鄧麗,劉其友
(1.中國石油大學(xué)華東醫(yī)院;2.中國石油大學(xué)華東生物工程與技術(shù)中心,山東 青島 266580)
子宮腺肌病神經(jīng)生長因子蛋白表達(dá)水平與盆腔疼痛的發(fā)生機(jī)制研究
鄧麗1,劉其友2
(1.中國石油大學(xué)華東醫(yī)院;2.中國石油大學(xué)華東生物工程與技術(shù)中心,山東 青島 266580)
目的:探討子宮腺肌病神經(jīng)生長因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)蛋白表達(dá)水平與盆腔疼痛的關(guān)系。方法:選取因子宮腺肌病行子宮全切除的患者51例,根據(jù)疼痛情況分為無痛組(無盆腔疼痛)15例,疼痛組36例;選取同期子宮肌瘤及行子宮切除的宮頸上皮內(nèi)瘤變患者32例為對照組。無痛組和疼痛組術(shù)中取子宮腺肌病病灶,對照組取子宮內(nèi)膜;免疫組化檢測NGF蛋白表達(dá)水平,免疫熒光法檢測蛋白基因產(chǎn)物(protein gene product,PGP)9.5陽性神經(jīng)纖維數(shù)。結(jié)果:疼痛組NGF蛋白表達(dá)明顯強(qiáng)于無痛組、對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);無痛組與對照組之間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。疼痛組PGP 9.5陽性神經(jīng)纖維密度明顯高于無痛組、對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);無痛組與對照組之間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。子宮腺肌病盆腔重度疼痛者NGF蛋白表達(dá)強(qiáng)于輕中度痛和無痛者,PGP 9.5陽性神經(jīng)密度明顯高于輕中度痛和無痛者,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:子宮腺肌病NGF蛋白表達(dá)水平提升參與盆腔疼痛的發(fā)生機(jī)制,促進(jìn)病灶內(nèi)膜神經(jīng)纖維植入為其機(jī)制之一。
子宮腺肌??;盆腔痛;神經(jīng)生長因子
盆腔疼痛為子宮腺肌病的主要臨床癥狀之一,其疼痛機(jī)制目前仍未明確,與病灶內(nèi)膜神經(jīng)纖維植入異常,病灶范圍、深度、炎癥狀態(tài)等因素有關(guān)[1]。神經(jīng)生長因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)屬神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)家族,具體增加神經(jīng)敏感性、傷害感受器數(shù)量、炎癥反應(yīng)等作用。相關(guān)研究顯示:NGF可能參與子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥疼痛發(fā)生機(jī)制[2];動物實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)子宮腺肌病小鼠病灶NGF蛋白表達(dá)水平和病情進(jìn)展呈明顯正相關(guān)[3]。蛋白基因產(chǎn)物(protein gene product, PGP)9.5為高特異性的神經(jīng)標(biāo)志物,可有效反映出有髓神經(jīng)纖維狀態(tài),該類神經(jīng)纖維密度增加可能提升痛覺敏感性度[4]。本次研究通過檢測子宮腺肌病患者病灶NGF蛋白表達(dá)情況和PGP 9.5陽性神經(jīng)纖維密度,分析NGF蛋白表達(dá)對局部神經(jīng)植入及盆腔疼痛的影響,探討NGF在子宮腺肌病盆腔疼痛的作用機(jī)制。
1.1 一般資料
選取2014年1月至2015年6月間在本院因子宮腺肌病行子宮全切除的患者51例,根據(jù)疼痛情況分為無痛組15例,疼痛組36例,術(shù)后均經(jīng)病理確診。其中無痛組患者平均年齡(44.5±3.8)歲,平均月經(jīng)周期(28.1±2.4)d,術(shù)前末次月經(jīng)至手術(shù)當(dāng)日(20.0±4.0)d;疼痛組患者平均年齡(45.2±3.5)歲,平均月經(jīng)周期(28.9±3.1)d,術(shù)前末次月經(jīng)至手術(shù)當(dāng)日(20.0±5.0)d。選取同期子宮肌瘤及行子宮切除的宮頸上皮內(nèi)瘤變患者32例為對照組,平均年齡(44.1±4.6)歲,平均月經(jīng)周期(29.1±3.0)d,術(shù)前末次月經(jīng)至手術(shù)當(dāng)日(19.0±7.0)d。3組患者術(shù)前2個月內(nèi)均無性激素類藥物服用史,未放置宮內(nèi)節(jié)育器,均自愿參與本次研究并簽署之情同意書。3組患者年齡、月經(jīng)周期、末次月經(jīng)至手術(shù)當(dāng)日間隔天數(shù)之間差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 標(biāo)本采集與處理 無痛組和疼痛組患者行子宮全切術(shù)后,快速剖開切下的子宮,在子宮肌層尋找并切取子宮腺肌病病灶結(jié)節(jié);對照組切取患者子宮內(nèi)膜。獲得的標(biāo)本均置于含4 %甲醇的中性緩沖液中固定,4 ℃冷藏保存。
1.2.2 NGF蛋白表達(dá)檢測 采用免疫組化SP法檢測標(biāo)本中NGF蛋白表達(dá)水平,具體為:常規(guī)石蠟包埋固定后的標(biāo)本,5 μm連續(xù)切片,二甲苯、酒精常規(guī)梯度脫蠟,0.01 mol/L枸櫞酸緩沖液修復(fù)抗原。加兔抗人多克隆NGF抗體(1:500),4 ℃孵育過夜,加生物素標(biāo)記二抗,37 ℃孵育10 min,加HRP標(biāo)記的鏈霉素親和素工作液,37 ℃孵育10 min,DAB染色,蘇木素復(fù)染。常規(guī)脫水、透明、干燥、封片,觀察并采集圖像,PD Quest 8.0.1軟件分析NGF蛋白表達(dá)水平。
1.2.3 PGP 9.5陽性神經(jīng)纖維檢測 采用親和素-異硫氰酸熒光素免疫熒光染色法進(jìn)行檢測,具體為:標(biāo)本固定至抗原修復(fù)同上。加兔抗人多克隆抗體PGP 9.5(1∶1000),4 ℃孵育過夜,加生物素標(biāo)記二抗,37 ℃孵育30 min,加FITC標(biāo)記的鏈霉素親和素工作液,37 ℃孵育30 min,抗熒光淬滅封片劑,觀察并采集圖像,熒光纖維鏡下計數(shù)5個高倍鏡(×400)視野下PGP 9.5陽性神經(jīng)纖維數(shù),計算神經(jīng)纖維密度。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
2.1 3組NGF蛋白表達(dá)水平比較
NGF蛋白在子宮腺肌癥患者的異位、在位內(nèi)膜以及對照組在位內(nèi)膜的腺上皮細(xì)胞和間質(zhì)細(xì)胞中均有表達(dá),在子宮肌細(xì)胞中均無表達(dá),見圖1。NGF蛋白在3組中的表達(dá)水平分別為:無痛組0.20±0.04、疼痛組0.26±0.07、對照組0.19±0.04,疼痛組NGF蛋白表達(dá)明顯強(qiáng)于無痛組、對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);無痛組與對照組之間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
2.2 3組PGP 9.5陽性神經(jīng)纖維密度比較
子宮腺肌癥患者病灶以及對照組子宮內(nèi)膜基底層均可見PGP 9.5陽性神經(jīng)纖維,見圖2。PGP 9.5陽性神經(jīng)纖維3組中的密度分別為:無痛組(12±6)條/mm2、疼痛組(17±9)條/mm2、對照組(10±5)條/mm2,疼痛組PGP 9.5陽性神經(jīng)纖維密度明顯高于無痛組、對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);無痛組與對照組之間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
2.3 子宮腺肌病患者盆腔疼痛與NGF蛋白表達(dá)、PGP 9.5陽性神經(jīng)纖維密度的關(guān)系
根據(jù)VAS評分將子宮腺肌病盆腔疼痛分為無痛、輕中度痛、重度痛。其中重度疼痛者NGF蛋白表達(dá)強(qiáng)于輕中度痛和無痛者,PGP 9.5陽性神經(jīng)密度明顯高于輕中度痛和無痛者,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
程度nNGF蛋白表達(dá)水平PGP9.5陽性神經(jīng)密度(條/mm2)無痛150.19±0.06?12±6?輕中度痛160.23±0.08?14±5?重度痛200.30±0.0820±11
*P<0.05,與重度疼者相比。
3.1 子宮腺肌病NGF蛋白表達(dá)水平升高的意義
NGF主要由神經(jīng)支配的靶器官分泌并被神經(jīng)末梢攝取和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),在機(jī)體多個組織器官中均有表達(dá)[5]。NGF為一種具有神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)活性的多功能因子,能夠促進(jìn)感覺和交感神經(jīng)纖維修復(fù)和增殖;可調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng),促進(jìn)炎性細(xì)胞聚集、肥大細(xì)胞脫顆粒,增強(qiáng)炎癥反應(yīng)[6];還可通過提升機(jī)體傷害感受器數(shù)目及敏感性,誘導(dǎo)致痛物質(zhì)釋放等多種途徑加重疼痛、過敏程度[7]。相關(guān)研究顯示,子宮腺肌癥小鼠的子宮NGF蛋白表達(dá)提升的同時出現(xiàn)局部神經(jīng)、組織炎癥,且表達(dá)強(qiáng)度與腺肌病的病程進(jìn)展存在相關(guān)性[8]。本次研究中患者病灶腺上皮細(xì)胞和間質(zhì)細(xì)胞中均存在NGF表達(dá),且盆腔痛患者中病灶NGF表達(dá)水平明顯高于無盆腔痛患者,提示NGF可能參與子宮腺肌病疼痛發(fā)生,其主要通過局部作用參與子宮腺肌病的疼痛機(jī)制而非全身作用。
3.2 子宮腺肌病NGF蛋白表達(dá)水平與盆腔疼痛關(guān)系
盆腔痛為子宮腺肌病患者疼痛的主要表現(xiàn)形式。本次研究中子宮腺肌病重度疼痛者子宮腺疾病病灶NGF蛋白表達(dá)水平明顯高于輕中疼痛和無痛者,而患者是否存在盆腔痛、性交痛與NGF蛋白表達(dá)水平之間無明顯差異[9]。子宮腺肌病、子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥的機(jī)制較為復(fù)雜,目前尚未明確,關(guān)于較為普遍的觀點(diǎn)為多因素誘導(dǎo)傷害感受器數(shù)量提升、痛覺過敏降低了痛域,患者經(jīng)期受到前列腺素、子宮收縮等多因素刺激出現(xiàn)疼痛[10-11]。當(dāng)患者病灶NGF分泌異常升高,NGF可介導(dǎo)神經(jīng)和組織炎癥,對神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和免疫系統(tǒng)雙調(diào)節(jié),產(chǎn)生痛覺過敏。此外,NGF能夠直接提升傷害感受器數(shù)量,參與疼痛機(jī)制[12]。本次研究中子宮腺肌病盆腔疼痛患者病灶NGF表達(dá)水平明顯高于對照組,和相關(guān)研究結(jié)果基本一致。
3.3 子宮腺肌病PGP 9.5陽性神經(jīng)植入密度與NGF蛋白表達(dá)水平的關(guān)系
本次研究中子宮腺肌病疼痛患者病灶處PGP 9.5陽性神經(jīng)植入密度明顯高于無痛患者和對照組,且與嚴(yán)重程度相關(guān)。提示子宮腺肌病病灶中的神經(jīng)植入高密度狀態(tài)可能與患者盆腔疼痛相關(guān)。目前,引發(fā)子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥、子宮腺肌病病灶、在位內(nèi)膜神經(jīng)纖維植入異常的相關(guān)機(jī)制仍未明確,認(rèn)可度較高的最直接因素為:部分誘導(dǎo)神經(jīng)生長的營養(yǎng)因子分泌量增加,營養(yǎng)局部組織神經(jīng)[13-14]。NGF為最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子,起到維持感覺神經(jīng)及交感神經(jīng)活性,促進(jìn)周圍神經(jīng)再生等作用[15]。本次研究中子宮腺肌病盆腔疼痛患者病灶NGF蛋白表達(dá)水平高于無痛組,其中重度疼痛患者NGF蛋白表達(dá)水平明顯高于無痛組,且與PGP 9.5陽性神經(jīng)纖維植入密度呈正相關(guān),進(jìn)一步證實了宮腺肌病病灶處神經(jīng)纖維密度增加可能與NGF分泌量提升有關(guān)。
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(學(xué)術(shù)編輯:買文麗)
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Study on the relationship between the expression level of NGF protein and the mechanism of pelvic pain in patients with uterine gland
DENG Li1,LIU Qi-you2
(1.EastHospitalofChinaUniversityofPetroleum;2.CenterforBioengineering&BiotechnologyinEastChina,ChinaUniversityofPetroleum,Qingdao266580,Shandong,China)
Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression level of nerve growth factor (NGF) protein and the mechanism of pelvic pain in patients with uterine gland disease.Methods:51 patients with total resection of uterine adenomyosis,51 cases, according to the pain points for painless group 15 cases,pain group 36 cases.Selected the same period uterine myoma and uterine resection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with 32 cases as the control group.Painless group and pain group take the uterine adenomyosis lesions in surgery,the control group take the endometrium.The expression level of protein was detected by immunohistochemistry,and the number of nerve fibers in the white gene positive product (PGP) was detected by immunofluorescence assay.Results:The expression of NGF protein in pain group was significantly stronger than that in painless group and control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05),there was no significant difference between the painless group and the control group (P>0.05).Pain group PGP 9.5 positive nerve fiber density was significantly higher than the painless group and the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05),there was no significant difference between the painless group and the control group (P>0.05).The expression of NGF protein was stronger than that of mild to moderate pain and pain in patients with severe dysmenorrhea,PGP 9.5 positive nerve density was significantly higher than that of mild and moderate pain and painless,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusions:The level of NGF protein expression in the uterine gland is promoted to participate in the pathogenesis of dysmenorrhea,and promote the mechanism of the insertion of the nerve fiber.
Uterine gland disease;Pelvic pain;Nerve growth fact
10.3969/j.issn.1005-3697.2017.01.026
2016-04-18
鄧麗(1977-),女,主治醫(yī)師。E-mail:wangcw@upc.edu.cn.
時間:2017-3-6 21∶08
http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/51.1254.R.20170306.2108.052.html
1005-3697(2017)01-0093-03
R711.71
A