張 春, 壽 璽, 李志強, 王雪梅, 姜 濤, 段明軍, 魏 琴, 鄭 茜
(新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)1第一附屬醫(yī)院, 新疆醫(yī)學(xué)動物模型研究重點實驗室, 烏魯木齊 830054;2新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院中醫(yī)科, 烏魯木齊 830063)
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CYP2E1在HBV轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠急性肝損傷時的表達及意義
張春1, 壽璽1, 李志強1, 王雪梅1, 姜濤1, 段明軍1, 魏琴1, 鄭茜2
(新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)1第一附屬醫(yī)院, 新疆醫(yī)學(xué)動物模型研究重點實驗室, 烏魯木齊830054;2新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院中醫(yī)科, 烏魯木齊830063)
目的研究HBV轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠肝臟在四氯化碳(CCl4)急性損傷情況下,肝癌相關(guān)基因細(xì)胞色素P2E1(CYP2E1)表達水平的變化。方法選擇8~10周齡HBV(-)[HBV(-)組]及HBV(+)[HBV(+)組]轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠各24只,按照1.0 μL/g體質(zhì)量腹腔注射CCl4(1∶4溶于橄欖油)建立急性肝損傷模型,另外選用正常健康小鼠8只作為對照組,僅給予生理鹽水腹腔注射。各組分別于注射后3、6、12、24、48 h和72 h處死小鼠。采集各組大鼠肝組織樣本,光鏡下觀察不同時間點肝臟組織學(xué)改變,并采用熒光定量PCR法測定各組大鼠肝組織中CYP2E1基因相對的mRNA水平,采用免疫組織化學(xué)和蛋白印跡技術(shù)觀察各組大鼠肝臟組織中CYP2E1的表達水平。結(jié)果與對照組比較,HBV(-)組和HBV(+)組,CCl4致急性肝損傷時,CYP2E1的mRNA及其蛋白表達水平明顯升高,在注射CCl472 h達到峰值。與HBV(-)組比較,HBV(+)組小鼠肝臟損傷程度較重,CYP2E1基因和蛋白的表達水平均明顯增高。結(jié)論CCl4所致急性肝損傷HBV轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠CYP2E1基因的表達明顯增加。該研究結(jié)果為HBV所致的肝損傷及肝癌的發(fā)病機制提供了依據(jù)。
基因表達; 肝癌; 轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠; CYP2E1; 急性肝損傷
乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus, HBV)是一種嗜肝DNA病毒,可以引起急、慢性肝炎,甚至肝細(xì)胞癌[1-4]。因為HBV只感染人類及少數(shù)靈長類動物,因此很大程度限制了HBV相關(guān)性肝炎及肝癌在整體動物水平的研究。自基因工程技術(shù)成熟以來,研究人員可以通過研制轉(zhuǎn)/敲除基因的動物模型,來研究任何感興趣的基因,而建立HBV轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠已成為研究HBV相關(guān)肝臟疾病的一種有效方法[5-8]。
肝癌是我國常見的惡性腫瘤之一,居全國惡性腫瘤死亡的第二位[9]。有研究證實肝癌的發(fā)生和HBV病毒的感染有關(guān)[1-4]。但HBV感染所致肝癌的具體機制不清。目前研究認(rèn)為,遺傳因素和HBV感染之間可能存在交互作用,共同導(dǎo)致肝癌的發(fā)生[10-15]。最近研究表明,細(xì)胞色素P4502E1(CYP2E1)基因的變異和表達和肝癌的易感性存在關(guān)聯(lián)[16-19]。HBV感染可能誘導(dǎo)CYP2E1基因的高表達,從而參與肝臟損傷及肝癌的發(fā)病機制。本研究選用HBV轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠為工具,模擬HBV感染急性肝損傷的病理過程,觀察CYP2E1基因的表達水平變化,以期為闡明HBV相關(guān)性肝病的發(fā)病機制提供依據(jù)。
1.1實驗試劑與儀器橄欖油(歐麗薇蘭公司),四氯化碳(CCl4,湖北大學(xué)化工廠),組織總RNA提取試劑盒、核蛋白提取試劑盒(北京百泰克有限公司),實時熒光定量PCR試劑盒、Western Blotting試劑盒(美國Invitrogen公司),免疫組化試劑盒(北京中杉金橋生物技術(shù)有限公司,貨號:PV-9000),DAB顯色試劑盒(武漢博士德生物工程有限公司,貨號:AR1022),兔抗人CYP2E1抗體(Bioworld公司,貨號:BS6577)。
1.2實驗動物及分組SPF級HBV(-)[HBV(-)組]及HBV(+)[HBV(+)組]轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠各24只(上海模式生物研究中心),8~10周齡,體質(zhì)量18~22 g。 SPF級C57BL/6小鼠8只(新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)實驗動物中心,許可證號:XJZZQ(XK)200301)為對照組,8~10周齡,體質(zhì)量18~22 g。HBV(-)及HBV(+)組按照1.0 μL/g體重質(zhì)量腹腔注射CCl4(1∶4溶于橄欖油)建立急性肝損傷模型[20],對照組僅給予生理鹽水腹腔注射。各組分別于注射后3、6、12、24、48和72 h處死小鼠,采集各組小鼠肝組織樣本備用。
1.3HE染色各組小鼠肝組織樣本經(jīng)4%多聚甲醛浸泡固定,梯度乙醇脫水,二甲苯透明,石蠟包埋,切片;經(jīng)HE染色,光學(xué)顯微鏡觀察肝組織形態(tài)學(xué)改變。
1.4免疫組化采用常規(guī)LSAB法進行免疫組織化學(xué)檢測,一抗孵育:每張切片滴加約50~100 μL一抗工作液,(稀釋濃度為1∶100),用商業(yè)化的抗體稀釋液稀釋一抗,配成工作液后4℃冰箱保存待用,濕盒內(nèi)4℃孵育過夜。生物素處理后再與前述抗原成分結(jié)合,將抗原放大,并借助于顯色劑DAB將抗原抗體反應(yīng)部位顯示出來在光鏡下觀察到表達陽性部位棕黃著色。
1.5實時熒光定量PCR (RT-PCR)RT-PCR檢測各組大鼠肝臟組織細(xì)胞中CYP2E1基因mRNA的表達,組織總RNA按照試劑盒說明書進行。紫外分光光度計波長260 nm和280 nm檢測吸光度(A),A260 nm/A280 nm值為1.8~2.0。將其逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA,進行PCR擴增。CYP2E1和β-actin基因的引物序列見表1。
1.6Western Blot檢測采用Western Blotting 技術(shù)檢測肝臟組織中CYP2E1基因蛋白的表達。BCA法測定待測樣品的蛋白濃度,取50 μg總蛋白加入上樣緩沖液煮沸3 min變性,經(jīng)SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳(SDS-PAGE)分離蛋白,電轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜,封閉后與1∶600稀釋的CYP2E1一抗振搖2 h,4℃孵育過夜;與1∶1 000稀釋的二抗37℃孵育1 h,再與化學(xué)發(fā)光試劑(ECL)溫浴1 min后曝光、顯影和定影。用Quantity One分析軟件進行分析,通過目的蛋白除以內(nèi)參β-actin蛋白的積分光密度值,得到各組蛋白條帶相對值。
2.1光學(xué)顯微鏡觀察肝臟組織結(jié)構(gòu)變化經(jīng)HE染色觀察,肝臟組織細(xì)胞核呈藍色,細(xì)胞漿、肌纖維、膠原纖維和紅細(xì)胞呈不同程度的紅色。對照組小鼠肝臟組織有完整的肝小葉結(jié)構(gòu),細(xì)胞大小均勻,排列整齊,分界清楚,未見炎性細(xì)胞浸潤和匯管區(qū)異常,未見干細(xì)胞變性、壞死,纖維組織增生。HBV(+)組鏡下可見肝小葉結(jié)構(gòu)破壞,出現(xiàn)以中央靜脈為中心的局灶性肝細(xì)胞變性,最為明顯的是細(xì)胞氣球樣變和脂肪變性,肝小葉內(nèi)點狀壞死和炎細(xì)胞浸潤,肝細(xì)胞核大小不一,呈不同程度的固縮。上述變化在CCl4注射后72 h最為明顯。HBV(-)組變化和HBV(+)組相同,但程度較輕,見圖1。
圖1 肝臟組織學(xué)改變的HE染色(×100)
2.2CYP2E1基因mRNA表達水平變化與對照組比較,HBV(-)組及HBV(+)組CYP2E1基因mRNA表達水平在CCl4注射3 h開始表達上調(diào),在注射后72 h達到高峰。HBV(-)組在6、12、24、48及72 hCYP2E1基因mRNA表達水平較對照組明顯升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);HBV(+)組在注射CCl4后3 h CYP2E1基因mRNA表達水平明顯高于對照組(P<0.05),在6、12、24、48及72 h時與對照組比較差異均具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);HBV(+)組在3、6、12、24、48及72h時mRNA表達水平較對照組均明顯升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見圖2。
注:與對照組比較,*P<0.05; 與HVB(-)組比較,#P<0.05。
圖2CYP2E1基因mRNA表達水平變化
2.3在組織水平CYP2E1蛋白的水平與對照組比較, HBV(-)組和HBV(+)組CYP2E1蛋白表達水平均明顯升高;與HBV(-)組比較,HBV(+)組CYP2E1蛋白表達在6、12、24、48及72 h均明顯升高,見圖3。
2.4CYP2E1蛋白水平變化與對照組比較,CYP2E1蛋白的表達在HBV(-)組和HBV(+)組CCl4注射后3 h明顯升高(P<0.05)。HBV(-)組和HBV(+)組間比較,CYP2E1蛋白的表達在6、12和24 h未見明顯差異,在48和72 h,HBV(+)組CYP2E1蛋白的表達明顯高于HBV(-)組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見圖4。
近年來,為了使實驗性肝損傷及肝癌模型更加接近實際,并深入研究HBV引起肝癌的發(fā)病機制,人們建立了乙型肝炎病毒轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠模型,并能使之自發(fā)產(chǎn)生肝癌[21-22]。本研究采用CCl4誘導(dǎo)HBV轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠,使之產(chǎn)生急性肝損傷的病理過程,觀察在HBV作用下,CCl4對肝組織產(chǎn)生損傷時CYP2E1基因的表達。CYP2E1參與肝病的發(fā)生機制主要和以下環(huán)節(jié)有關(guān):CYP2E1在其底物的代謝過程中可產(chǎn)生大量氧自由基,使DNA、蛋白質(zhì)和脂質(zhì)氧化,造成肝細(xì)胞多種成分的廣泛氧化損傷,導(dǎo)致肝細(xì)胞的壞死和生物膜損傷,誘導(dǎo)肝細(xì)胞癌變的形成[23-25]。CYP2E1途徑的氧化代謝不但不能產(chǎn)生ATP,還可增加對氧的消耗,造成能量的耗竭加大肝細(xì)胞區(qū)域帶的氧耗梯度,影響肝細(xì)胞正常功能代謝。肝細(xì)胞內(nèi)CYP2E1的表達增加導(dǎo)致大量活性氧(ROS)的產(chǎn)生,同時通過增強脂質(zhì)過氧化程度,損傷生物膜功能,協(xié)同細(xì)胞因子和肝細(xì)胞凋亡來加重肝細(xì)胞的炎癥、壞死、纖維化甚至癌變[23-25]。
圖3 免疫組織化學(xué)結(jié)果
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),肝癌轉(zhuǎn)移水平的增強與環(huán)氧化酶(COX-2)的表達及乙型肝炎X蛋白(HBx)上調(diào)密切相關(guān)[26-28]。由于CYP2E1可促進細(xì)胞內(nèi)花生四烯酸(AA)的產(chǎn)生,推測 CYP2E1和HBV存在一定相關(guān)性,可能通過相互作用促進肝癌的發(fā)生。本研究通過免疫組化、實時熒光定量PCR及Western blotting等多種技術(shù)的同時應(yīng)用,觀察到HBV(+)組小鼠在受到CCl4損傷后,CYP2E1基因及其蛋白的表達顯著高于HBV(-)組小鼠,表明HBV在肝組織損傷時可以促進CYP2E1基因的表達。CCl4所致急性肝損傷HBV轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠CYP2E1基因的表達明顯增加。
注:與HBV(-)組比較, *P<0.05。
綜上,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)HBV轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠在CCl4所致急性肝損傷病理過程中較野生型小鼠具有明顯的組織學(xué)改變,CYP2E1基因及蛋白的表達明顯升高。該項研究為探討HBV所致的肝損傷者肝癌的發(fā)病機制提供了新的依據(jù)。
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(本文編輯楊晨晨)
CYP2E1 expression in HBV-Transgenic mice with acute liver injury
ZHANG Chun1, SHOU Xi1, LI Zhiqiang1, WANG Xuemei1, JIANG Tao1, DUAN Mingjun1,WEI Qin1, ZHENG Qian2
(1XinjiangKeyLaboratoryforMedicalAnimalModelResearch,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofXinjiangMedicalUniversity,Urumqi830054,China;2DepartmentofChineseMedicine,theSecondAffiliatedHospitalofXinjiangMedicalUniversity,Urumqi830063,China)
ObjectiveTo study the CYP2E1 gene expression in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in HBV transgenic mice. MethodsTwenty four HBV (-) and twenty four HBV(+) transgenic mice aged 8 to 10 weeks were selected for the present study. CCl4intraperitoneal injection were performed to induce acute liver injury model. 8 normal clean-grad C57BL/6 mice were taken as the control group. The control group received saline intraperitoneally. 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after injection, respectively, the mice in each group were killed. The liver tissue samples of mice were collected. The liver histological changes at different time points in each group were observed under light microscope. The quantitative PCR methods were utilized to measure the relative mRNA levels of CYP2E1 gene in liver tissue. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques were used to observe tissue expression levels of CYP2E1 in each group. ResultsCompared with the control group, both in HBV(-) group and in HBV (+) group had severe liver damage, CYP2E1 gene and protein expression levels significantly increased. ConclusionIn CCl4induced acute liver injury of HBV transgenic mice, the CYP2E1 gene expression significantly increased. The results provided evidence for the HBV-induced liver damage and liver cancer pathogenesis.
gene expression; liver; mice; CYP2E1; acute liver injury; carbon tetrachloride
新疆醫(yī)學(xué)動物模型研究重點實驗室開發(fā)課題(XJDX1103-2013-07)
張春(1981-),男, 碩士,助理研究員,研究方向:人類疾病動物模型研究。
鄭茜,女,碩士,副主任醫(yī)師,研究方向:中醫(yī)內(nèi)科學(xué),E-mail:17260135@qq.com。
R575.5
A
1009-5551(2016)10-1272-05
10.3969/j.issn.1009-5551.2016.10.015
2016-04-11]