劉建峰,武 藝,郝 鵬,羅鴻宇,華 琦*
(1.北京市利康醫(yī)院住院部,北京 102609;2.中國康復(fù)研究中心北京博愛醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科,北京 100068;3.首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬北京安貞醫(yī)院急診科,北京 100029;4首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)宣武醫(yī)院心臟科,北京 100053)
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·論著·
中性粒細(xì)胞淋巴細(xì)胞比值與急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征患者左心室收縮功能不全的相關(guān)性分析
劉建峰1,武藝2,郝鵬3,羅鴻宇4,華琦4*
(1.北京市利康醫(yī)院住院部,北京 102609;2.中國康復(fù)研究中心北京博愛醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科,北京 100068;3.首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬北京安貞醫(yī)院急診科,北京 100029;4首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)宣武醫(yī)院心臟科,北京 100053)
目的探討中性粒細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞比值(neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, NLR)與急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者左心室收縮功能的相關(guān)性。方法回顧性分析438例ACS患者的臨床資料。入選者均于入院后、冠狀動(dòng)脈造影和藥物應(yīng)用之前從肘靜脈抽血,查血常規(guī)并計(jì)算求得NLR。所有患者于入院72 h內(nèi)心臟彩超檢查測得左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF),根據(jù)LVEF將ACS患者分為2組:左心室收縮功能不全組(LVEF<50%)81例和左心室收縮功能正常組(LVEF≥50%)357例。結(jié)果①與左心室收縮功能正常組比較,左心室收縮功能不全組年齡、hsCRP、WBC計(jì)數(shù)以及NLR水平明顯偏高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);左心室收縮功能不全組的AMI患病率較高,再灌注治療的比率偏低(P<0.05)。②Pearson相關(guān)性分析顯示ACS患者的NLR與LVEF值呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.582,P<0.01)。③多因素 Logistic 回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,在校正了年齡、hsCRP、冠狀動(dòng)脈介入/冠狀動(dòng)脈搭橋治療等因素后,NLR仍是ACS患者左心室收縮功能不全的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(OR=1.398, 95%CI= 1.151~1.696,P=0.001)。結(jié)論ACS患者發(fā)病早期的NLR與LVEF呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。NLR可作為非ST段抬高型ACS患者近期左心室收縮功能不全的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。
急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征;每搏輸出量;心室功能障礙,左
10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2016.09.002
炎性反應(yīng)在冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及斑塊破裂中起著關(guān)鍵性作用,是冠心病的發(fā)病重要機(jī)制[1-2]。急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)作為冠心病的嚴(yán)重臨床表現(xiàn),是冠心病患者住院和死亡的主要原因。近年來,中性粒細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞比值(neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)作為新的炎癥指標(biāo),在心血管疾病中的研究越來越多,并有望成為冠心病事件新的預(yù)測因素[3-4]。左心室收縮功能不全是ACS患者發(fā)病的一個(gè)重要原因。國內(nèi)關(guān)于NLR與ACS患者左心室收縮功能關(guān)系的研究尚未見報(bào)道。本研究應(yīng)用心臟彩色超聲檢查對患者左心室收縮功能進(jìn)行評估,旨在探討NLR水平與ACS患者近期左心室收縮功能的關(guān)系以及對左心室收縮功能不全的預(yù)測作用。
1.1一般資料回顧性分析2013年5月—2014年9月在首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)宣武醫(yī)院心臟科因胸痛住院并行冠狀動(dòng)脈造影且資料完整的438例ACS患者(包括不穩(wěn)定心絞痛255例,急性心肌梗死183例),ACS診斷依據(jù)為美國心臟病學(xué)會(huì)基金會(huì)/美國心臟協(xié)會(huì)2012 ACS診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。所有患者均排除急慢性感染性疾病、血液系統(tǒng)疾病、自身免疫性疾病、腫瘤、嚴(yán)重肝腎功能不全。根據(jù)超聲測定的左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(left ventrcular systolic function,LVEF)將ACS患者分為左心室收縮功能不全組(LVEF<50%)和左心室收縮功能正常組(LVEF≥50%)。左心室收縮功能不全組81例,男性62例,女性19例,年齡33~75歲,平均(65.73±11.04)歲;左心室功能正常組357例,男性244例,女性113例,年齡30~78歲,平均(62.92±11.15)歲。2組性別、年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)、高血壓史、糖尿病史、吸煙史差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見表1。
本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者均簽署知情同意書。
表1 2組臨床資料比較Table 1 Comparison of clinical data between 2 groups (例數(shù),%)
1.2方法
1.2.1 一般信息的采集包括性別、年齡、吸煙史、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)、高血壓史、糖尿病史及住院后的藥物治療及再灌注(包括經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療和冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植術(shù))治療情況。
1.2.2血液指標(biāo)的檢測受試患者均于入院后、冠狀動(dòng)脈造影和藥物應(yīng)用之前從肘靜脈抽血,應(yīng)用全自動(dòng)血細(xì)胞分析儀檢測血常規(guī)并計(jì)算NLR;次日清晨空腹采取外周靜脈血5mL,檢測血脂、超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白。
1.2.3心功能的測定應(yīng)用彩色多普勒超聲顯像儀進(jìn)行超聲心動(dòng)圖檢查,指定1名高年資超聲醫(yī)師于入院72 h內(nèi)進(jìn)行,從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)長軸切面、短軸切面、心尖二腔觀和四腔觀進(jìn)行掃描,采用Simpson雙平面方法測量LVEF,測量值均取3個(gè)心動(dòng)周期的平均值。并進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法應(yīng)用SPSS 21.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理。計(jì)量資料比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);相關(guān)性采用Pearson相關(guān)性分析;采用Logistic回歸分析評估危險(xiǎn)因素。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1實(shí)驗(yàn)室資料比較2組間急性心肌梗死比例、超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白水平、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、NLR差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。
Pearson相關(guān)分析顯示,ACS患者NLR與LVEF呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.582,P<0.01)。
表22組實(shí)驗(yàn)室資料比較
組別 例數(shù)急性心肌梗死(例數(shù),%)超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(mg/L)白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(×109/L)NLR左心室收縮功能不全組8156(69.13)7.38±2.178.89±2.935.69±1.41左心室收縮功能正常組357129(36.13)4.00±1.797.72±2.492.55±1.34χ2/t 29.47114.7003.7029.268P 0.0000.0000.0000.000
2.2Logistic回歸分析以是否出現(xiàn)左心室收縮功能不全為應(yīng)變量,以年齡、是否有急性心肌梗死、是否行冠狀動(dòng)脈介入/冠狀動(dòng)脈搭橋治療、超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白及NLA為自變量進(jìn)行多因素Logistic 回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示有急性心肌梗死、未行冠狀動(dòng)脈介入/冠狀動(dòng)脈搭橋治療、超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白水平、NLR水平是ACS患者左心室收縮功能不全的危險(xiǎn)因素。見表3,4。
表3 左心室收縮功能不全危險(xiǎn)因素的Logistic 回歸分析變量賦值表Table 3 Multifactor Logistic regression analysis of risk factors of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in ACS patients
表4 左心室收縮功能不全危險(xiǎn)因素的Logistic回歸分析Table 4 Multifactor Logistic regression analysis of risk factors of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in ACS patients
ACS作為冠心病的嚴(yán)重臨床表現(xiàn),是易損斑塊破裂、凝血系統(tǒng)激活、血小板聚集而引起血栓形成導(dǎo)致冠狀動(dòng)脈完全或部分堵塞的臨床綜合征[5]。有研究顯示,在冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素評估中,炎性因子備受關(guān)注,尤其是升高的NLR與冠心病的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān),并逐漸成為冠心病獨(dú)立的預(yù)測指標(biāo)[6-7]。目前NLR與ACS及ACS患者預(yù)后關(guān)系的研究較多,但是NLR與ACS患者近期左心室收縮功能之間關(guān)系的研究尚未見報(bào)道。本研究以經(jīng)冠脈造影確診的ACS患者為研究對象,探討入院時(shí)的NLR與ACS患者LVEF的關(guān)系,重點(diǎn)分析ACS患者發(fā)病早期NLR水平與近期內(nèi)LVEF的關(guān)系,評價(jià)NLR對ACS患者近期左心室收縮功能不全的預(yù)測價(jià)值。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,性別、年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)、血酯、高血壓、糖尿病等與ACS患者發(fā)病初期左心收縮功能不全的發(fā)生無明顯關(guān)系。入院后早期開通罪犯血管及應(yīng)用血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)化酶抑制劑或血管緊張素受體阻斷劑、β受體阻滯劑等治療可以有效降低左心收縮功能不全的發(fā)生。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)ACS合并左心室收縮功能不全組白細(xì)胞、超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白以及NLR水平明顯高于左心室收縮功能正常組,表明炎癥因子在左心室收縮功能不全的患者中發(fā)生了變化;進(jìn)一步相關(guān)性分析顯示NLR與LVEF呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);Logistic多因素分析顯示NLR仍是ACS患者近期左心收縮功能不全的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。故得出結(jié)論,ACS患者發(fā)病早期的NLR與反映左心室收縮功能的LVEF關(guān)系密切,NLR可作為預(yù)測ACS患者近期左心室收縮功能不全的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。
既往研究顯示ACS患者尤其是合并左心室收縮功能下降的患者病死率升高。急性心肌梗死患者白細(xì)胞增多是常見的,數(shù)據(jù)分析顯示白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)是確定高?;颊叩奈kU(xiǎn)因素[8]。最近眾多研究結(jié)果顯示某些白細(xì)胞亞型(中性粒細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞)對心血管重要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估具有更大的預(yù)測價(jià)值。研究顯示中性粒細(xì)胞會(huì)導(dǎo)致某些物質(zhì)的釋放(如蛋白水解酶和超氧化物自由基等),加重炎癥條件,可能在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊破裂中發(fā)揮作用。Avanzas等[9]研究證實(shí)高嗜中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)與心肌梗死面積的程度密切相關(guān)。多項(xiàng)研究證明NLR是下降的LVEF既敏感又特異的預(yù)測因子。升高的NLR是原發(fā)性高血壓患者左心室舒張功能下降的一個(gè)獨(dú)立的預(yù)測因子[10]。Snchez-Lzaro等[11]研究表明炎癥標(biāo)記物與穩(wěn)定的心力衰竭患者心功能分級和預(yù)后相關(guān),認(rèn)為炎癥在心力衰竭中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵的作用。最近的研究表明心肌梗死后的心力衰竭和病死率在高NLR患者明顯升高[12]。Dogdu等[13]研究顯示升高的NLR與冠心病患者LVEF顯著負(fù)相關(guān),NLR是冠心病患者左心室收縮功能不全的一個(gè)獨(dú)立預(yù)測因素。同樣,有研究顯示升高的NLR(>3.2) 是非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者左心室收縮功能不全的一個(gè)獨(dú)立的預(yù)測因素[14]。Dogdu等[13]納入202例穩(wěn)定型多支病變冠心病患者作為研究對象,根據(jù)LVEF將患者分為射血分?jǐn)?shù)保存組(n=106,LVEF>50%)和射血分?jǐn)?shù)受損組(n=96,LVEF <50%),受損組NLR明顯高于保存組,相關(guān)性分析顯示LVEF與NLR呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),ROC曲線分析顯示NLR>3.0(敏感度77%,特異度68%)可以預(yù)測穩(wěn)定型多支病變冠心病患者的左心室收縮功能障礙;在多變量分析中,NLR是穩(wěn)定型多支病變冠心病患者左室收縮功能障礙的一個(gè)獨(dú)立預(yù)測因素。Avci等[15]以87例特發(fā)性擴(kuò)張性心肌病患者為研究對象,分析NLR水平與患者的超聲心動(dòng)圖參數(shù)、NYHA功能分級、B型利鈉肽水平之間的相關(guān)性,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)NLR與特發(fā)性擴(kuò)張性心肌病患者NYHA功能分級、B型利鈉肽呈正相關(guān),NLR與心血管疾病密切相關(guān),與心功能發(fā)生發(fā)展以及嚴(yán)重程度、預(yù)后等關(guān)系密切。
NLR與心力衰竭發(fā)生率及其預(yù)后的關(guān)系在不斷得到各國研究的證實(shí)。國外一項(xiàng)大規(guī)模前瞻性臨床研究顯示,NLR與充血性心力衰竭患者長期生存率密切相關(guān),該研究對1 212例急性失代償性心力衰竭患者進(jìn)行為期26個(gè)月的隨訪,結(jié)果顯示升高的NLR與病死率呈正相關(guān),ROC曲線分析顯示當(dāng)NLR≥7.6時(shí)急性失代償性心力衰竭患者30 d內(nèi)再入院率顯著增高[16]。另一項(xiàng)旨在評估NLR與代償期心力衰竭患者心功能之間關(guān)系的研究,連續(xù)入選94例慢性心力衰竭患者和70例年齡性別匹配超聲心動(dòng)圖檢查正常的健康體檢者作為研究對象,研究對象均在入選前即抽血樣本,行心臟彩色超聲檢查和跑步機(jī)評價(jià)心功能狀態(tài),數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果顯示,NLR是心力衰竭患者心功能狀態(tài)的預(yù)測因子[17]。Benites等[18]進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)隊(duì)列研究結(jié)果顯示升高的NLR與急性心力衰竭患者病死率增加有關(guān),升高的NLR與心力衰竭患者的病死率增加或心臟移植的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有關(guān)。Turfan等[19]研究納入了167例射血分?jǐn)?shù)< 50%的急性心力衰竭患者,觀察主要終點(diǎn)是住院死亡發(fā)生率,根據(jù)患者住院死亡發(fā)生率分為2組,在多元回歸分析中,校正了包括人口基線、臨床、生化指標(biāo)后,NLR仍然是急性心力衰竭患者住院死亡的獨(dú)立預(yù)測因子,即升高的NLR可以預(yù)測急性心力衰竭患者的短期死亡發(fā)生率。諸多實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明NLR與心血管疾病患者心功能及預(yù)后相關(guān)。
本研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)NLR與心血管疾病特別是與ACS患者近期左心收縮功能的關(guān)系密切,表明NLR可作為ACS患者住院期間出現(xiàn)左心室收縮功能不全的預(yù)測因子。至于NLR在左心功能不全的發(fā)生中的作用機(jī)制目前尚不清楚。推測原因,NLR代表了2種白細(xì)胞亞型不同但互補(bǔ)的免疫途徑:中性粒細(xì)胞反映了系統(tǒng)炎癥反應(yīng)的惡化程度,中性粒細(xì)胞值越高預(yù)示著心肌細(xì)胞受損程度越大,心肌細(xì)胞損傷后左心室功能越差;而淋巴細(xì)胞降低則反映了機(jī)體應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的程度,淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)越低,說明其應(yīng)激程度越高,心肌的耗氧量越大,發(fā)生心功能不全可能性就越大。
總之,NLR是一個(gè)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的炎性指標(biāo),NLR與心血管疾病關(guān)系密切。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn) NLR是ACS患者近期左心室收縮功能不全的獨(dú)立預(yù)測因素。由于其具有簡單和普遍應(yīng)用性,故NLR可以作為ACS危險(xiǎn)分層的一個(gè)簡單、快捷的工具。
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(本文編輯:劉斯靜)
Correlation of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and left ventricular systolic function in patients with acute coronary syndromes
LIU Jian-feng1, WU Yi2, HAO Peng3, LUO Hong-yu4, Hua Qi4*
(1.Department of Inpatient, Beijing Likang Hospital, Beijing 102609, China; 2.Department of Cardiology,Beijing Boai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Centre, Bejing 100068, China; 3.Department of Emergency, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China;4. Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing 100058, China)
ObjectiveTo study the correlation of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) and the left ventricular systolic function in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS). MethodsA total of 438 cases with ACS were included in the study. The NLR was obtained before endovascular reperfusion therapy and medication treatment. All of the patients were examined by echocardiography within 72 hours after admission and obtained the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF). The study population was included into left ventricular systolic function group(LVEF<50%) and non-left ventricular systolic function(LVEF≥50%). Results①Compared with non-left ventricular systolic function group, the age, hsCRP, WBC count and NLR levels were obviously higher in the patients with left ventricular systolic function, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). AMI prevalence was higher and the ratio of reperfusion was low in left ventricular systolic function group than that in non-left ventricular systolic function group(P<0.05). ②Pearson correlation analysis showed that NLR and LVEF value had significant negative correlation in patients with ACS(r=-0.582,P<0.01). ③The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that NLR was an independent risk factor for the development of left ventricular systolic function in patients with ACS after adjusted for age, the hsCRP, AMI and PCI/CABG reperfusion therapy(OR=1.398, 95%CI=1.151-1.696,P=0.001). ConclusionNLR and LVEF was significantly negative correlation in patients with ACS. NLR can be used as independent risk factors for the development of left ventricular systolic function in patients with ACS.
acute coronary syndrome; stroke volume; ventricular dysfunction, left
2015-11-23;
2016-05-19
國家高科技發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)資助項(xiàng)目(2012AA02A516)
劉建峰(1978-),河北灤縣人,北京市利康醫(yī)院主治
。E-mail:huaqi5371@medmail.com.cn
R542.2
A
1007-3205(2016)09-0997-05
醫(yī)師,醫(yī)學(xué)碩士,從事心血管內(nèi)科疾病診治研究。