王曉靜 劉燕春 孔繼昌
[摘要] 目的 探討血清25-羥維生素D、總IgE水平與兒童哮喘急性發(fā)作嚴(yán)重程度的關(guān)系。 方法 收集2013年4月~2014年12月河北省承德市婦幼保健院兒科門、急診及住院部收治的哮喘患兒98例為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)患兒的臨床癥狀、實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查結(jié)果及哮喘防控指南將其分為中重度組、輕度組和緩解組,同期健康幼兒30例為對(duì)照組。采用電化學(xué)發(fā)光法測(cè)定各組幼兒血清25-羥維生素D水平;采用免疫放射分析法測(cè)定血清總IgE水平。 結(jié)果 與對(duì)照組幼兒比較,三組不同患病程度的哮喘患兒血清25-羥維生素D水平均降低,而血清總IgE水平均升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。三組不同患病程度的哮喘患兒血清25-羥維生素D、總IgE水平差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),且隨著疾病進(jìn)程,血清25-羥維生素D降低而總IgE水平增高。相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,緩解組及輕度組患兒血清25-羥維生素D與血清總IgE水平無(wú)相關(guān)性(P > 0.05);中重度組患兒血清25-羥維生素D與血清總IgE水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r = -7.28,P < 0.05)。結(jié)論 哮喘患兒血清25-羥維生素D及總IgE水平與哮喘急性發(fā)作嚴(yán)重程度關(guān)系密切,為維生素D對(duì)于兒童哮喘的防治作用提供依據(jù)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 25-羥維生素D;血清總IgE;兒童;支氣管哮喘;哮喘急性發(fā)作
[中圖分類號(hào)] R725.6 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2016)10(b)-0063-04
[Abstract] Objective To explore the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, total IgE levels and asthma severity in children. Methods Ninety-eight children with asthmatic recruited from April 2013 to December 2014 in the Department of Out-patient, Pediatrics Emergency and In-patient of Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital of Chengde were selected as the study objects, and they were divided into moderate and severe group, mild group and ease group based on clinical symptoms, laboratory test results and related asthma prevention and control guidelines, and 30 cases healthy children at the same period were selected as control group. The levels of serum 25-(OH) D of children were determined by electrochemical luminescence method and the serum total IgE (TIgE) levels were determined by immune radiometric analysis. Results Compared with the control, the serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D decreased but TIgE increased in the children with different severity of asthma (P < 0.05). There was significantly statistical difference between three different degree asthma groups (P < 0.05), and as the disease process, 25-hydroxy serum vitamin D reduced and the TIgE level increased. The correlation analysis results showed that levels of the 25-hydroxy serum vitamin D and TIgE of ease group and mild group had no correlation (P > 0.05). There was negative correlation of 25-hydroxy serum vitamin D and TIgE in moderate and severe group (r = -7.28, P < 0.05). Conclusion Children have the lower 1evel of vitamin D who have severe asthma attacks. So the level of serum vitamin D can be taken as a condition assessment criteria for asthma attacks. That will be strong evidence for asthma management and prevention.
[Key words] 25-hydroxy vitamin D; Total IgE; Children; Asthma; Asthma symptom severity
支氣管哮喘(bronchial asthma)是兒童期最常見(jiàn)的呼吸道慢性疾病,具有反復(fù)發(fā)作的特點(diǎn),可對(duì)肺功能造成一定程度的損害,嚴(yán)重影響患兒的預(yù)后及生活質(zhì)量,給家庭及社會(huì)帶來(lái)沉重的精神和經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)[1-2]。研究表明,其發(fā)病受多種因素影響,如環(huán)境因素、遺傳因素及免疫學(xué)因素[3]。免疫學(xué)因素的研究結(jié)果顯示,哮喘兒童免疫球蛋白IgE水平較正常幼兒增高[4-6]。國(guó)內(nèi)外研究發(fā)現(xiàn),維生素D具有免疫調(diào)節(jié)、減少氣道重塑等功能,其缺乏與小兒哮喘的發(fā)生有密切的關(guān)系[7-8]。而血清25-羥維生素D3[25-(OH)D3]是維生素D的主要生物活性成分,因此,可以通過(guò)對(duì)血清25-(OH)D3的檢測(cè)來(lái)測(cè)定維生素D水平[9-10]。目前,鮮有關(guān)于血清維生素D水平與哮喘急性發(fā)作嚴(yán)重程度的報(bào)道。為此,本研究收集承德市婦幼保健院(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“我院”)兒科門、急診及住院部收治的哮喘患兒98例與同期健康幼兒30例的血液標(biāo)本及一般臨床資料,以探討血清維生素D、總IgE水平與兒童哮喘急性發(fā)作嚴(yán)重程度之間的相關(guān)性。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
收集2013年4月~2014年12月我院兒科門、急診及住院的哮喘患兒98例與同期健康幼兒30例的血液標(biāo)本及一般臨床資料,包括患病史、血?dú)夥治黾靶夭縓線檢查結(jié)果等。根據(jù)患兒的臨床癥狀、相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查結(jié)果及哮喘防控指南[11]進(jìn)行嚴(yán)重程度分度,包括中重度組28例、輕度組30例、緩解組40例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①符合2008年修訂的兒童哮喘診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[12];②哮喘處于緩解期、急性發(fā)作期。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①肺炎、呼吸衰竭、心力衰竭的極重度哮喘患兒;②先天性心肺部疾病、心功能不全等患兒;③異物或其他原因引起喘息、肺水腫等患兒;④鈣磷代謝異常、慢性腎臟疾病及近3個(gè)月有維生素D補(bǔ)充史的患兒。所有研究均征得家屬同意且簽署知情同意書(shū),并通過(guò)我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 觀察指標(biāo)及檢測(cè)方法
清晨空腹抽取受試對(duì)象靜脈血3 mL,抗凝處理,離心(3000 r/min,15 min),吸取上清液,-20℃保存?zhèn)溆?。血清維生素D的定量檢測(cè),采用化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫分析法(CLIA)檢測(cè)。血清維生素D結(jié)果的判定:若血清維生素D的濃度小于20 ng/mL(50 nmol/L),則認(rèn)為維生素D缺乏;若血清維生素D的濃度21~29 ng/mL(50~70 nmol/L),則認(rèn)為維生素D不足;若血清維生素D的濃度大于30 ng/mL(75 nmol/L),則認(rèn)為維生素D充足。血清總IgE(TIgE)水平的檢測(cè)采用免疫放射分析試劑盒(美國(guó)Ambion)測(cè)定。所有實(shí)驗(yàn)均按照試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格操作。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗(yàn);相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)采用Pearson線性相關(guān)分析;以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 各組一般臨床資料
緩解組、輕度組、中重度組及對(duì)照組在年齡、身高、體重等方面的差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 各組幼兒血清總IgE水平的比較
與對(duì)照組幼兒血清總IgE水平比較,三組不同患病程度的哮喘患兒血清總IgE水平均升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。三組不同患病程度的哮喘患兒血清總IgE水平組間兩兩比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),且隨著疾病進(jìn)程,血清總IgE水平增高。見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 各組幼兒血清25-羥維生素D水平的比較
幼兒血清25-羥維生素D水平比較,三組不同患病程度的哮喘患兒血清25-羥維生素D水平均降低,輕度及中重度患兒與對(duì)照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),而緩解組患兒與對(duì)照組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。三組不同患病程度的哮喘患兒血清25-羥維生素D水平組間兩兩比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),且隨著疾病進(jìn)程,血清25-羥維生素D水平逐步降低。
2.4 哮喘患兒血清25-羥維生素D與血清總IgE水平的相關(guān)性分析
哮喘患兒血清25-羥維生素D與血清總IgE水平的相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,緩解組及輕度組患兒血清25-羥維生素D與血清總IgE水平無(wú)相關(guān)性(r = 0.241,P = 0.108;r = 0.149,P = 0.43);中重度患兒血清25-羥維生素D與血清總IgE水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r = -7.28,P < 0.05)。
3 討論
幼兒哮喘發(fā)病的影響因素較多,其中呼吸道慢性炎性反應(yīng)是其發(fā)病的最重要原因之一。研究表明,哮喘主要是由肥大細(xì)胞、嗜酸粒細(xì)胞、T淋巴細(xì)胞等各種細(xì)胞成分及炎癥細(xì)胞廣泛參與的慢性持續(xù)性呼吸道炎癥疾病,即使哮喘緩解期,在某些刺激因素的作用下,仍可誘發(fā)哮喘急性發(fā)作[13-16]。維生素D被公認(rèn)為是免疫系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié)劑,對(duì)哮喘發(fā)病過(guò)程中的慢性氣道炎癥、免疫應(yīng)答方面起著復(fù)雜的調(diào)控作用。報(bào)道稱,維生素D可能通過(guò)維生素D受體調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞內(nèi)多種參與炎癥發(fā)生的細(xì)胞信號(hào)通路,如細(xì)胞間信號(hào)通路、Toll樣受體等抑制和協(xié)同激素達(dá)到預(yù)防及控制哮喘的發(fā)生[17-19]。Alyasin等[20]通過(guò)檢測(cè)哮喘患兒的基因表達(dá)的相關(guān)蛋白實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,維生素D與哮喘具有相關(guān)性。Bener等[21]報(bào)道哮喘患兒維生素D缺乏非常普遍且隨著年齡增大更明顯缺乏維生素D,這表明哮喘和維生素D缺乏有較強(qiáng)的相關(guān)性,這與Freishtat等[22]的報(bào)道也一致。本研究結(jié)果顯示,哮喘患兒的血清維生素D水平顯著低于正常幼兒,且隨著疾病進(jìn)程,哮喘患兒血清維生素D水平逐漸減低,說(shuō)明血清維生素D水平與兒童哮喘急性發(fā)作嚴(yán)重程度有一定的相關(guān)性,與上述研究結(jié)果相一致。
此外,維生素D還能調(diào)節(jié)Th1/Th2細(xì)胞信號(hào)通路,而Th1/Th2通過(guò)分泌各種細(xì)胞因子輔助B細(xì)胞合成轉(zhuǎn)化免疫球蛋白,并使其向IgE轉(zhuǎn)化。IgE是支氣管哮喘發(fā)病的重要抗體,當(dāng)Th1/Th2出現(xiàn)失衡時(shí),Th2功能亢進(jìn),促進(jìn)IgE產(chǎn)生[23-24]。既往研究表明,血清25-羥維生素D能夠通過(guò)白介素-10促進(jìn)Th1/Th2的平衡,改善哮喘患兒的免疫功能及抑制炎性反應(yīng),最終降低哮喘患者的氣道高反應(yīng)性[25-26]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組幼兒血清總IgE水平比較,三組不同患病程度的哮喘患兒血清總IgE水平均升高,且隨著疾病進(jìn)程,血清總IgE水平增高。同時(shí),哮喘發(fā)作嚴(yán)重程度與血清總IgE水平無(wú)相關(guān)性,而血清維生素D與總IgE水平呈顯著的負(fù)相關(guān),究其原因?yàn)榫S生素D抑制Th2細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)B細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生大量細(xì)胞因子及IgE,進(jìn)而阻止肥大細(xì)胞及嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞釋放相關(guān)炎癥介質(zhì)而達(dá)到緩解哮喘的作用。
綜上所述,本研究結(jié)果提示哮喘發(fā)作嚴(yán)重度與哮喘患兒血清總IgE之間無(wú)相關(guān)性,而與血清維生素D水平存在相關(guān)性,因此,血清維生素D水平可以作為治療和緩解兒童哮喘的一個(gè)重要手段;同時(shí)血清維生素D水平與血清血清總IgE存在負(fù)相關(guān)性,暗示了血清血清總IgE水平可能會(huì)通過(guò)影響血清維生素D水平參與兒童哮喘。本研究為后續(xù)探討維生素D對(duì)于兒童哮喘的防治作用提供一定的理論依據(jù)。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] Saadeh R,Klaunig J. Childrens inter-individual variability and asthma development [J]. Int J Health Sci (Qassim),2015,9(4):456-467.
[2] Ozde C,Dogru M,Erdogan F,et al. The relationship between adiponectin levels and epicardial adipose tissue thickness in non-obese children with asthma [J]. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol,2015,33(4):289-295.
[3] Chavez-Payan P,Grineski SE,Collins TW. Early life and environmental risk factors modify the effect of acculturation on hispanic Childrens asthma [J]. Hisp Health Care Int,2015,13(3):119-130.
[4] Klamt S,Vogel M,Kapellen TM,et al. Association between IgE-mediated allergies and diabetes mellitus type 1 in children and adolescents [J]. Pediatr Diabetes,2015,16(7):493-503.
[5] Holt PG,Strickland DH,Hales BJ,et al. Defective respiratory tract immune surveillance in asthma:a primary causal factor in disease onset and progression [J]. Chest,2014, 145(2):370-378.
[6] Kucuksezer UC,Ozdemir C,Akdis M,et al. Mechanisms of immune tolerance to allergens in children [J]. Korean J Pediatr,2013,56(12):505-513.
[7] 饒斯清,鄧愛(ài)芬,藺增榕,等.兒童血清維生素D水平與哮喘的相關(guān)性研究[J].中國(guó)處方藥,2014(7):85.
[8] Tama?觢auskien■ L,Gasiūnien■ E,Lavinskien■ S,et al. Evaluation of vitamin D levels in allergic and non-allergic asthma [J]. Medicina,2015,51(6):321-327.
[9] Palmer DJ,Sullivan TR,Skeaff CM,et al. Higher cord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations reduce the risk of early childhood eczema:in children with a family history of allergic disease [J]. World Allergy Organ J,2015,8(1):28.
[10] Riverin BD,Maguire JL,Li P. Vitamin D supplementation for childhood asthma:a systematic review and Meta-analysis [J]. PLoS One,2015,10(8):e0136841.
[11] 中華耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科雜志編輯委員會(huì)鼻科組,中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科學(xué)分會(huì)鼻科學(xué)組、小兒學(xué)組,中華兒科雜志編輯委員會(huì),等.兒童變應(yīng)性鼻炎診斷和治療指南(2010年,重慶)[J].中華耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科雜志,2011,46(1):7-8.
[12] 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)兒科學(xué)分會(huì)呼吸學(xué)組,《中華兒科雜志》編輯委員會(huì).兒童支氣管哮喘診斷與防治指南[J].中華兒科雜志,2008,46(10):745-753.
[13] Hollenbach JP,Cloutier MM. Childhood asthma management and environmental triggers [J]. Pediatr Clin North Am,2015,62(5):1199-1214.
[14] 王強(qiáng),徐春雨,徐東群,等.中國(guó)城市兒童哮喘危險(xiǎn)因素分析[J].中華流行病學(xué)雜志,2014,35(3):237-241.
[15] Castro-Rodriguez JA,Rodrigo GJ,Rodrguez-Martinez CA. Principal findings of systematic reviews of acute asthma treatment in childhood [J]. J Asthma,2016,53(3):339.
[16] DeVries A,Vercelli D. Early predictors of asthma and allergy in children:the role of epigenetics [J]. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol,2015,15(5):435-439.
[17] 李曉嬙,胡文芳,孫子輝,等.哮喘高危兒臍血哮喘基因和IgE檢測(cè)的意義[J].中國(guó)當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥,2014,21(6):60-61.
[18] Jiao J,Castro M. Vitamin D and asthma:current perspectives [J]. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol,2015,15(4):375-382.
[19] Kolokotroni O,Middleton N,Kouta C,et al. Association of Serum Vitamin D with Asthma and Atopy in Childhood:Review of Epidemiological Observational Studies [J]. Mini Rev Med Chem,2015,15(11):881-899.
[20] Alyasin S,Mmnen T,Koshers S,et al. The relationship between serum 25 hydroxy vitamin d levels and asthma in children [J]. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res,2011,3(4):251-255.
[21] Bener A,A1-Ali M,Hoffmann GF. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in young children in a highly sunny humid country:a global health problem [J]. Minerva Pediatr,2009,61(1):15-22.
[22] Freishtat RJ,Iqbal SF,Pillai DK,et al. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among inner city African-American youth with asthma in Washington,D.C. [J]. J Pediatr,2010,156(6):948-952.
[23] Dogru M,Kirmizibekmez H,Yesiltepe Mutlu RG,et al. Clinical effects of vitamin D in children with asthma [J]. Int Arch Allergy Immunol,2014,164(4):319-325.
[24] Yalcin AD. An overview of the effects of anti-IgE therapies [J]. Med Sci Monit,2014,20(10):1691-1699.
[25] Khoo AL,Joosten I,Michels M,et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits pmliferati on but not the suppressive function of regulatory T cells in the absence of antigen-presenting cells [J]. Immunology,2011,134(4):459-468.
[26] Kamen DL,Tangpricha V. Vitamin D and molecular actions on the immune system:modulation of innate and autoimmunity [J]. J Mol Med (Berl),2010,88(5):441-450.
(收稿日期:2016-07-08 本文編輯:任 念)