羅俊霓
在高考英語的第一輪復(fù)習(xí)中,不少一線教師往往只重視常規(guī)的詞、句復(fù)習(xí)。這樣一來,一方面未能真正充分利用教材,未免可惜;另一方面,這種復(fù)習(xí)方式往往讓學(xué)生產(chǎn)生錯覺,以為復(fù)習(xí)英語就是單調(diào)地復(fù)習(xí)詞、句。筆者以為,有效的一輪復(fù)習(xí)模式,應(yīng)該是教材與試題的有效對接——教師應(yīng)更深入挖掘教材,研究全國卷的試題類型、特點,有機(jī)結(jié)合教材和高考試題,激發(fā)學(xué)生對教材的興趣,同時使學(xué)生具備更強(qiáng)的應(yīng)考能力。下面以Book 3 Unit 1為例。
一、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注教材的文章特點,備戰(zhàn)“閱讀理解”
高中課本中的不少文章除了語言之外,其細(xì)節(jié)、結(jié)構(gòu)、語言特點等也很值得我們深入探究。教師在一輪復(fù)習(xí)的備課過程中,可以深入探究不同文章的特點,與高考接軌,設(shè)置相應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)理解題、情感態(tài)度題或主旨大意題等。以Book 3 Unit 1的Reading為例,在復(fù)習(xí)的過程中,可以先引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如,教師可以設(shè)置問題:What is the structure of the passage?
學(xué)生會很自然地掃讀文章的內(nèi)容,顯然,這是一篇“總—分—總”的文章。再讓學(xué)生看文章的標(biāo)題:Festivals and Celebrations. 這個標(biāo)題是如何和文章結(jié)構(gòu)掛鉤的?學(xué)生很快就從第一段和最后一段中找到了關(guān)鍵的詞句:Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.Most ancient festivals...Sometimes celebrations... Todays festivals...People love to...Festivals let us...
在這一過程中,學(xué)生能更深刻地理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)對文章的best title所起到的作用。有了這一引入,學(xué)生就能順利地完成2016年全國卷Ⅰ閱讀理解D篇的第35題:
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silence may be thoughtful, or ... empty ... may also show stubbornness...
Many Native Americans value silence and feel...
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, ...
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware the possible meanings of silence...
35. What may be the best title for the text?
A. Sound and Silence
B. What It Means to Be Silent
C. Silence to Native Americans
D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
學(xué)生通過分析文章結(jié)構(gòu),能很快地得出結(jié)論:這是一篇“總—分”的文章;進(jìn)而學(xué)生能快速地從文章的第一段找到關(guān)鍵詞:The meaning of silence,并迅速得到正解B。
二、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生挖掘單元的寫作話題,積累相關(guān)表達(dá)
Book 3 Unit 1的單元話題是節(jié)日和慶典,所以這個單元出現(xiàn)了不少關(guān)于時間的表達(dá)。在一輪教學(xué)中,不少教師對學(xué)生亂用時間介詞感到很頭痛。其實,教師可以利用本單元的兩篇文章,采用挖空的方式,讓學(xué)生注意時間介詞in/on/at的使用,備考高考中的語篇填空、短文改錯。
① Most festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting ___ spring and harvest ___ autumn.
② In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead ____ early November.
③ ____ this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with“bones”on them.
④ She said she would be there ___ seven oclock
⑤ ___ the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper.
(答案:in, in, in, On, at, At)
寫作中,活動、慶典的話題也不少見。教師可以讓學(xué)生找出文章中“節(jié)日在哪天進(jìn)行”的句子,并將其進(jìn)行歸納,為寫作中的“表達(dá)多樣化”進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備。
① Some festivals are held to honor the dead or to satisfy the ancestors.
② In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November.
③ Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter.
④ Japans Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later.
此外,還可以結(jié)合高考真題:
⑤ The Mid-autumn Festival falls on the 15th of the eighth month of our Chinese lunar calendar.(2013年遼寧高考試題)
三、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生探究文章的寫作佳句,穩(wěn)拿作文高分
除詞匯外,大部分的教師都會把復(fù)習(xí)重點放在課文的長、難句的分析上。其實,筆者認(rèn)為,教師們還可以聯(lián)系高考閱讀材料中出現(xiàn)過的類似句型,進(jìn)行分析、探究,甚至可以將其與高考可能出現(xiàn)的各種寫作題材相聯(lián)系,使這一教學(xué)過程成為更有效的備考過程。下面仍以Book 3 Unit 1為例。
原句:At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. (P1B3)
2016年全國各地高考卷有類似句子:
(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)We now realize how important family is and how important to be near them, especially when youre raising children.
(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
(2016·浙江卷)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.
教師可引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析、對比句子,并提取句子結(jié)構(gòu):especially + 狀語(從句)。并引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對其功能進(jìn)行總結(jié):該句型可對主句中部分內(nèi)容起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。繼而引導(dǎo)學(xué)生運用該句型:
①(感謝信)我很感謝你,在我遇到麻煩時你總是樂于幫助我,尤其是在我學(xué)習(xí)英語中遇到困難時。
②(節(jié)日介紹) 孩子們春節(jié)時都很高興,尤其是當(dāng)他們收到紅包的時候。
(答案:①Im grateful to you. Youre always ready to help when Im in trouble, especially when I come across some difficulties in my English study.②Children are all happy at the Spring Festival, especially when they receive lucky money in red paper.)
同樣的,讓學(xué)生分析、總結(jié)以下句型,并進(jìn)行運用:
原句:Todays festivals have manyorigins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. (P1B3)
句子結(jié)構(gòu):獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) “代詞+形容詞”表“一些(人或物)如何”。
原句:India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain Indias independence from Britain. (P2B3)
句子結(jié)構(gòu):名詞、同位語+定語從句。
原句:The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.(P2B3)
句子結(jié)構(gòu):①分詞作定語;②as if/ as though引導(dǎo)表/狀語從句。
原句:It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.(P7 B3)
句子結(jié)構(gòu):it作形式主語。
鞏固練習(xí)(由2014年的四川高考作文題目改編):
中國的高考一般在每年的6月7、8日舉行,主要的科目如語文、數(shù)學(xué)、英語和理科綜合或文科綜合(General Science or Art)都要考查。從高三以來,尤其是最后兩個月間,我就一直忙于備考。雖然準(zhǔn)備得挺充分的,當(dāng)我走進(jìn)考場時,我還是覺得很緊張。大廳里面到處都是來自不同學(xué)校的考生,有些還在看書,有些在說話,甚至還有些在唱歌,看上去像個市場一樣。幸運的是,考試開始時,我發(fā)現(xiàn)語文,那個我準(zhǔn)備得很充分的科目,并不如我想象中的難。在那之后,我自信了些,其他科目也發(fā)揮得不錯。所以,我很有可能七月份會被重點大學(xué)錄取。
值得一提的是,每個單元的話題都不一樣,單元中的文章特點也不一樣,教師們在一輪復(fù)習(xí)中的教學(xué)方法應(yīng)該是多種多樣的。只要我們多挖掘、思考,總能與全國卷接軌,幫助學(xué)生更有效地利用課本,備戰(zhàn)高考。
責(zé)任編輯 魏文琦