(2+1)維非線性分數(shù)階Zoomeron方程的新精確解

黃 春, 孫峪懷, 李 釗, 張 健

(1. 四川師范大學 數(shù)學與軟件科學學院, 四川 成都 610066; 2. 四川職業(yè)技術學院 應用數(shù)學與經(jīng)濟系, 四川 遂寧 629000)

(2+1)維非線性分數(shù)階Zoomeron方程的新精確解

黃 春1,2, 孫峪懷1*, 李 釗1, 張 健1

(1. 四川師范大學 數(shù)學與軟件科學學院, 四川 成都 610066; 2. 四川職業(yè)技術學院 應用數(shù)學與經(jīng)濟系, 四川 遂寧 629000)

通過復變換將高維非線性分數(shù)階偏微分方程轉化為整數(shù)階常微分方程,然后利用擴展的(G′/G)-展開法,構建(2+1)維非線性分數(shù)階Zoomeron方程的新精確解,其中包括含參數(shù)的雙曲函數(shù)解、三角函數(shù)解和有理數(shù)解.

(2+1)維非線性分數(shù)階Zoomeron方程; 擴展的(G′/G)-展開法; 精確解

1 預備知識

非線性分數(shù)階偏微分方程是整數(shù)階偏微分方程的推廣,它比整數(shù)階偏微分方程更全面地解釋實際現(xiàn)象,并且能夠深刻描述與反映物體內在的性質.非線性分數(shù)階偏微分方程在流體力學、材料力學、生物學、等離子體物理學、金融學、化學等許多領域有著廣泛的應用,因此研究非線性分數(shù)階偏微分方程的性質以及解的情況具有重要的意義.

(2+1)維非線性分數(shù)階Zoomeron方程[1-5]

(1)

修正的Riemann-Liouville分數(shù)階導數(shù)

(2)

修正的Riemann-Liouville分數(shù)階導數(shù)的性質:

(3)

(4)

(5)

(2+1)維非線性分數(shù)階Zoomeron方程,最早由F.Calogero等[1]提出:當α=1,方程(1)是一個隱式非線性演化方程;文獻[2]通過分數(shù)首次積分法獲得分數(shù)階Zoomeron方程的一些精確解;文獻[3-5]分別用指數(shù)函數(shù)展開法、(G′/G)-展開法、首次積分法獲得該方程在整數(shù)階情形下的精確解.

最近,LiZ.B.等[7]提出如(7)式所表達的復變換將分數(shù)階偏微分方程轉化為整數(shù)階常微分方程,該變換被廣泛運用在非線性分數(shù)階偏微分方程的求解中.構建非線性分數(shù)階偏微分方程精確解的方法主要包括:分數(shù)指數(shù)函數(shù)展開法[8-10]、分數(shù)首次積分法[11-13]、分數(shù)Riccati映射法[14-15]、分數(shù)(G′/G)-展開法[16-18]等.本文通過作復變換將高維非線性分數(shù)階偏微分方程轉化為整數(shù)階常微分方程,然后運用擴展的(G′/G)-展開法構建(2+1)維非線性分數(shù)階Zoomeron方程的新精確解.

2 方法描述

考慮下面的非線性分數(shù)階偏微分方程

(6)

其中,u=u(x,y,t)是未知函數(shù),P是u及u的關于x、y、t各階偏導數(shù)的多項式.

步驟 1 通過作復變換

(7)

其中,l和c為任意常數(shù),且ω≠0.

將方程(6)轉化為只含變量ξ的整數(shù)階常微分方程

(8)

步驟 2 設方程(8)的解為(G′/G)多項式形式

(9)

其中,G=G(ξ)滿足輔助方程

(10)

λ和μ為常數(shù).正整數(shù)N可以通過平衡(8)式中最高階導數(shù)項和非線性項確定.

步驟 3 將方程(9)代入(8)式,并利用方程(10)合并(G′/G)的相同冪次項,然后令(G′/G)的各次冪系數(shù)為零.

步驟 4 求解上述以ai(i=-N,…,0,…,N)為未知量的代數(shù)方程組,借助于Maple軟件,從而獲得方程(6)的精確解.

下面將運用此方法來構建(2+1)維非線性分數(shù)階Zoomeron方程的新精確解.

3 運用與結果

首先對方程(1)作變換

得

(11)

將方程(11)左右兩邊同時積分2次,取第二次積分常數(shù)為零,可得

(12)

其中r為非零積分常數(shù).設方程(12)有如下形式的解

(13)

通過平衡方程(12)中的u3和u″,則有3N=N+2,有N=1,方程(13)化為

(14)

(15)

求解這個方程組可得:

(16)

(17)

情形 1 當λ2-4μ>0時,方程(1)有如下形式的雙曲函數(shù)解:

特別地,當C1=0,C2≠0時有

(19)

當C1≠0,C2=0時有

(20)

(21)

其中

C1和C2為任意常數(shù).

情形 2 當λ2-4μ<0時,方程(1)有如下形式的三角函數(shù)解:

特別地,當C1=0,C2≠0時有

(23)

當C1≠0,C2=0時有

(24)

(25)

其中

C1和C2為任意常數(shù).

情形 3 當λ2-4μ=0時,方程(1)有如下形式的有理函數(shù)解:

(26)

(27)

其中

C1和C2為任意常數(shù).

4 結果與討論

本文通過作(7)式所表達的復變換將高維非線性分數(shù)階偏微分方程轉化為整數(shù)階常微分方程,然后利用擴展的(G′/G)-展開法構建(2+1)維非線性分數(shù)階Zoomeron方程的新精確解,其中包括含參數(shù)的雙曲函數(shù)解、三角函數(shù)解和有理數(shù)解.文中所得結果u12(ξ)和u11(ξ)與文獻[2]中的u1(ξ)和u2(ξ)一致,u32(ξ)和u31(ξ)與文獻[2]中的u4(ξ)和u5(ξ)一致,u2、u4和u6是文獻中未曾出現(xiàn)的結果.本文構建了分數(shù)階Zoomeron方程的新精確解,同時也說明擴展的(G′/G)-展開法是求解一類非線性分數(shù)階偏微分方程行之有效的方法.

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2010 MSC：35K05

(編輯 李德華)

Received date:2015-02-03

Foundation Items:This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11371267 and 11571245) and Basic Project of Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.2016JY0204)

Construction of the New Exact Solutions for the (2+1) Dimensional Nonlinear Fractional Zoomeron Equation

HUANG Chun1,2, SUN Yuhuai1, LI Zhao1, ZHANG Jian1

( 1.CollegeofMathematicsandSoftwareScience,SichuanNormalUniversity,Chengdu610066,Sichuan;2.DepartmentofAppliedMathematicsandEconomy,SichuanVocationalandTechnicalCollege,Suining629000,Sichuan)

(2+1) dimensional nonlinear fractional Zoomeron equation has been discussed. Firstly, the (2+1) dimensional nonlinear fractional Zoomeron equation has been converted to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation by using the fractional complex transformation. Then, the extended (G′/G)-expansion method is used to construct exact solutions. A series new explicit solutions are obtained, which include hyperbolic function solutions, trigonometric function solutions and rational solutions, more results than existing ones.

(2+1) dimensional nonlinear fractional Zoomeron equation; extended (G′/G)-expansion method; exact solutions

2015-07-08

國家自然科學基金(11371267)和四川省教育廳自然科學重點基金(2012ZA135)

O175.29

A

1001-8395(2017)01-0051-04

10.3969/j.issn.1001-8395.2017.01.008

*通信作者簡介：孫峪懷(1963—),男,教授,主要從事數(shù)學物理的研究,E-mail:sunyuhuai63@163.com