侯夫云+李愛賢+董順旭+王慶美+張海燕+解備濤+段文學(xué)+張立明
摘要:以紫甘薯品種濟(jì)紫薯1號(hào)為材料,研究不同栽插期、不同氮素水平丘陵壤土對(duì)其產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明,濟(jì)紫薯1號(hào)在5月上中旬栽插薯干產(chǎn)量均超過9 000.0 kg/hm2,5月中旬栽插花青素含量達(dá)到最高為906 mg/kg鮮薯;土壤中、低氮肥力水平(速效氮38~86 mg/kg)下濟(jì)紫薯1號(hào)T/R值適宜,薯干產(chǎn)量超過9 000.0 kg/hm2,花青素含量大于800 mg/kg鮮薯。因此,濟(jì)紫薯1號(hào)適宜在5月中旬、速效氮含量38~86 mg/kg的丘陵壤土上種植。
關(guān)鍵詞:濟(jì)紫薯1號(hào);薯干產(chǎn)量;花青素含量;栽插期;氮素
中圖分類號(hào):S531.04文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)號(hào):A文章編號(hào):1001-4942(2017)05-0057-03
Effects of Transplanting Time, Soil Nitrogen Level
on Yield and Quality of Purple Sweetpotato cv. Jizishu 1
Hou Fuyun, Li Aixian, Dong Shunxu, Wang Qingmei,
Zhang Haiyan, Xie Beitao, Duan Wenxue, Zhang Liming
(Crop Research Institution, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation
Experiment Station (Jinan) of Potato in Huang-Huai-Hai Area, Jinan 250100, China)
AbstractIn this study, the purple sweetpotato cv. Jizishu 1 was used as the materials to investigate the effects of different transplanting times, hill loam with different nitrogen levels on yield and quality of purple sweetpotato. The results showed that the yield of root dry matter were more than 9 000.0 kg/hm2 when transplanting before the middle of May, the anthocyanin content reached the highest of 906 mg/kg in fresh root when transplanting in the middle of May. At the middle and low nitrogen levels (38~86 mg/kg of available nitrogen), the T/R value was good for root growth, the yield of root dry matter was more than 9 000.0 kg/hm2, and the anthocyanin content was more than 800 mg/kg in fresh root. Therefore, Jizishu 1 was suitable to be transplanted in the hill loam with 38~86 mg/kg of available nitrogen in the middle of May.
KeywordsJizishu 1; Yield of root dry matter; Anthocyanin content; Transplanting time; Nitrogen level
目前,我國甘薯消費(fèi)已轉(zhuǎn)向鮮食和加工為主的階段。隨著人們膳食結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整及營養(yǎng)保健意識(shí)的增強(qiáng),紫甘薯以其富含花青素和硒元素、抗氧化、清除自由基能力強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),成為世界衛(wèi)生組織推薦的最佳保健作物[1,2]。近幾年,紫甘薯加工產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,種植比例由總面積的10%上升到30%左右。濟(jì)紫薯1號(hào)是山東省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院作物研究所2012年育成的高花青素紫甘薯品種。該品種以其花青素、淀粉含量高的特點(diǎn),成為國內(nèi)紫甘薯加工企業(yè)的首選品種。紫甘薯生產(chǎn)過程中存在著栽培粗放、管理不當(dāng)?shù)痊F(xiàn)象,造成其產(chǎn)量潛力得不到充分發(fā)揮[3]。因此,筆者以濟(jì)紫薯1號(hào)為材料,研究不同栽插期、不同氮肥水平對(duì)甘薯產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響,以集成紫甘薯高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)高效栽培技術(shù)規(guī)程,帶動(dòng)紫甘薯大面積提高單產(chǎn),促進(jìn)紫甘薯的大面積推廣。
1材料與方法
1.1供試品種
甘薯品種濟(jì)紫薯1號(hào)。
1.2試驗(yàn)方法
不同栽插期試驗(yàn)于2014—2015年在山東省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院作物研究所試驗(yàn)田進(jìn)行。壤土、土質(zhì)疏松,肥力中等,地力均勻。設(shè)置5月1日、5月15日、5月30日3個(gè)栽插時(shí)期。隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì),兩年試驗(yàn)均為重復(fù)3次。小區(qū)面積27.0 m2,種植5壟120株。壟長6.0 m,壟寬0.75 m,株距0.25 m。10月20日收獲。
不同土壤氮肥水平試驗(yàn)于2014—2015年在濟(jì)南市長清區(qū)張夏鎮(zhèn)進(jìn)行。分別選取不同氮素水平的丘陵壤土:T1 (速效氮108~121 mg/kg)、T2(速效氮65~86 mg/kg)、T3(速效氮38~42 mg/kg),統(tǒng)一于5月10日栽插。兩年試驗(yàn)均為重復(fù)3次。小區(qū)面積27.0 m2,種植5壟120株。壟長6.0 m,壟寬0.75 m,株距0.25 m。10月22日收獲。