一個富路易斯堿位配合物的合成、結(jié)構(gòu)及對痕量Ag+的熒光檢測

辛凌云 李云平 鞠豐陽 李曉玲 劉廣臻＊,

一個富路易斯堿位配合物的合成、結(jié)構(gòu)及對痕量Ag+的熒光檢測

辛凌云1李云平1鞠豐陽2李曉玲1劉廣臻＊,1

(1洛陽師范學(xué)院化學(xué)化工學(xué)院，河南省功能導(dǎo)向多孔材料重點實驗室，洛陽 471934)
(2洛陽師范學(xué)院食品與藥品學(xué)院，洛陽 471934)

通過溶劑熱方法合成了一個由氫鍵拓展的攜帶路易斯堿位的三維超分子配位聚合物：{[Cd(HTZ-IP)(HPYTZ)(H2O)2]·5H2O}n(HTZ-H2IP=5-(5-四氮唑基)間苯二甲酸；HPYTZ=3，5-(4-吡啶基)-1，2，4-三唑]。X射線單晶衍射結(jié)果表明，中心鎘離子由含氮雜環(huán)羧酸配體和富氮輔助配體連接成“有懸掛手臂”的一維鏈，而鏈間則憑借配位水和2個配體的氫鍵作用拓展成三維超分子化合物。有趣的是配合物存在大量裸露的未配位的N原子，此N原子具有路易斯堿性質(zhì)，能與路易斯酸性質(zhì)的Ag+有效結(jié)合，從而引起配合物的熒光猝滅。該性質(zhì)能在無色溶液中有效檢測10-4～10-6mol·L-1范圍內(nèi)的痕量Ag+離子。

溶劑熱合成；配位聚合物；熒光；傳感材料

One of the premier performance metrics in chemical sensing applications is chemical selectivity, the ability to detect a given molecular species.When high selectivity is coupled with low detection limits and with signal transduction mechanisms that allow for facile device implementation,chemical sensing enables a range of applications in the defense,food packaging,and environmental monitoring sectors, among others[1-4].

The emergence of multifunctional coordinated polymers(CPs)materials is one of the most significant achievements in chemical sensing field over the past two decades[5-9].The differential recognition/binding events with guest substrates confined by the tunable pore sizes and functionalized pore surfaces,which can be transduced into externally optical signals,have enabled the CPs to become a new type of sensing materials.In fact,some luminescent CPs materials have been realized for the sensing of ions and small molecules recently[10-12].Particularly,some of those CPs show excellent luminescent sensing properties towards metal ions such as Al3+,Cu2+,Fe3+.This is because that the Lewis basic coordination sites existing in the networks of CPs can interact with special metal ions, which may result in the changes in the luminescent intensity of the CPs-based material.Currently,some CPs bearing such sites have been reported,including Eu-CPs with many Lewis basic pyridine nitrogen atoms for sensing of Cu2+ions[13-14],and Zn-CPs with uncoordinated Lewis-base sites showing excellent luminescence sensing of inorganic ions[15].Of course, there are other approaches which can improve the sensing efficiency except for the retention of Lewis base sites within the CPs.

In order to obtain such sensing material,we present a synthetic strategy to create multi-functional CPs by employing polydentate N-heterocyclic carboxylate or dipyridyl-type ligands,such as 5-(tetrazol-5-yl) -isophthalic acid and 3,5-di(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazolate ligand,which has multiple coordination sites involving polyzole nitrogen atoms,pyridyl nitrogen atoms and carboxylate oxygen atoms.All of them are good bridging ligands for constructing multi-functional CPs. Especially,the polyzole-based ligands has attracted much attention because its abundant nitrogen electron -donating atoms tend to leave uncoordinated nitrogen atoms (receptor)combined metal cation.Once the analyte is recognized by the receptor,the fluorescence signals can be observed in the form of quenching or enhancement in the fluorescence maxima due to either electron transfer(ET),charge transfer(CT),or energy transfer(ET)processes[16-18].

Herein,we present a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular network with exposed Lewis basic nitrogen atoms({[Cd(HTZ-IP)(HPYTZ)(H2O)2]·6H2O}n),hydrothermally prepared by a mixed-ligand strategy with the combination of a rigid 5-(tetrazol-5-yl)isophthalic acid(HTZ-H2IP)and 3,5-di(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazolate ligand (HPYTZ).Importantly,we have demonstrated that the infinite CPs is capable of detecting Ag+in colorless solution.As a sensing material for Ag+,this CPs has features including simple preparation procedure,fast detection time,excellent selectivity for Ag+, and high sensitivity with a detection range of10-4～10-6mol·L-1concentration limit.

1 Experimental

1.1 Materials and methods

All reagents used in these syntheses were of analyticalgrade and used as purchased without further purification.Elemental analyses (C,H,N)were performed on a Flash EA 2000 elemental analyzer. Infrared spectra were recorded on a Nicolet 6700 FTIR spectrophotometer over a range of 4 000～600 cm-1. The thermo-gravimetric analyses(TGA)were performed on a SⅡEXStar6000 TG/DTA6300 analyzer in flowing N2with a heating rate of 10℃·min-1.The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD)patterns were recorded with a Bruker AXS D8 Advance diffractometer using monochromated Cu Kαradiation(λ=0.154 18 nm;generator current:40 mA;generator voltage:40 kV;scanning scope:2θ=5°～50°).Luminescence spectra were performed on a Hitachi F-4500 fluorescence spectrophotometer atroom temperature.

1.2 Preparation of complex

A mixture of HTZ-H2IP (0.1 mmol,23.4 mg),HPYTZ (0.1 mmol,22.3 mg),Cd(OAC)2·2H2O(0.1 mmol,26.7 mg),N,N′-dimethylformamide(DMF,1.0 mL),and H2O(5.0 mL)was placed in a 23 mL Teflon liner stainless steel reactor.The vessel was heated to 120℃for 4 days,and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 5℃·h-1.Colorless crystals were obtained, and further crystals were filtered off,washed with mother liquid,and dried under ambient conditions. Yield:35%.Anal.Calcd.for C21H27N9O11Cd(%):C 36.35,H 3.92,N 18.17;Found(%):C 36.52,H 4.02, N 18.06.IR(cm-1):3 315m,1 597s,1 565vs,1 559s, 1 507m,1 493m,1 426m,1 395vs,1 301w,1 292m, 1 216m,1 148m,1 015m,982m,893m,862m,849s, 749m,724s,706m,685m.

1.3 X-ray crystallography

Suitable single crystals of complex were mounted on a Bruker Smart APEXⅡCCD diffractometer equipped with graphite-monochromated Mo Kαradiation (λ=0.071 073 nm)by usingφ-ωscan technique at room temperature.Semi-empirical absorption corrections were applied using SADABS[19].The structures were solved using direct method and refined by fullmatrix least-squares on F2.All non-hydrogen atoms were refined anisotropically,and the hydrogen atoms were placed in calculated positions and refined isotropically with a riding model except for those bound to water molecules,which were initially located in a difference Fourier map and included in the final refinement by use ofgeometricalrestraints with the OH distances being fixed at 0.085 nm and Uiso(H) equivalentto 1.5 times of Ueq(O).All calculations were performed using the SHELXTL-97 program package[20-21]. Some disordered solvent H2O molecules in complex are squeezed by PLATON/SQUEEZE program[22].The details of the structure solutions and final refinements for the complex are summarized in Table 1.Selected bond distances and angles are listed in Table S1.

CCDC:1528982.

2 Results and discussion

2.1 Synthesis and IR characterization

Hydrothermal method has been proven to be a powerful approach for the preparation of sparingly soluble organic-inorganic hybrid material[23-24].However,the given crystal growth is influenced by various hydrothermal parameters such as the pH value, temperature,the molarratio ofthe reactantand reactant solvent[25-26].The reactions of melt salt with HTZ-H2IP and HPYTZ in molar ratio of 1∶1∶1 at the reaction medium of DMF and H2O mixture (V DMF∶V H2 O=1∶5) gave rise to the homogeneous single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis.The broad bands in the area of 3 400～3 200 cm-1in the compound belong to the O-H stretching modes within coordinated and guest water molecules.Furthermore,the IR spectrum shows the sharp characteristic bands of dicarboxylate groups in the usual region at～1 600 and～1 500 cm-1for the asymmetric stretching and at～1 400 cm-1forthe symmetric stretching.

Table 1 Crystal and structure refinement data for the complex

2.2 Structural description of{[Cd(HTZ-IP) (HPYTZ)(H2O)2]·5H2O}n

Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the complex displays a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular network with the exposed uncoordinated N atoms.The asymmetric unit contains one Cdatom,one HPYTZ molecule,one double-deprotonated HTZ-IP anion,two coordinated H2O and five disordered guest H2O molecule confirmed by TGA and Elemental analyses. Cdion adopts a highly distorted CdNO5 octahedral geometry formed by three carboxylate O atoms belonging to two different HTZ-IP anion(Co-O 0.219 2(2)～0.250 5(3)nm),two coordinated water molecule(Co-Ow0.236 4(3)and 0.237 8(2)nm),and one nitrogen atom from HPYTZ ligand(Co-N 0.228 0(3)nm),as shown in Fig.1(a).

Both carboxylate groups of the HTZ-H2IP ligand bridge the adjacent Cdcenters by a monodentate bridging and a bidentate chelating mode to form Cd carboxylate linear chains running along the crystallographic a axis,while each HPYTZ molecule works as a terminal ligand with uncoordinated pyridine N atoms (Fig.1b).The mono-coordinated HPYTZ ligands are pendant and decorate the chain from one side.The paralleled chains are connected by H-bonds between coordinated H2O and triazolate N atom of HPYTZ molecule(O(5W)-H(1W)…N(7);d(O5…N7)=0.288 8 nm;∠O-H…N7=173.59°)to develop the 2D thicklayer,containing circular channels with free aperture about 0.504 nm×0.605 nm (the short distance not including the van der Waals radii),as shown in Fig. S1.The adjacent thick-layers are adhered together by further H-bonds between coordination H2O and carboxylate O atoms(O(6W)-H(3W)…O(4);d(O6…O4)= 0.283 3 nm;∠O-H…O4=164.22°)producing its entire hydrogen-bonded supramolecular network(Fig.1c and Fig.1d)with little aperture about 0.377 nm×0.496 nm(the short H…H and O…O distance),as shown in Fig.S2.

Fig.1 (a)View of coordination environment of Cd;(b)View of a 1D chain featuring HTZ-IP-bridged CdO5N octahedral; (c)Side view of a 3D supramolecular network consisting of 1D polymeric chains cohered by H-bonds;(d)Packing view of the supramolecular network

2.3 TGA and PXRD analysis

Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)were conducted to determine the thermal stability of the complex. TGA reveals that the removal of guest water molecules starts at room temperature (Fig.2a).The first weight loss ofthe complex is～18.76%from room temperature to～150℃,corresponding to the elimination of five guest water molecules and two coordinated water molecules per formula unit (Calcd.18.17%).The residual solid starts to decompose at 250℃,and complete decomposition finishes at about 540℃.The final residual species holds a weight of 18.13%of the totalsample,and seems to be CdO(Calcd.18.50%).

In order to further prove the purity of supermolecular structure,the washed and dried complex is sufficiently ground,and then examined by powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD),as shown in Fig.2b.The result shows the complex still has good crystallinity,because all major peaks in experimental PXRD match quite well that of simulated,indicating the reasonable crystalline phase purity.However,the difference in intensity may be due to the preferred orientation of the microcrystalline powder samples.

Fig.2 TGA curve(a)and PXRD patterns(b)of the complex

2.4 Luminescent detection for trace Ag+

The photoluminescent properties of compound in the solid state atroom temperature showed an intensity emission band at 436 nm with excitation wavelength of 371 nm (Fig.S3),while an intensity emission band at 422 nm was observed in aqueous solution.Along with its existence of the free Lewis basic sites (uncoordinated N atoms)promoted us to investigate its potential application in the detection of common metal ions.Because these free Lewis basic sites could be available for interactions with the Lewis acid species like metalions.

In order to examine the ability of selective sensing of metal ions,the complex is sufficiently ground,and then dispersed by ultrasonic in aqueous solution containing 0.01 mol·L-1of nitrate salts of Na+,Ag+,K+,Ba2+,Zn2+,Fe2+,Co2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Pb2+, Fe3+,Al3+,Cd2+,Hg2+,Ca2+,Mn2+and Mg2+for 2 h.It is shown that most of the ions make no significant effect to the luminescent intensities of complex,except that there exist quenching effect to the luminescent intensities of complex including colorless Ag+ion and colored Fe2+,Fe3+and Ni2+ions.So,only the influence of colorless ions on luminescent detection of Ag+ion were investigated in this work,considering the colored ions are visible to the naked eye.As presented in Fig. 3a,the complex may act as a high-performance luminescence sensor for detecting Ag+ion in colorless solution.In order to elucidate the possible mechanism for such luminescence quenching,powder XRD was employed to monitor the structure changes by Ag+solution treatment.The powder XRD patterns of the complex immersed in Ag+solution for 2 h have obvious change comparing with that of pristine complex,as shown in Fig.S4.That implies a new kind of structure may form relying on interaction between Lewis basicN sites of the complex and Ag+.However,the IR characteristic peak of the complex immersed in Ag+solution for 2 h are similar to that of pristine complex (Fig.S5),suggesting that the main framework of complex does not change although the photoluminescence is mostly quenched.So,the quenching effect can be largely ascribed to between the receptor unit (uncoordinated N atom of ligand)and analyte(Ag+), which may cause the electrons of ligands to transfer from complex to Ag+ions,resulting in the abovementioned luminescentdecay.

Fig.3 (a)Luminescent intensities of the complex at 422 nm treated with different metal ions(0.01 mol·L-1)in water at ambient temperature;(b)Fluorescence responses of complex for the determination of Ag+in water

Furthermore,the quenching effect of complex was examined as a function of AgNO3concentration in the range of 0～0.01 mol·L-1.The solid samples were immersed in different concentrations of AgNO3for 2 h,and then their luminescence intensity at 422 nm was recorded.When Ag+concentration increased from 0 to 0.01 mol·L-1,the fluorescence intensity ofcomplex continuously decreased (Fig.3b).Ag+concentrations are proportional to the fluorescence intensity of complex in the range of 10-4～10-6mol·L-1(Inset in Fig.3b).This concentration limit can detect trace Ag+in the colorless solution,which is at the level of the reported fluorescence probes for Ag+[27-30].

Along with the sensitivity requirement,high selectivity is crucial in most scenarios,especially in real sample detections.Therefore,the selectivity of the complex in FL sensing system was estimated and shown in Fig.S6.Besides Ag+,the effects of other ten kinds of colorless cations,including colorless Na+,K+, Ba2+,Zn2+,Pb2+,Al3+,Cd2+,Hg2+,Ca2+and Mg2+at the same concentration of Ag+,on the FL response of complex containing 0.01 mol·L-1Ag+at the same time were investigated.We can find that the FL intensities are significantly quenched by 0.01 mol·L-1 Ag+, whereas almost no additional inhibition of the FL intensities happens in the presence of Na+,Pb2+,Cd2+and Ca2+ions,and only little enhancement of the FL intensities happens in the presence of K+,Ba2+,Zn2+, Al3+,Hg2+and Mg2+ions.Apparently,the result clearly indicates that the FL sensing system exhibits high selectivity for Ag+in the colorless solution.

3 Conclusions

In summary,a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular network with exposed nitrogen atoms is prepared by the cooperation of cadmium acetate with 5-(tetrazol-5-yl)isophthalic acid and nitrogen-rich co-ligand.It is noted that the material may not only accomplish an effective and reliable quantitative testing method for pure Ag+ion with a detection range of 10-4～10-6mol· L-1 concentration limit, but also display selective sensing of Ag+ion in colorless solution.As a sensing material for Ag+,this compound has distinct features of simple preparation procedure and fast detection time.Although the selectivity of luminescence sensing for Ag+ion need to be further improved,these results show that the Lewis base sites existing in CPs-based materials are quite critical in such fluorescence response process,which provides an insight into thedevelopment of new multifunctional CPs-based materials with potential applications in the luminescence sensor.

Supporting information is available athttp://www.wjhxxb.cn

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Synthesis,Structure and Luminescent Detection for Trace Ag+of a Coordination Polymer with Lewis Basic Sites

XIN Ling-Yun1LI Yun-Ping1JU Feng-Yang2LI Xiao-Ling1LIU Guang-Zhen＊,1
(1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials,Luoyang Normal University,Luoyang,Henan 471934,China)
(2School of Food and Drug,Luoyang Normal University,Luoyang,Henan 471934,China)

Hydrogen-bonded network with Lewis basic N sites have been obtained by the solvothermal reaction, named{[Cd(HTZ-IP)(HPYTZ)(H2O)2]·5H2O}n(HTZ-H2IP=5-(tetrazol-5-yl)isophthalic acid,HPYTZ=3,5-di(4-pyridyl) -1,2,4-triazolate ligand).The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows the adjacent Cdcenters are bridged by HTZ-H2IP ligand to form Cd carboxylate linear chains,while each HPYTZ molecule works as a terminal ligand with uncoordinated pyridine N atoms.The paralleled chains are connected by H-bonds between coordination H2O and two ligands to produce its 3D supramolecular network.It is interesting that the network possess uncoordinated N atoms (Lewis-base sites)existing a significant quenching effect to the luminescent intensity of complex by Ag+ion.As a sensing material for Ag+,this coordinated polymer has features including simple preparation procedure,fast detection time,excellent selectivity for Ag+in colorless solution,and high sensitivity with a detection range of 10-4～10-6mol·L-1concentration limit.CCDC:1528982.

solvothermal reaction;coordination polymer;fluorescent property;sensing material

O614.122

A

1001-4861(2017)08-1474-07

10.11862/CJIC.2017.184

2017-02-27。收修改稿日期：2017-05-24。

國家自然科學(xué)基金(No.21571093)、河南省高校科技創(chuàng)新人才(No.14HASTIT017)、河南省高校科技創(chuàng)新團隊(No.14IRTSTHN008)、河南省

科技攻關(guān)計劃(No.162102210304)和河南省社會發(fā)展(No.152102310348)資助項目。

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