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      膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素對(duì)膀胱疼痛綜合征疼痛程度影響的 Meta分析①

      2016-11-21 07:50:56張杰王強(qiáng)王增春任自剛熊巍劉海泉王俊杰范婷婷
      中國康復(fù)理論與實(shí)踐 2016年10期
      關(guān)鍵詞:肉毒毒素檢索

      張杰,王強(qiáng),王增春,任自剛,熊巍,劉海泉,王俊杰,范婷婷

      ·循證醫(yī)學(xué)·

      膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素對(duì)膀胱疼痛綜合征疼痛程度影響的 Meta分析①

      張杰1,王強(qiáng)2,3,王增春2,3,任自剛2,3,熊巍2,3,劉海泉2,3,王俊杰2,3,范婷婷2,3

      目的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素對(duì)膀胱疼痛綜合征疼痛程度的影響。方法檢索Cochrane圖書館、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Springer、Wiley、Science Direct、OVID數(shù)據(jù)庫,搜集膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素治療膀胱疼痛綜合征的隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)。由兩位研究者根據(jù)納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)篩選試驗(yàn),提取資料并進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)后,取治療前、后視覺模擬評(píng)分值,利用Rev-Man 5.2軟件進(jìn)行Meta分析。結(jié)果最終篩選出5篇符合條件的文獻(xiàn),共納入218例患者,其中對(duì)照組91例,膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素組127例。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素組對(duì)疼痛的緩解程度優(yōu)于對(duì)照組。結(jié)論膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素能夠緩解膀胱疼痛綜合征的疼痛程度。

      膀胱疼痛綜合征;肉毒毒素;膀胱注射;隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn);Meta分析

      [本文著錄格式]張杰,王強(qiáng),王增春,等.膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素對(duì)膀胱疼痛綜合征疼痛程度影響的Meta分析[J].中國康復(fù)理論與實(shí)踐,2016,22(10):1222-1226.

      CITEDAS:Zhang J,Wang Q,Wang ZC,etal.Effectof intravesicalBotulinum toxin injection on pain of bladderpain syndrome:aMeta-analysis[J].Zhongguo Kangfu Lilun Yu Shijian,2016,22(10):1222-1226.

      膀胱疼痛綜合征(bladder pain syndrome,BPS)是一種原因不明、發(fā)生在膀胱區(qū)的持續(xù)性或周期性疼痛,它同時(shí)至少還伴有以下癥狀之一:膀胱充盈后疼痛加重、白天和/或夜間尿頻。間質(zhì)性膀胱炎(interstitial cystitis,IC)是其中一種代表性疾病。由于臨床上經(jīng)常將IC作為BPS的代名詞[1],或認(rèn)為IC是BPS中具有典型特征的一種類型[2],故而在很多文獻(xiàn)中統(tǒng)稱為BPS/ IC[3-5]。膀胱疼痛綜合征國際協(xié)會(huì)于2005年將BPS/IC定義為“與膀胱充盈有關(guān)的恥骨弓上疼痛,伴隨有其他癥狀(例如日間和夜間尿頻),缺乏泌尿系感染或其他病理學(xué)依據(jù)”[6-7]。尿動(dòng)力學(xué)和女性泌尿科學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)(Society of Urodynam ics,F(xiàn)emale Pelvic Medicine& Urogenital Reconstruction,SUFU)將它定義成“一種被感知到的與膀胱有關(guān)的不愉快感(疼痛、壓脹、不適),伴隨有下尿道癥狀,時(shí)間超過6周,缺乏感染或其他明確原因”[8]。

      BPS/IC可以導(dǎo)致睡眠障礙、性功能障礙、社交障礙及工作能力下降、抑郁、焦慮、災(zāi)難感、精神緊張,從而使患者的生活質(zhì)量嚴(yán)重降低[9-14]。而且,它會(huì)加重患者的負(fù)擔(dān),導(dǎo)致這種疾病不能得到及時(shí)的診斷和有效的治療[15],這種狀態(tài)使BPS/IC患者更易患上其他疾?。?6-17]。從某種意義上說,BPS/IC患者已經(jīng)形成了一個(gè)新的殘疾人群[14]。

      1 資料與方法

      1.1系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)的技術(shù)路線

      1.2納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

      ①涉及膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素治療BPS/IC的隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn);②患者符合間質(zhì)性膀胱炎歐洲研究學(xué)會(huì)(European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis,ESSIC)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[24]或美國國立糖尿病、消化和腎病研究所(National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases,NIDDK)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[25];③文獻(xiàn)語種是英語;④干預(yù)措施是全麻或局麻下經(jīng)膀胱鏡以黏膜下注射方式將肉毒毒素注射到膀胱壁膀胱內(nèi);⑤對(duì)照是膀胱內(nèi)注射生理鹽水。

      1.3排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

      ①同一研究中除了膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素,還有其他干預(yù)措施;②膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素與其他干預(yù)措施聯(lián)合應(yīng)用;③重復(fù)文獻(xiàn)。

      1.4提取資料

      對(duì)所納入文獻(xiàn)提取的資料為視覺模擬評(píng)分(Visual Analogue Score,VAS)。對(duì)疼痛程度評(píng)分方法不是VAS的轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的VAS值。

      1.5檢索策略

      檢索Cochrane圖書館、PubMed、Web of Science、 Embase、 Springer、 Wiley、 Science Direct、OVID,對(duì)建庫至2015年5月的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行檢索,采用計(jì)算機(jī)檢索和人工檢索需要納入文獻(xiàn)的參考文獻(xiàn),必要時(shí)向作者索取原始數(shù)據(jù)。檢索關(guān)鍵詞:Botulinum toxin、 botox、 dysport、 interstitial cystitis、 pelvic pain、painfulbladder、bladder pain syndrome。采用自由詞和主題詞法檢索已發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn),文獻(xiàn)類型限定為臨床試驗(yàn),語種限定為英語。

      1.6文獻(xiàn)篩選

      由兩位研究人員獨(dú)立進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)并按設(shè)計(jì)好的表格從文獻(xiàn)中提取資料(包括患者特征、干預(yù)方法、結(jié)果),如果意見產(chǎn)生分歧,需要通過討論并按照第3位研究人員的意見進(jìn)行抉擇。

      1.7文獻(xiàn)評(píng)估

      將Jadad評(píng)分法[26]及隱蔽分組評(píng)價(jià)方法[27]結(jié)合應(yīng)用對(duì)文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)見表1。

      表1 文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

      1.8統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

      分析采用Cochrane協(xié)作網(wǎng)提供的Revman 5.2版本軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析與處理。顯著性水平α=0.05。

      2 結(jié)果

      2.1文獻(xiàn)結(jié)果

      篩選文獻(xiàn)流程見圖1。符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的文獻(xiàn)有9篇,其中2篇是重復(fù)報(bào)道,2篇文獻(xiàn)(Zaitcev[28]和Lee[29])的質(zhì)量較低,最終共篩選出5篇符合條件的文獻(xiàn)。兩組一般資料均無顯著性差異(P>0.05)。見表2、表3。共納入218例患者,其中對(duì)照組91例,膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素組(實(shí)驗(yàn)組)127例。所有納入研究的文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)分均在4B以上。見表4。

      2.2Meta分析結(jié)果

      根據(jù)5個(gè)研究治療前后VAS變化值進(jìn)行分析,I2<50%或P>0.10采用固定效應(yīng)模型,反之則采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型。結(jié)果顯示,5項(xiàng)關(guān)于膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素對(duì)VAS影響的研究具有同質(zhì)性(I2=31%,P=0.20),合并效應(yīng)量加權(quán)均數(shù)差(weightedmean difference,WMD)采用固定效應(yīng)模型,WMD的合并效應(yīng)量為-1.10,其99% CI為(-1.55,-0.65),合并效應(yīng)量的檢驗(yàn)Z=4.79,P<0.001(圖2)。表明與對(duì)照組相比,膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素可降低BPS/IC患者的疼痛程度。因?yàn)榧{入研究較少,因此不做發(fā)表偏倚檢測(cè)。

      表2 患者一般資料

      表3 納入文獻(xiàn)中兩組VAS評(píng)分

      圖1 文獻(xiàn)篩選流程圖

      表4 文獻(xiàn)評(píng)分情況表

      圖2 實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組VAS評(píng)分比較的 Meta分析

      3 討論

      目前BPS/IC的病因、發(fā)病機(jī)制仍無法確定,因此也很難確定一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的BPS/IC診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),因?yàn)槿魏我环N診斷都無法涵蓋所有BPS/IC。由于診斷困難,導(dǎo)致它的治療效果不明顯。

      肉毒毒素是由肉毒梭菌產(chǎn)生的一種強(qiáng)效神經(jīng)毒素,它的分子作用模式是與膽堿能神經(jīng)末端上的糖蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)合(細(xì)胞外)以及阻斷神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)乙酰膽堿分泌(細(xì)胞內(nèi)),從而抑制肌肉收縮[34]。目前被廣泛應(yīng)用于頸部肌張力障礙(控制疼痛)[35]、腦癱(降低痙攣程度)[36]、三叉神經(jīng)痛(減輕疼痛、焦慮、抑郁并改善睡眠質(zhì)量)[37]、慢性偏頭痛(緩解疼痛)[38]、復(fù)雜區(qū)域性疼痛綜合征(緩解疼痛)[39],泌尿系統(tǒng)疾病如逼尿肌過度活動(dòng)(降低尿失禁次數(shù)及增加最大膀胱容量)[40]、良性前列腺增生(改善下尿路癥狀)[41]以及慢性盆腔痛、盆底肌肉疼痛、BPS/IC(降低疼痛程度和改善癥狀)[42-44]。在治療BPS/IC時(shí),注射1次肉毒毒素的平均有效期可到達(dá)6個(gè)月,而且重復(fù)注射是安全的[21]。潰瘍型BPS/ IC與非潰瘍型BPS/IC對(duì)肉毒毒素的治療反應(yīng)相似,這也從側(cè)面提示BPS/IC患者的疼痛并非直接與潰瘍本身有關(guān)[45]。不過也有臨床觀察認(rèn)為潰瘍型BPS/IC與非潰瘍型BPS/IC對(duì)肉毒毒素的治療反應(yīng)存在差異,這也進(jìn)一步說明BPS/IC的復(fù)雜性[46]。

      本次研究共納入5篇高質(zhì)量的隨機(jī)對(duì)照文獻(xiàn),結(jié)果顯示,實(shí)驗(yàn)組BPS/IC患者疼痛程度的改善優(yōu)于對(duì)照組。但是,由于語種僅限為英文,存在發(fā)表偏倚,而且從患者診斷為BPS/IC至開始接受膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素治療的時(shí)間沒有統(tǒng)一,這對(duì)最終的結(jié)果都會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的影響。

      總之,膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素能夠緩解膀胱疼痛綜合征的疼痛程度,但今后需要納入更多的高質(zhì)量隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究對(duì)此進(jìn)行更精準(zhǔn)的認(rèn)證。

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      Effectof Intravesical Botu linum Toxin Injection on Pain of Bladder Pain Syndrome:A Meta-analysis

      ZHANG Jie1,WANG Qiɑng2,3,WANG Zeng-chun2,3,REN Zi-gɑng2,3,XIONGWei2,3,LIU Hɑi-quɑn2,3,WANG Jun-jie2,3,F(xiàn)AN Ting-ting2,3
      1.Departmentof Anesthesiology and Operation Room,CapitalMedical University Affiliated Beijing Ditan Hospital,Beijing 100015,China;2.DepartmentofAnesthesiology,Beijing Bo'aiHospital,China Rehabilitation Research Center,Beijing 100068,China;3.CapitalMedicalUniversity Schoolof Rehabilitation Medicine,Beijing 100068,China
      Correspondence to WANGQiɑng.E-mail:13801032889@163.com

      Objective To systemically evaluate theeffectof intravesical Botulinum toxin on pain of patientspain syndrom. Methods The follow ing databases as Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Springer,Wiley,Science Direct,OVID were searched to collect the randomized controlled trials(RCTs)with the treatment of intravesical Botulinum toxin vs.0.9%sodium chloride for patientswith bladder pain syndrome.Two reviewers screened the trials according to the inclusion and exclusion criterias,extracted the data,assessed the quality,and the changes of Visual Analogue Scales(VAS)before and after treatmentwere used to conductMeta analysiswith RevMan5.2 software.Results Five studieswere included with a totalof 218 patients,therewere 127 cases in intravesical Botulinum toxin group and 91 cases in 0.9%sodium chloride group.Meta analysis showed that the pain relief effectof intravesical Botulinum toxinwasbetter than thatof 0.9%sodium chloride.Conclusion IntravesicalBotulinum toxin can relieve the pain of patientswith bladder pain syndrome.

      bladder pain syndrome;Botulinum toxin;intravesical injection;random ized controlled trials;Meta analysis

      10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2016.10.024

      R694

      A

      1006-9771(2016)10-1222-05

      1.首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬北京地壇醫(yī)院麻醉科,北京市100015;2.中國康復(fù)研究中心北京博愛醫(yī)院麻醉科,北京市100068;3.首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)院,北京市100068。作者簡(jiǎn)介:張杰(1984-),男,山西忻州市人,醫(yī)師,主要研究方向:臨床麻醉與疼痛。通訊作者:王強(qiáng)(1968-),男,浙江杭州市人,醫(yī)學(xué)博士,主任醫(yī)師,主要研究方向:臨床麻醉與疼痛。E-mail:13801032889@163.com。

      世界范圍內(nèi)有眾多人群受到BPS/IC的困擾[10,18-19],由于病因不清,診斷不及時(shí),使得它的治療缺乏足夠的有效性,因此如何有效治療BPS/IC是目前亟待解決的問題。多個(gè)臨床觀察顯示膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素治療BPS/IC有效[1,20-23]。本文擬通過Meta分析確定膀胱內(nèi)注射肉毒毒素治療BPS/IC的效果。

      (2016-01-11

      2016-03-14)

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