局部感染及其他不適癥狀。試驗(yàn)組關(guān)節(jié)腔注射玻璃酸鈉治療后8周內(nèi)各時(shí)間點(diǎn)VAS評(píng)分均較治療前顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),但治療后12周與治療前比較VAS評(píng)分差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表1。
對(duì)照組血漿IL-17含量為(2.4±1.7)pg/mL。與對(duì)照組比較,試驗(yàn)組玻璃酸鈉治療前血漿IL-17含量顯著增高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);試驗(yàn)組患者玻璃酸鈉注射治療后8周內(nèi)各時(shí)間點(diǎn)IL-17含量均較治療前顯著降低(P < 0.05),但血漿IL-17含量仍高于對(duì)照組水平(P < 0.05),治療后12周與治療前比較IL-17含量差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。
3 討論
OA是全身最常見的骨關(guān)節(jié)疾病,其中以膝關(guān)節(jié)OA在臨床上最為突出。傳統(tǒng)的膝關(guān)節(jié)X線片檢查可以評(píng)估OA嚴(yán)重程度,生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物檢測可更為準(zhǔn)確地反映OA患者病情。OA的關(guān)節(jié)破壞進(jìn)展可能是關(guān)節(jié)軟骨和骨降解與修復(fù)過程的不平衡,某些生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物有助于識(shí)別OA患者關(guān)節(jié)破壞快速進(jìn)展的危險(xiǎn)性。由于某些生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物的水平隨著治療而改變,因此生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物在開發(fā)和監(jiān)測新的OA組織結(jié)構(gòu)變化、積極改善藥物治療等方面起著重要作用。
IL-17A最早從激活的T細(xì)胞雜交瘤中克隆出嚙齒類的cDNA序列,命名為CTLA-8。1995年發(fā)現(xiàn),CTLA-8蛋白可以分泌到細(xì)胞外,激活NF-κB,誘導(dǎo)IL-6分泌,共同激活T細(xì)胞增殖,為此將CTLA-8改名為IL-17。IL-17與IL-17受體(1L-17RA)結(jié)合發(fā)揮生物學(xué)效應(yīng)。相關(guān)研究表明,OA患者的IL-17水平顯著高于健康人群[2,15-17]。在OA發(fā)生過程中IL-17可針對(duì)軟骨細(xì)胞和滑膜成纖維細(xì)胞膜表面的抗原發(fā)生直接細(xì)胞免疫應(yīng)答效應(yīng)[18-19],IL-17上調(diào)軟骨細(xì)胞及滑膜成纖維細(xì)胞MMP的表達(dá),而后者是軟骨降解的潛在物質(zhì)[18]。IL-17還可增強(qiáng)關(guān)節(jié)軟骨細(xì)胞一氧化氮合酶表達(dá),誘導(dǎo)關(guān)節(jié)軟骨的破壞[20]。最近臨床研究表明,IL-17可作為一種生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物反映膝關(guān)節(jié)OA患者的疼痛程度[5]。
以往對(duì)于膝關(guān)節(jié)OA玻璃酸鈉關(guān)節(jié)腔注射治療的相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)研究相對(duì)較少[21-24],相關(guān)報(bào)道多集中于對(duì)其臨床療效的評(píng)估[7-9],玻璃酸鈉注射后患者機(jī)體內(nèi)相關(guān)炎癥細(xì)胞因子的水平變化如何,鮮有相關(guān)報(bào)道。在本研究中,對(duì)玻璃酸鈉注射治療膝關(guān)節(jié)OA患者血漿和關(guān)節(jié)滑液中細(xì)胞因子IL-17的水平變化進(jìn)行了檢測,結(jié)果顯示,膝關(guān)節(jié)OA患者在接受1個(gè)療程關(guān)節(jié)腔玻璃酸鈉注射治療后8周內(nèi)血漿及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17含量較治療前顯著降低(P < 0.05),相應(yīng)的,患者的膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛也得以顯著緩解,但治療后12周VAS評(píng)分較治療前無顯著差異,血漿及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17也相應(yīng)地恢復(fù)至治療前水平。藉此,本研究結(jié)果表明,關(guān)節(jié)腔玻璃酸鈉注射治療可在治療后8周內(nèi)顯著改善膝關(guān)節(jié)OA患者的疼痛癥狀,并可在一定程度上降低患者體內(nèi)IL-17水平,但治療后12周臨床效果基本消失,體內(nèi)IL-17水平也恢復(fù)至治療前水平。本研究提示關(guān)節(jié)腔玻璃酸鈉注射具有改善膝關(guān)節(jié)OA患者機(jī)體生物學(xué)環(huán)境的效果,減輕患者的膝痛癥狀,但不能逆轉(zhuǎn)OA的病理過程。因此,有望進(jìn)一步研究通過關(guān)節(jié)腔玻璃酸鈉注射聯(lián)合其他方法實(shí)現(xiàn)更為有效治療OA的目的。
在研究的局限性方面,首先,本研究為一項(xiàng)單中心實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,樣本含量相對(duì)較小,因此尚需進(jìn)一步實(shí)施大樣本、多中心前瞻性隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究以證實(shí)該研究結(jié)果的可靠性。另外,本研究中只對(duì)研究對(duì)象血漿和滑液中的IL-17水平進(jìn)行了檢測,而與OA相關(guān)的炎癥因子很多,本研究選取的這一細(xì)胞因子可能不能完全代表其他因子的水平。再者,本研究均為輕中度OA患者,盡管治療前患者存在膝痛癥狀,但患者的膝關(guān)節(jié)功能較為良好,因此未進(jìn)行膝關(guān)節(jié)功能療效的評(píng)估。最后,本研究只進(jìn)行了關(guān)節(jié)腔玻璃酸鈉注射單一療程的療效評(píng)價(jià),其多療程的遠(yuǎn)期效果仍需進(jìn)一步研究考察。
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(收稿日期:2017-03-12 本文編輯:程 銘)