模擬氮沉降對(duì)常綠闊葉林土壤有效氮形態(tài)和含量的影響

向元彬，黃從德，胡庭興，涂利華，周世興，肖永翔，唐劍東

(四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 林學(xué)院，四川省林業(yè)生態(tài)工程省級(jí)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，四川 成都 611130)

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模擬氮沉降對(duì)常綠闊葉林土壤有效氮形態(tài)和含量的影響

向元彬，黃從德，胡庭興，涂利華，周世興，肖永翔，唐劍東

(四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 林學(xué)院，四川省林業(yè)生態(tài)工程省級(jí)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，四川 成都 611130)

常綠闊葉林；華西雨屏區(qū)；氮沉降；硝態(tài)氮；銨態(tài)氮

氮素是土壤養(yǎng)分的重要組成部分，是森林植物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育所必需的重要營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素之一，其含量是衡量土壤質(zhì)量、結(jié)構(gòu)、團(tuán)聚體形成等的主要指標(biāo)[1-3]。在森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中，土壤有效氮主要以銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮的無(wú)機(jī)氮形式存在，是植物從土壤中吸收氮素的主要形態(tài)[4-6]，其含量與分布不僅對(duì)土壤氮素的循環(huán)過(guò)程有著重要影響，而且與植物生產(chǎn)力有著緊密聯(lián)系。

1 研究區(qū)概況

研究區(qū)位于四川省雅安市雨城區(qū)碧峰峽(102°90′ E,29°40′ N)，海拔高度977.62 m，≥10 ℃年積溫5 231 ℃，年均氣溫為16.2 ℃，最冷月為1月，平均氣溫6.1 ℃，最熱月為7月，平均氣溫25.4 ℃，全年地面均溫18.1 ℃。日照長(zhǎng)度為1 039.6 h，全年太陽(yáng)輻射總量為3 640.13 MJ/cm2。無(wú)霜期為304 d，年平均降水量1 772.2 mm，年蒸發(fā)量為1 011.2 mm，全年相對(duì)濕度為79%，氣候溫和濕潤(rùn)，屬亞熱帶濕潤(rùn)季風(fēng)型山地氣候，試驗(yàn)區(qū)為地帶性的偏濕性亞熱帶常綠闊葉林。試驗(yàn)區(qū)內(nèi)植物種類(lèi)豐富，群落結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。主要有木荷(Schimasuperba)、硬斗石櫟(Lithocarpushancei)、潤(rùn)楠(Machiluspingii)、總狀山礬(Symplocosbotryantha)、青榨槭(Acerdavidii)、野漆(Rhussuccedanea)、海桐(Pittosporumtobira)、深裂中華槭(Acersinense)、利川潤(rùn)楠(Machiluslichuanensis)、肉桂(Cinnamomumcassia)、大葉石櫟(Lithocarpusmegalophyllus)、柃木(Euryajaponica)和山茶(Camelliajaponica)等。土壤類(lèi)型以黃壤為主，土壤厚度大于60 cm，林地條件基本一致。

2 材料與方法

2.1 試驗(yàn)地設(shè)置

2013年10月在四川省雅安市雨城區(qū)碧峰峽選擇具代表性的天然常綠闊葉林作為研究對(duì)象，在研究對(duì)象內(nèi)建立12個(gè)3 m×3 m的樣方，隨機(jī)分為4組，每個(gè)樣方間設(shè)寬度>3 m的緩沖帶。試驗(yàn)設(shè)置4個(gè)氮沉降水平，每個(gè)水平3個(gè)重復(fù)，處理水平分別為對(duì)照(CK,0 g/(m2·年))、低氮(L,5 g/(m2·年))、中氮(M,15 g/(m2·年))和高氮(H,30 g/(m2·年))。將年氮沉降量換算為每15 d的氮沉降量，從2013年11月下旬開(kāi)始，平均每15 d用NH4NO3進(jìn)行模擬氮沉降1次。施氮的方法是將每個(gè)樣方所需NH4NO3溶解在2 L水中，用手提式噴霧器在林地樣方50 cm高度來(lái)回均勻噴灑，非施氮處理樣方噴施2 L清水。

2.2 土壤樣品采集與處理

2.3 土壤理化指標(biāo)的測(cè)定

2.4 數(shù)據(jù)分析

3 結(jié)果與分析

3.1 模擬氮沉降對(duì)華西雨屏區(qū)常綠闊葉林土壤理化性質(zhì)的影響

表 1 模擬氮沉降對(duì)華西雨屏區(qū)天然常綠闊葉林0～20 cm土層土壤理化性質(zhì)的影響

圖柱上標(biāo)不同大寫(xiě)字母代表處理間差異顯著(P<0.05,n=3)，標(biāo)不同小寫(xiě)字母代表土層間差異顯著(P<0.05,n=3)。下圖同

Different capital letters denote significantly different among treatments (P<0.05,n=3),and different lowercase letters denote significantly difference among layers (P<0.05,n=3).The same below

圖 1 模擬氮沉降對(duì)華西雨屏區(qū)天然常綠闊葉林不同土層土壤銨態(tài)氮含量的影響

3.4 不同氮沉降處理土壤無(wú)機(jī)氮含量與其他理化性質(zhì)的相關(guān)性

圖 2 模擬氮沉降對(duì)華西雨屏區(qū)天然常綠闊葉林不同土層土壤硝態(tài)氮含量的影響

表 2 華西雨屏區(qū)天然常綠闊葉林不同氮沉降處理0～20 cm土層土壤無(wú)機(jī)氮與其他理化性質(zhì)的相關(guān)系數(shù)

注：* 和** 分別表示在P<0.05 和P<0.01水平相關(guān)性顯著 (n=3)。

Note:* and ** stand for significant correlation atP<0.05 andP<0.01 level,respectively(n=3).

4 結(jié)論與討論

由此可見(jiàn)，氮沉降對(duì)華西雨屏區(qū)常綠闊葉林土壤氮素狀況產(chǎn)生了明顯的影響，但其影響機(jī)制非常復(fù)雜，本研究為期1年，時(shí)間較短，模擬氮沉降僅處于初期階段，要全面評(píng)價(jià)氮輸入對(duì)森林土壤氮素循環(huán)的影響還需進(jìn)一步長(zhǎng)期深入地研究。

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Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on forms and contents of soil available nitrogen in an evergreen broad-leaved forest

XIANG Yuanbin,HUANG Congde,HU Tingxing,TU Lihua,ZHOU Shixing,XIAO Yongxiang,TANG Jiandong

(College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Laboratory of Forestry Ecology Engineering,theProvincialKeyLaboratoryofSichuanProvince,Chengdu,Sichuan611130,China)

時(shí)間:2016-10-20 16:36

10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2016.12.011

2015-07-22

國(guó)家“十二五”科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2010BACO1A11)；國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31300522)

向元彬(1983-)，男，四川成都人，在讀博士，主要從事森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)經(jīng)營(yíng)與管理研究。E-mail:tbrain@163.com

黃從德(1969-),男，四川內(nèi)江人，教授，博士，博士生導(dǎo)師，主要從事森林碳循環(huán)、森林資源調(diào)查理論與技術(shù)研究。 E-mail:lyyxq100@aliyun.com

S718.55

A

1671-9387(2016)12-0073-08

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