中考名詞易考點及易錯點清單

王標

考查點一：名詞的數(shù)

名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞：可數(shù)名詞有復數(shù)形式，其前面可以用不定冠詞、基數(shù)詞、many、some等直接修飾；不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式，不可以用基數(shù)詞及不定冠詞修飾，但可用much、some等詞修飾。

【典例1】（2015年廣安卷）-How many____can vou see in the picture？

-Two.

A.dog

B.child

C.sheeps

D.sheep

【答案精析】D。句意為：在這張照片里你能看到多少只羊？how many意為“多少”，修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式，故先排除A、B兩項；sheep的復數(shù)形式為sheep。故選D。

【易錯點分析】在名詞復數(shù)中，一些特殊的名詞復數(shù)形式沒有固定的規(guī)則，這些名詞的復數(shù)必須牢記。如：child→children；mouse→mce；sheep→sheep；hero→heroes；woman→women；tomato→tomatoes等。

【典例2】（2014年遵義卷）Mr.Li is always patient to glve me____on how to work out the problems.

A.an advice

B.many advice

C.some advice

【答案精析】C。advice是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復數(shù)形式，故排除A、B兩項。

【典例3】（2014年巴中卷）-Let's make a banana milk shake.What do we need？

-We need some____and two____.

A.bananas；cup of milk

B.bananas；cups of milk

C.bananas；milks

【答案精析】B。banana是可數(shù)名詞，some修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式，故第一個空填bananas；milk是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復數(shù)形式，故可排除C項。

【易錯點分析】不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量時，不能在名詞后直接加-s或-es，其結構可以用“數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”表示，當數(shù)量大于1時，結構中的可數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式。如：two pieces of paper“兩張紙”；three cups of tea“三杯茶”；five boxes of chalk“五盒粉筆”。

【典例4】（2014年安順卷）There are fifty_______in our school.They are all friendly to us.

A.woman teachers

B.women teacher

C.woman teacher

D.Women teachers

【答案精析】D。woman修飾復數(shù)名詞時，應用其復數(shù)形式women。故選D。

【易錯點分析】兩個名詞并列表示復數(shù)時，一般是后一個名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式。如：two apple trees“兩棵蘋果樹”。當man、woman與其他名詞連用，表示復數(shù)時，兩個名詞都要用復數(shù)形式。如：two men doctors“兩個男醫(yī)生”。

【典例5】（2015年安徽卷）Please accept our best w_______（祝愿）for your exams.

【答案精析】wishes。句意為：請接受我們?yōu)槟氵@次考試送上最美好的祝愿。根據句意可知，這里用名詞復數(shù)形式。

【易錯點分析】很多學生看到題目就直接填寫wish，造成不應該的失分。在對名詞的考查中，我們特別要注意名詞的考查點，即考查的是名詞的一般用法還是其特殊用法。所以做這類題目時，我們一定要仔細分析句子，看準著眼點，然后寫出正確的單詞。

【典例6】（2015年武威卷）The______（mon-key）are trained to do a lot of things like humans.

【答案精析】monkeys。句意為：這些猴子被訓練的像人一樣做很多事情。根據謂語動詞are可知，本句的主語應該是復數(shù)形式。故填monkeys。

考查點二：名詞所有格

名詞所有格分為三種，s所有格、of所有格以及雙重所有格。下面分別就其用法解析如下：

1.s形式所有格：此類所有格一般用于有生命的單數(shù)名詞（復數(shù)名詞用s），以及表示時間和距離的名詞。

【典例1】（2014年長沙卷）-Is the school-bag under the desk yours？

-No，it's my______.He left it there just now.

A.brother

B.brother's

C.brothers'

【答案精析】B。句意為：——桌子下的書包是你的嗎？——不，是我哥哥的，他剛才放在那里的。根據句意可知，應該用表示所屬關系用名詞所有格，根據上句可知只有一個書包，故空格處應該用單數(shù)名詞的所有格。選B。

【典例2】（2014年曲靖卷）Knowledge can help open up the____eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.

A.students'

B.student's

C.students

D.student'

【答案精析】A。句意為：知識能幫助學生看到外面的世界，使他們的生命有一個好的開端。根據句意可知，這里應該用名詞復數(shù)的所有格。故選A。

【典例3】（2014年鄂州卷）-It's convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhan by taking the newly-built green railway.

-Yes.It's said that_____is enough.

A. fifteen minutes drive

B. fifteen-minutes drive

C. fifteen mmute's drlve

D. fifteen mlnutes' drive

【答案精析】D。句意為：——從鄂州乘坐新建的綠色鐵路干線到武漢很方便?！堑摹f十五分鐘的旅程足夠了。根據句意可知，這里應該用名詞復數(shù)的所有格。故選D。

【典例4】（2015年涼山卷）-______fathers didn't come to the meeting.Why？

-Because they have gone to Beijing.

A.Jeffs and Amy's

B.Jeff and Amy

C.Jeff's and Amy

D.Jeff and Amy's

【答案精析】A。句意為：——杰夫和艾米的爸爸沒有來參加會議，為什么？——因為他們都已經去北京了。根據句中的fathers及答語中的they可知，這里表示“各自所有”，其所有格是在每一個名詞后面加s。故選A。

【易錯點分析】當表示兩個及以上的人共同所有時，一般在最后一個名詞后加s；表示兩個及以上的人各自所有時，要在每個名詞后加s。如：Mike and Tom's father is a teacher.邁克和湯姆的爸爸是一位老師。Mike's and Jack's shoes are all under the bed.邁克的鞋和杰克的鞋都在床底下。

2.of所有格：沒有生命的名詞表示所屬關系時，一般用of短語來表示所有格。

【典例5】（2013年新疆卷）-Look at that photo，what a happy family！

-Yes，it's a photo______my family.

A.at

B.for

C.of

D.in

【答案精析】C。句意為：——看那張照片，多么幸福的一個家庭??！——是的，它是我的家庭照。a photo of my family“我的家庭照”。of表示所屬關系。

3.雙重所有格：表示所屬物的名詞前有不定冠詞、數(shù)詞、非確定特指的限定詞（some、any、a few等）、物主代詞（my、your等）或指示限定詞（this、that、these、those）時，常用“of+所有格/名詞性物主代詞”的形式，即雙重所有格來表示關系。

【典例6】（2014年賀州卷）-Who's that girl over there？

-Julia，she is a student of____

A.my fathers'

B.my father

C.my fathers

D.my father's

【答案精析】D。句意為：——在那邊的那個女孩是誰？——朱莉。她是我爸爸的一個學生。根據句意可知這里是一個名詞的雙重所有格。故選D。

考查點三：名詞詞義辨析

名詞詞義辨析主要考查學生在不同的語言環(huán)境中，通過理解上下文來準確掌握一些近義詞的意義，然后做出正確的選擇的能力。近年來，這一考點成為考查名詞的主要形式之一，并且越來越受到各地命題人的青睞。

【典例1】（2015年濱州卷）-I think dragons are the____of China.Do you think so？

-I agree with you.

A.symbol

B.situation

C.promise

D.shape

【答案精析】A?？疾槊~詞義辨析。symbol“象征”；situation“形勢、狀況”；promise“承諾”；shape“形狀”。句意為：——我認為龍是中國的象征。你認為如此嗎？——我贊同你的看法。根據句意可知A項符合題意。

【典例2】（2015年山西卷）Every time I see the strawberries，the sweet____and beautiful color always make my mouth water.

A.voice

B.taste

C.shape

【答案精析】B?？疾槊~辨析。句意為：每次我見到草莓時，甜甜的味道和美麗的顏色總是讓我流口水。voice“聲音”；taste“味道”；shape“形式”。根據常識可知，應該是草莓的香甜讓“我”直流口水。

【典例3】（2015年安徽卷）-How can I get some_____about the 2016 0lympic Games？

-Why not search the Internet？

A.information

B.experience

C.practice

D.success

【答案精析】A。考查名詞辨析。句意為：——我如何才能得到一些關于2016年奧林匹克運動會的信息？——為什么不上網搜索呢？ information“信息”；experience“體驗”；practice“訓練”；success“成功”。應答者的建議就是“上網搜索信息”，由此推知，發(fā)話者問的是“如何獲得奧運會的信息”。故選A。

鞏固練習：

I.根據漢語提示或首字母提示以及句意寫出正確的單詞。

1.You'd better to keep your______（聲音）down when talking in public.

2.Mount Huang is a very beautiful place.A large number of____（參觀者）come here to enjoy themselves every year.

3.Could you please buy some latest m____（雜志）for me？

4.He was hurt in the traffic accident，but luckily，he was sent to the____（醫(yī)院）in time.

5.The girl went out alone last night.Her mother worried about her____（安全）.

6.You should not eat so much d____.It's bad for your teeth.

7.Google is afamous w____and can be used to search for information.

8.As to us middle school students，watching too much TV is a w____of time.

9.Don't throw r_____everywhere，or our en-vironment will be even dirtier.

10.Western people usually use a knife and f_____to eat their food.

Ⅱ.從 A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填人空白處的最佳t選項 。

1.-1 have got a_____that other workers don't like me.

-It's not what you think.They are just too busy to talk with you.

A.journey

B.letter

C.decision

D.feeling

2.-Why can't people who are drunk drive cars or buses？

-Because they can increase the_____of traffic accidents.

A.experience

B.risk

C.solution

D.moment

3.-I hear Laura has got a well-paid job in a big company.

-Yes.Her good_____background helps her a lot.She once studied in Oxford University.

A.family

B.education

C.thought

D.life

4.-I hear Ted got hurt badly in the car ac-cident yesterday.

-It was true.His careless driving was the______of the accident.

A.mistake

B.cause

C.excuse

D.answer

5.-Who's that woman？

-Oh，she's_____teacher.

A. Tina and Tony

B. Tina's and Tony's

C. Tina's and Tony

D. Tina and Tony's

6.-What's the matter，Mike？

-I'm so hungry.Please give me______toeat.

A.three bread

B.three pieces of bread

C.three pieces of breads

D.three piece of bread

7.Our hospital needs two____doctors，Mrs.Li.You can ask your son to have a try.

A.women

B.man

C.men

D.woman

8.-We have no_____in the fridge.Let's go and buy some apples，shall we？

-OK.

A.vegetables

B.meat

C.drink

D.fruit

9.-Li Ming，why are you so happy？

-My mother has made a_____that she will take me to Hainan next week.

A.mistake

B.success

C.face

D.promise

10.-Can you get a piano for me，dear？

-But there isn't enough_____for it in our house.

A.place

B.floor

C.room

D.ground

11.-Mr.Li was sent to teach Chinese in an American high school last year.

-Yes，I know.He told me he would never forget his pleasant_____while working there.

A.experiments

B.expressions

C.experiences

D.explorations

12.Tomorrow is_____.The students want to buy some flowers for their teachers.

A.Teacher Day

B.Teacher's Day

C.Teachers' Day

D.the Teachers Day

13.-I'm thirsty.May I have something to drink？

-OK.Here's some_____.

A.bread

B.rice

C.water

D.hamburger

14.-What is your favorite food？

-I like___best.I had a large bowl last night.

A. potato rioodle

B. potatoes noodles

C. potato noodles

D. potatoes noodle

15.-Why didn't Sally play the violin at the concert last night？

-She said that her hand hurt，but that was only a（n）_____.I saw her play tennis just now.

A.matter

B.excuse

C.result

D.expression

16.-I feel very thirsty and hungry after a long walk.

-Would you like some_____and_____？

A.apple.juice；sandwich

B.apples juice；sandwiches

C.apple juice；sandwiches

D.apple juices；sandwiches

17.-What's the_____of your town？

-About two thousand.

A.situation

B.competition

C.collection

D.population

18.-When I speak English，I always make

-Don't be afraid of that.That's how we learn.

A.trouble

B.mistakes

C.duty

D.sentences

19.-I'd like to travel to Beijing this sum-mer vacation.Could you give me some_____？

-Sure.

A.message

B.advice

C.suggestion

D.idea

20.-Can I help you？

-I'd like_______for my twin daughters.

A.two pair shoes

B.two pairs of shoe

C.two pair of shoe

D.two pairs of shoes

21.We have bought two_____for the com-ing party.

A.box of apple

B.boxes of apples

C.box of apples

D.boxes of apple

22.-Do you like listening to"The Moon-light Sonata"？

-Yes.Listening to______is my favorite.

A.news

B.stories

C.reports

D.music

23.-Is that a______？

-Yes.There are kinds of beautiful shoes in it.Let's go and have a look.

A.fruit shop

B.clothes store

C.shoe store

D.book shop

24.This is_____room.The twin sisters like it very much.

A.Lucy's and Lily's

B.Lucy's and Lily

C.Lucy and Lily's

D.Lucy and Lily

25.-I plan to go out for a trip，but I'm afraid I don't know the_____.

-A map is helpful，I think.

A.price

B.stop

C.way

D.time

Key：

Ⅰ.1.voice 2.visitors 3.magazines 4.hos-pital 5.safety 6.dessert 7.website 8.waste9.rubbish 10.fork

Ⅱ.1-5 DBBBD

6-10 BCDDC

11-15 CCCCB

16-20 CDBBD

21-25 BDCCC