高速列車弓網(wǎng)關(guān)系研究

馬云雙 周寧 宦榮華 高強(qiáng) 高國(guó)強(qiáng)

摘 要：通過(guò)近期對(duì)高速情況下弓網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行深入研究，首先，對(duì)不同接觸網(wǎng)模型建模方法進(jìn)行了研究，并建立了4種接觸網(wǎng)波動(dòng)特性的研究模型，辨識(shí)了不同接觸網(wǎng)模型結(jié)構(gòu)差異造成的波動(dòng)特性變化，確定了該接觸網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的波動(dòng)特性，包括：波速、波長(zhǎng)及頻率等；辨識(shí)了高速氣流擾動(dòng)的特征，并通過(guò)對(duì)不同流固耦合仿真方法的研究，建立了弓網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)流固耦合聯(lián)合仿真方法。在此基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)列車通過(guò)隧道以及接觸網(wǎng)風(fēng)振響應(yīng)進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的分析；其次，在接觸網(wǎng)不平順?lè)矫?，?duì)受電弓底盤阻尼器和弓頭懸掛系統(tǒng)非線性進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試和建模，同時(shí)，進(jìn)一步細(xì)化了基于梁?jiǎn)卧慕佑|網(wǎng)參變量有限元模型，從而可實(shí)現(xiàn)弦單元、梁?jiǎn)卧⒘?弦混合模型的任意建模和數(shù)值仿真。針對(duì)接觸網(wǎng)的周期性特點(diǎn)，以精細(xì)積分方法為基礎(chǔ)，建立了周期子結(jié)構(gòu)精細(xì)積分方法；在電接觸特性方面，構(gòu)建了弓網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)接觸區(qū)域有限元模型，研究了弓網(wǎng)間隙的電場(chǎng)分布及其隨振動(dòng)間隙的變化規(guī)律，建立了弓網(wǎng)電磁力數(shù)值分析模型，研究了牽引電流、拉出值、振動(dòng)間隙對(duì)弓網(wǎng)間電磁作用力的影響規(guī)律，分析了正常和瞬態(tài)短路工況下的弓網(wǎng)電磁作用力數(shù)值范圍，設(shè)計(jì)了高壓大電流弓網(wǎng)電接觸試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)；最后，通過(guò)開(kāi)展弓網(wǎng)間電弧放電特性和接觸網(wǎng)波動(dòng)特性試驗(yàn)研究，對(duì)理論研究工作提供了數(shù)據(jù)支撐。結(jié)果表明：采用多跨實(shí)際接觸網(wǎng)模型對(duì)波動(dòng)特性研究較為合理，并通過(guò)弓網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)耦合仿真確定其接觸網(wǎng)的波速，進(jìn)而確定其頻率、波長(zhǎng)特性的方法是可行的；當(dāng)列車通過(guò)隧道時(shí)，由于隧道壁面的限制，使得受電弓的氣動(dòng)阻力和氣動(dòng)抬升力較明線上運(yùn)行增大，接觸線的動(dòng)態(tài)抬升位移也相對(duì)增加，弓網(wǎng)受流質(zhì)量相對(duì)變差；接觸網(wǎng)在脈動(dòng)風(fēng)作用下產(chǎn)生了較大的風(fēng)振位移和風(fēng)振應(yīng)力，有效控制風(fēng)荷載引起的接觸網(wǎng)位移和應(yīng)力對(duì)列車運(yùn)行安全性十分重要；導(dǎo)高不平順的閾值，可為接觸網(wǎng)的架設(shè)、維護(hù)提供參考；在弓網(wǎng)耦合系統(tǒng)仿真中，接觸網(wǎng)承力索采用弦單元離散，接觸線采用梁?jiǎn)卧x散，既可保證仿真結(jié)果的合理性，又能盡可能的保證計(jì)算效率；弓網(wǎng)電磁作用力受牽引電流影響較為顯著，正常工況下弓網(wǎng)電磁作用力較小，而短路工況下，弓網(wǎng)作用力迅速增大，對(duì)弓網(wǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性影響較為顯著；弓網(wǎng)間產(chǎn)生的電弧對(duì)碳滑板的磨損率、弓網(wǎng)間摩擦副的接觸表面溫升的影響較大，導(dǎo)致電流發(fā)生畸變，對(duì)電路中的電器設(shè)備造成不利影響。

關(guān)鍵詞：弓網(wǎng) 不平順 電接觸 振動(dòng)特性 波動(dòng)

Abstract：Pantograph and catenary system are comprehensively investigated at high speed. Firstly， different models of the catenary are established to determine the wave characteristics for this catenary. Then，the co-simulation method of fluid-structure coupled analysis for pantograph-catenary system is established. The trains passing through the tunnels and the wind-induced vibration of catenary are analyzed. Secondly， by experimental testing on the pantograph bottom damper and the pantograph head suspension system， the nonlinear characteristic curves and the corresponding mathematical models are obtained in the catenary irregularity research. Meanwhile， for numerical simulation of pantograph-catenary coupled system， the accuracy and efficiency are both satisfied if the string element is used for catenary messenger wire and the beam element is used for contact wire. In electrical content aspect， electrical field distribution and its relationship to vibration gap have been studied. Relationship among traction current， vibration gap， stagger and electromagnetic force has been studied. Finally， pantograph-catenary arc and catenary wave characteristics experiment has been conducted for supporting the theoretical research. It is demonstrated that investigating the wave characteristics of the catenary by using the actual catenary model with multiple spans is reasonable， and it is effective to determine the wave characteristics through the simulation of pantograph and catenary coupled system. Due to the effect of tunnel wall confinement， the aerodynamic drag， lift forces of pantograph and uplift displacements of the contact wire are increased. It is important to effectively control the displacements and stresses of catenary induced by the wind loads. On the other hand， catenary irregularity threshold provides reference for catenary installation and maintenance. For simulation of pantograph-catenary coupled system， the accuracy and efficiency are both satisfied if the string element is used for catenary messenger wire and the beam element is used for contact wire. Electromagnetic force is small in normal situation. But it will enlarge rapidly in short circuit and affects dynamic features of pantograph-catenary obviously. Pantograph- catenary arc has large influence on wear rate of carbon slipper and contact surface temperature rise， lead to current distortion of circuit for affecting the electrical equipment adversely.

Key Words：Pantograph-catenary；Irregularity；Electrical contact；Dynamic characteristic；Wave propagation

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