漢語(yǔ)句法的習(xí)得對(duì)英語(yǔ)作文的正遷移作用

葉秀蘭

【摘 要】得作文者得天下。本文著重從作文的角度來(lái)詮釋高中英語(yǔ)句法的運(yùn)用，從而使學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作中能夠自如地運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句。

【關(guān)鍵詞】英語(yǔ)作文；問(wèn)題；方法

母語(yǔ)的習(xí)得對(duì)第二語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)是具有遷移作用的。在英語(yǔ)五個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的學(xué)習(xí)中，教師完全可以利用漢語(yǔ)習(xí)得對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的遷移作用來(lái)消除零基礎(chǔ)學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)句法的恐懼感。漢英兩種語(yǔ)言在陳述句中的語(yǔ)序是基本相同的。如：

I love you （我愛(ài)你）；

否定句中，英語(yǔ)的否定成分在被否定的成分之前，漢語(yǔ)也同樣。如：

I dont like him（我不喜歡他）；

介賓短語(yǔ)中，英漢兩種語(yǔ)言都是介詞在前，名詞在后，如：

at school （在學(xué)校）

一、英語(yǔ)5個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的學(xué)習(xí)

學(xué)生不會(huì)分析句子成分，甚至在寫(xiě)作文時(shí)都久久不能動(dòng)筆。從心理上，教師可以利用漢語(yǔ)對(duì)英語(yǔ)句法的遷移作用來(lái)增加學(xué)生自信，從漢語(yǔ)的角度引導(dǎo)學(xué)生說(shuō)出主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)七大句子成分。讓學(xué)生說(shuō)出幾句漢語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句并分析這些句子的成分。例如：我是一個(gè)學(xué)生（主謂賓）。我們學(xué)習(xí)（主謂）。小明學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)（主謂賓）。我寄給他一封信（主謂間賓直賓）。我們叫他小明（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）。與學(xué)生一起把上述例子翻譯為英文之后則與學(xué)生要掌握的5個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句完全吻合，分別是：I am a student （S+V+P）。We study（S+V）。Xiao Ming studies English（S+V+O）。I sent him a letter（S+V+o+O）。We call him Xiao Ming（S+V+O+C）。

同時(shí)幫助學(xué)生理解并記憶這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的作文常用句型：

主語(yǔ)+find＼think＼feel it + adj.+（for sb.）+ to do..

教會(huì)學(xué)生如何在簡(jiǎn)單句中添加定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)成分來(lái)使句子變得豐滿(mǎn)。以2015年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)新課標(biāo)1卷的作文為例，讓學(xué)生盡量用簡(jiǎn)單句來(lái)作文，字?jǐn)?shù)不限。

以下是廉江三中高三（15）班某位同學(xué)的作文藍(lán)本：

Dear Peter，

Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper. The “foreign culture” is about the customs in America. Most of our school students feel it important to learn foreign cultures. Sometimes it has something about the middle school students life too. It is very popular in our school. Can you introduce your school life for us？ 400 words or so is OK. You must give me the article before June 28.

二、英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中常用從句的學(xué)習(xí)

1.賓語(yǔ)從句的學(xué)習(xí)

以S+V+O這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句導(dǎo)入，把S+V+O簡(jiǎn)單句和賓語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行比較教學(xué)。教師要側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序。以2015年英語(yǔ)高考作文為例，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在作文中學(xué)以致用。例如：I wonder whether you can help me. ＼ Could you tell me how you spend your holidays？..

2.表語(yǔ)從句的學(xué)習(xí)

本文作者認(rèn)為，學(xué)生只要在作文中能夠正確使用以下三個(gè)句型即可：The reason＼fact＼question is that.， That is why.， It is because.。以2015年英語(yǔ)高考作文為例：The question is that you must give me the article before June 28. ＼That is why it is so popular with us...

3.狀語(yǔ)從句的學(xué)習(xí)

（1）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。要求學(xué)生掌握時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)并且重點(diǎn)掌握when＼whenever， till＼until， as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

（2）條件狀語(yǔ)從句。條件狀語(yǔ)從句由if， unless， so＼ as long as引導(dǎo) 。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)（與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句相同，主將從現(xiàn)。）

（3）由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：The English newspaper is very popular because it is very interesting and funny.

三、學(xué)生作文成品展示

Dear Peter，

Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper. The English newspaper is very popular with us because it is interesting and funny. The “foreign culture” is about the customs in America. Most of our school students feel it important to learn foreign cultures. As we all know， America is a country which is full of interesting festivals. I really need your help just because you are a native. Would you tell us how many important festivals there are in your county？ And how do you spend them？ Besides， you also can write about some great heroes whose stories are admired by your people. And please tell us the reason why they are so welcomed. Whats more， there are something about the foreign middle school students life in the newspaper. Can you introduce your school life for us？ It will be fine as long as you can write 400 words.

Well， would you please send me your article before June 28？ I will be really grateful to you if you can give me hand.

Best wishes！ And Im looking forward to your letter！