意大利皮亞琴察市：歷史之城 現(xiàn)代物流轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)中心

□ 文/本刊記者 胡睿

意大利皮亞琴察市：歷史之城 現(xiàn)代物流轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)中心

□ 文/本刊記者 胡睿

編者按：在11月11日舉行的2016中國國際友好城市大會閉幕式上，重慶市江北區(qū)與意大利皮亞琴察市簽署了《締結(jié)建立友好城市關(guān)系意向書》，重慶市江北區(qū)與意大利皮亞琴察市將在平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上，共同促進(jìn)兩城區(qū)人民之間的友好交往和經(jīng)濟(jì)、貿(mào)易往來，積極開展在文化藝術(shù)、教育衛(wèi)生、旅游休閑、商業(yè)貿(mào)易和工業(yè)環(huán)保等更廣泛領(lǐng)域的交流合作項(xiàng)目，鼓勵和促成雙方更多企業(yè)交流和商業(yè)合作，在此意向書基礎(chǔ)上建立代表團(tuán)互訪機(jī)制，進(jìn)一步鞏固和深化雙方友好互信關(guān)系，并適時簽署正式友好城市關(guān)系協(xié)議。本期“國際友城”欄目特將意大利皮亞琴察市的一些基本情況為大家進(jìn)行介紹。

重慶市江北區(qū)與意大利皮亞琴察市簽署《締結(jié)建立友好城市關(guān)系意向書》。攝影：熊怡

皮亞琴察（意大利語：Piacenza，拉丁語：Placentia）是意大利北部艾米利亞-羅馬涅地區(qū)的一座古老城市，也是皮亞琴察省的省會。皮亞琴察平均海拔61米，位于特雷比亞河進(jìn)入波河的交匯處，位于艾米利亞和倫巴第的交界處，它是鐵路和公路網(wǎng)的重要樞紐，歐洲的交通要道。南面15公里處出現(xiàn)丘陵，起伏的地勢一直綿延至高聳的亞平寧山脈。作為地區(qū)的商業(yè)和工業(yè)中心，它設(shè)有天然氣及石油提煉廠。此外它還生產(chǎn)水泥、食品、塑料、皮具以及農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械。

皮亞琴察的歷史可以追溯到羅馬帝國時期，是意大利最著名的藝術(shù)城市之一，擁有眾多教堂、宮殿等富有歷史底蘊(yùn)的建筑。皮亞琴察坐落在波河河畔，是艾米利亞平原防御外敵入侵的天然壁壘。羅馬時期皮亞琴察的市中心到今天仍然維持其核心地位，這里樸實(shí)宜人，云集了許多中世紀(jì)和文藝復(fù)興時期的精美建筑。例如公社宮（Palazzo Comunale）和圣瑪利亞教堂，都是極具歷史文化和宗教特色的建筑?？ㄍ呃行膹V場上兩尊騎士的銅像是17世紀(jì)雕刻家摩奇的大作。摩奇曾從師于Giambologna。他的這個作品被贊譽(yù)為巴洛克風(fēng)格雕塑的代表作。銅像的原型是一個高尚的雇傭士兵亞歷山德羅-法爾內(nèi)塞和他的兒子拉怒喬，兩人先后統(tǒng)治著16世紀(jì)皮亞琴察。在銅像背后是紅磚的公社宮，這是一個城墻高筑的倫巴第-哥特式宮殿，始建于13世紀(jì)晚期，是意大利最美的中世紀(jì)建筑之一。在塞藤布雷大街的盡頭有一座大教堂，其外部（1122年開工）是沉悶的倫巴第-羅馬式風(fēng)格，而內(nèi)部則由圭爾奇諾的圓頂畫和中世紀(jì)壁畫修飾。靠近主入口處，也有一些壁畫，畫中的主人公以圣會的與會圣人為主。在市立博物館里，雕刻和繪畫的展出并重，其中最耀眼的是波提切利（1444—1510）的作品《圣母瑪利亞、耶穌和施洗者圣約翰》。博物館里也有軍械和考古展區(qū)。這個展區(qū)最出名的是所謂的《皮亞琴察的肝臟》，那是一個伊特魯里亞的銅制羊肝，上面刻有神的名字，曾被祭司用于占卜。

意大利皮亞琴察市副市長丁姆?帕諾在重慶參加新聞發(fā)布會時表示：皮亞琴察市接近米蘭的地理位置讓皮亞琴察市成為歐洲的交通要道。米蘭是意大利的交通樞紐，在米蘭附近的物流競爭尤其激烈，皮亞琴察市的地理位置成為很多知名品牌和企業(yè)包括宜家、三星、亞馬遜、松下電器、巴寶莉等大品牌的物流轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)中心，相信今后也會與“渝新歐”中歐鐵路班列有合作的機(jī)會。

Editor's note: on November 11th, in the closing ceremony of 2016 China International Friendship Cities Conference, Jiangbei District signed a Letter of Intent for the Establishment of Friendship City with Piacenza in Italy. On the basis of equality and mutual benefi t, two cities will work together to promote the friendly exchanges of their residents in the areas of economy and trade. It is necessary for us to conduct active exchanges and cooperations in culture and art, health and education, tourism, commercial trade, industrial environment protection and other fi elds. Based on the letter of intent to establish visits mechanism of delegation, both cities can further consolidate and deepen bilateral friendly relations and mutual trust. It is helpful for us to encourage more business communications and co-operations with a formal agreement of friendship city relationships. Therefore, this magazine will share with us some basic information about Piacenza in column of Friendship Cities in the World.

Located in the northern of Italian Emilia-Romagna area, Piacenza (Italian: Piacenza, Latin: Placentia) boasts the capital of Piacenza Province with a long history. With an average elevation of 61 meters, Piacenza lies to the juncture of the Trebbia and Po Rivers and the border of Emilia and Lombard. Thanks to its convenient geographic location, Piacenza represents the major hinge of railway and highway system, as well as a vital communication line in Europe. In the 15 kilometers far away from the southern Piacenza, rolling hills stretch to the foot of lofty Apennine Mountains. As the center for business and industry in this area, Piacenza has equipped with natural gas and oil refineries. Besides, it also is home to cement, food, plastic, leather and agricultural machinery.

With numerous historical architectures like churches, palaces and others, Piacenza honors one of the most famous artistic city in Italy, whose history can be traced back to the Roman Empire. On the banks of the Po Rivers, as a natural fortress, it plays an important role to defend foreign invasion in the Amelia plain. The core status of Piacenza's downtown has been keeping from the Roman Period to today. Because of simple folk and pleasant weather, a large number of medieval and Renaissance architectures converge at this city, such as Palazzo Comunale and Santa Maria Church, which fully show historical culture and religious features. In the Cavalli central square, there are two bronze statues in the shape of knight, which was created by Murchy, a 17th-century sculptor, who studied with Giambologna. Regarded as the master work of baroque sculpture, this bronze came out of the prototype of Alessandro Farnese, a noble mercenary, and his son, who successively ruled Piacenza in the 16th century. Behind the two bronzes, Palazzo Comunale, which belongs to the style of Lombardy-Gothic palace with high walls, was built in the later 13th century and it boasts one of the most beautiful medieval architectures in Italy. At the end of the Saitenbray street, there is a church with tedious Lombardy-Gothic architectural style outside and the decoration of Keisuke Kino's dome paintings and medieval frescoes inside. Near the main entrance, there are some frescoes whose subjects give priority to the saints in congregation. Piacenza City Museum pays equal attention to display sculptures and paintings, in which the most famous work belongs to The Virgin, Jesus & Saint John Baptist created by Botticelli(1444-1510). This museum also has special areas to exhibit armaments and archaeological achievements. The most famous exhibit in this area deserves to so-called The Liver of Piacenza, which is an copper lamb liver with Etruscan style. This sculpture was carved with god's name, which was once used for divination by priests.

Piacenza has become a vital communication line in Europe by virtue of its close location to Milan, said by Dim Pano, the deputy mayor of Piacenza in Italy, at the press conference in Chongqing. Milan represents the traffi c hinge in Italy, which creates an intense logistics competition for its surrounding areas. With geographical advantages, Piacenza has become a logistic hub for many famous brands and companies like Ikea, Samsung, Amazon, Panasonic and Burberry, etc. It is convinced that Piacenza will have an opportunity for participating in the cooperation of Chongqing-SinKiang-Europe Railway line.

Piacenza, Italy: a Modern Logistics Hub with Profound History

□ J ournalist / Hu Rui