劉波++唐廣瓊
形容詞、副詞是中考??伎键c(diǎn),考查范圍廣泛,學(xué)生容易混淆詞性,不知如何運(yùn)用;同時(shí)在日常的口語交際及寫作中,也經(jīng)常會(huì)用到形容詞和副詞,使語言更具體,更生動(dòng)。由于其運(yùn)用廣泛,功能性強(qiáng),故我們需要從源頭人手,循序漸進(jìn),掌握規(guī)律,用心歸納,真正理解并學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用。
一、研讀例題,初步感知
請完成下列典型例題,并試著總結(jié)中考英語形容詞與副詞??嫉目键c(diǎn)。
①(2015年安徽卷)It is p_______(禮貌的)to offer seats to the old on the bus.
②(2014年綏化卷)The cakes taste____,and they sell_____.I will buy some.
A.good;well
B.well;well
C.well;good
③(2014年東營卷)Overseas experience may help make our life______(good).So why not try to study abroad?
④(2014年黃石卷)Its not so____as yesterday.So there are____people walking in Tuan Chengshan park today.
A.cold; fewer
B.warm; more
C.cold; more
D.warm; most
⑤(2014年益陽卷)-As a student,we should study hard.
-Yes,____we study,____results well get.
A.the hard;the good
B.the harder;the best
C.the harder;the better
⑥(2015年汕尾卷)Shu-how Lin is now one of______basketball players in NBA.
A.popular
B.less popular
C.more popular
D.the most popular
⑦(2014年衡陽卷)There are many beautiful flowers in the world,but in parents' eyes,their children are the____of all.
A.as beautiful as
B.more beautiful
C.most beautiful
⑧(2015年福州卷)It rained so____that many streets were covered with water.(heavy)
⑨(2015年連云港卷)Lucy had a traffic accident on her way home,______(幸運(yùn)地)she was not hurt,just got scared.
⑩(2014年宿遷卷)Sandy can sing as_____(good)as Wendy.
完成上面的自測題,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)中考真題中形容詞和副詞的考點(diǎn)一般為:形容詞和副詞的基本用法、比較級和最高級,以及與時(shí)間相關(guān)的副詞、頻度副詞、程度副詞和方式副詞等。另外,形容詞與副詞的詞義辨析也是考查的重點(diǎn)。下面就讓我們一起去尋找破解形容詞及副詞??伎键c(diǎn)的解題方法吧。
二、形容詞的用法
1.形容詞做表語
形容詞常用在be動(dòng)詞和連系動(dòng)詞(be-come、get、sound、look、taste、turn、remam、stay、go等)后面做表語。例題①、②中所缺內(nèi)容分別位于be動(dòng)詞和連系動(dòng)詞taste后做表語,所以其詞性應(yīng)為形容詞。尤其是例題②,學(xué)生容易誤認(rèn)為taste“品嘗”是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,所以其后應(yīng)跟副詞,所以誤選答案B,而正確答案是A。所以在備考過程中,我們應(yīng)對一些具有雙重意義的詞(即既是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,又是連系動(dòng)詞)熟記于心。
真題鏈接:
(1)(2014年濟(jì)寧卷)-Have you heard the song Stay Here Forever?
-Yes,it sounds____
A.well
B.loudly
C.sweet
D.beautifully
(2)(2014年泰安卷)-ls your headache getting____?
-No,it's worse.
A.better
B.bad
C.less
D.well
解析:
以上兩個(gè)小題均考查了形容詞做表語的用法。
(1)由于受“副詞修飾動(dòng)詞”這一用法的影響,學(xué)生容易誤選D。而在此題中sound用作連系動(dòng)詞,后接形容詞做表語,所以應(yīng)選C。句意為:這首歌聽起來很甜美。
(2)get在此題中表示“變化”,用作連系動(dòng)詞,而且通過后面的worse一詞我們可以看出,此處應(yīng)該用形容詞的比較級,所以答案為A。
2.形容詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語
有些動(dòng)詞后面可接名詞或代詞做賓語,再接形容詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語,用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的狀態(tài)、特征等。在例題③中后半句“so why not try to study abroad?”說明,海外經(jīng)歷可以使我們的生活更好,所以答案應(yīng)為形容詞good的比較級better。
真題鏈接:
(1)(2014年白銀卷)Some of the tired stu-dents keep their eyes____in breaks.
A.opened
B.close
C.closed
D.open
(2) (2015年自貢卷)-Tom,don't throw the rubbish on the floor.We should keep the classroom____.
-Oh,sorry,Miss Wang.
A.clean
B.quiet
C.dirty
解析:
(1)這是一個(gè)綜合性特別強(qiáng)的題。此題中所缺內(nèi)容在句中做賓語補(bǔ)足語,根據(jù)句意“一些疲倦的學(xué)生在課間休息時(shí)間閉上眼睛(休息)”可以排除A、D兩項(xiàng)。close意為“近的、關(guān)系親密的”,closed意為“關(guān)閉的”,故此題的答案為C。此外,當(dāng)closed作“關(guān)閉的”講時(shí),其反義詞為open而非opened,希望引起大家的注意。
(2)空格處在句中做賓語補(bǔ)足語,因此答案為A。
3.形容詞的同級比較
形容詞的比較級是中考的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,其比較等級有三個(gè):同級、比較級和最高級。同級比較中常見的結(jié)構(gòu)為“as…as…”,其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為“not as/so…as…”。例題④中,根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn),可將題目意思理解為“今天沒有昨天暖和,所以公園里散步的人比昨天更少”,或者“今天沒有昨天冷,所以公園里散步的人比昨天更多”,仔細(xì)觀察選項(xiàng)可將第一種解釋排除,故應(yīng)理解為第二種含義。前一句為同級比較,應(yīng)該用as cold as“和……一樣冷”;后一句為差級比較,應(yīng)該用many的比較級more。所以C項(xiàng)為正確答案。
真題鏈接:
(1)(2014年畢節(jié)卷)Jeff is making faces.He looks as____(滑稽可笑的)as Mr.Beans.
(2)(2015年泰安卷)-How are you get-ting along with your English study?
-Much better.I don't feel it was as____as before.
A.interesting
B.much
C.difficult
D.easy
解析:
(1)此題考查了“as+形容詞原級+as”的用法,應(yīng)填funny。
(2)此題和上題考點(diǎn)一致,答案為C。
4.形容詞的差級比較
中考試題中對差級比較的考查頻率較高,但是只要我們掌握了差級比較的判別方法及基本結(jié)構(gòu),答題就變得容易多了。差級比較通常有標(biāo)志詞than的出現(xiàn),或者題目中有兩方面的比較暗示。教材中仔細(xì)講述了差級比較的結(jié)構(gòu),對此我們不再一一贅述。
真題鏈接:
(1)(2015年重慶A卷)He has____arms now and is able to pick the table up with one hand.
A.weakest
B.weaker
C. strongest
D.stronger
(2)(2014年蘭州卷)The weather is becom-mg____.
A.hotter and hotter
B.more hot and hot
C.hoter and hoter
D.more and more hot
(3)(2014年宜昌卷)-Are you worried about the coming exam?
-No,I think the more____you are,____mistakes you'll make.
A.careful;the less
B.carefully;the fewer
C.carefully;the least
D.careful;the fewer
解析:
(1)句意為:他現(xiàn)在的臂力比以前更強(qiáng)了,現(xiàn)在可以用一只手抬起桌子。所以可以判斷此處應(yīng)為比較級。答案為D。
(2)“比較級+and+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“越來越……”;如果形容詞是雙(多)音節(jié)詞時(shí),該結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該變?yōu)椤癿ore and more+形容詞”。此處hot為單音節(jié)詞,但同時(shí)又是閉音節(jié),詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,所以必須先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再進(jìn)行變化。答案為A。
(3)“the+比較級……the+比較級……”結(jié)構(gòu),意為“越……就越……”。前半句中所缺內(nèi)容為are后面的表語,因此應(yīng)填形容詞;后半句中mistakes為可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)題意應(yīng)為few的比較級。所以答案為D。
5.形容詞的最高級
形容詞的最高級有許多標(biāo)志詞,如“one of…”“in/of+范圍”等,我們應(yīng)重點(diǎn)理解其比較范圍,特別是要在具體情境中進(jìn)行比較。由于很多信息是隱藏的,這就需要我們仔細(xì)琢磨。
真題鏈接:
(1)(2015年益陽卷)Li Na is one of____tennis players in the world.
A.most famous
B. the most famous
C. more famous
(2) (2014年滁州卷)-It's one of the_____things in the world to stay with friends.
-I agree with you.It always makes us com-fortable.
A.happiest
B.worst
C.busiest
D.hardest
(3)(2014年煙臺(tái)卷)Does Gold Theatre have_____(comfortable)seats of the five in your city?
(4)(2015年揚(yáng)州卷)-How do you like the piece of music Water by Tan Dun?
-Wonderfull It's the____one I've ever listened to.
A.better
B.best
C.worse
D.bad
(5)(2014年聊城卷)I think Spiderman is____cartoon I've ever seen.
A.interesting
B.more interesting
C.most interesting
D.the most interesting
解析:
(1)答案為B。考查“one of+形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2)答案為A。句意為:和朋友在一起是世界上最快樂的事情之一。
(3)答案為the most comfortable。比較范圍是the five in your city,故用最高級。
(4)句意為:這是我曾經(jīng)聽過的最好聽的音樂。故用最高級the best one。答案為B。
(5)該題比較范圍看起來不太明顯,仔細(xì)分析題目意思“在我所看過的動(dòng)畫片中,《蜘蛛俠》是最有趣的”可知,答案為D。
6.-ed形容詞和-lng形容詞的區(qū)別
-ed形容詞表示人的感受,-ing形容詞表示物的性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。初中英語課本中出現(xiàn)過的類似詞語有:interested/interesting(感興趣的/有趣的);excited/exciting(感到興奮的/令人興奮的);surprised/surprising(感到驚奇的/使人驚奇的);bored/boring(感到厭煩的/令人厭煩的)。
真題鏈接:
(2014年泰州卷)-What____news!The Chinese Women's Badminton Team won the Uber Cup again.
-Really?That's great.
A.interesting
B.interested
C.exciting
D.excited
解析:
首先根據(jù)題意,獲得Uber Cup這一獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是一個(gè)“令人興奮的”消息,所以排除A、B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。此題還考查了exciting與ex-cited的區(qū)別。excited意為“興奮的”,一般修飾人;而exciting意為“令人感到興奮的”,一般修飾物。故正確答案為C。
7.形容詞的其他用法
真題鏈接:
(1) (2014年無錫卷)Nanjing isn't so large_____Shanghai,however,it's the second____city in East China.
A.like;largest
B.as;largest
C.like;large
D.as;large
(2)(2014年涼山卷)I have____to tell you.Maybe you will be____in it.
A.interesting something;interested
B.something interesting;interesting
C.something interesting;interested
解析:
(1)前半句考查的是固定結(jié)構(gòu)“not so…as…”;后半句考查的是“the+序數(shù)詞+最高級+單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),后半句的意思是“南京是中國東部第二大的城市”,故答案選B。
(2)形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí),應(yīng)該放在不定代詞的后面;后半句為固定搭配be inter-ested in“對……感興趣”。C項(xiàng)為正確答案。
三、副詞的用法
1.副詞修飾動(dòng)詞
真題鏈接:
(1)(2015年德州卷)We will have to set off____to avoid the heavy traffic tomorrow morning.
A.early
B.quietly
C.slowly
D.politely
(2)(2015年威武卷)-How is your old friend Katie?
-Oh,she's moved to another city.So I've____ever seen her since then.
A.clearly
B.simply
C.nearly
D.hardly
解析:
(1) set off為動(dòng)詞詞組,故用副詞來修飾。句意為:明天早上我們必須早點(diǎn)出發(fā),以避開交通高峰期。正確答案為A。
(2)句意為:——你的朋友凱蒂過得怎么樣?——自她搬到另一個(gè)城市,我?guī)缀鯖]有見過她。這里hardly是頻度副詞,用來說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率。正確答案為D。
2.副詞修飾句子
真題鏈接:
(1)(2014年德州卷)The basketball match was really fantastic,____when Shu-How Lin scored in the last second.
A.probably
B.especially
C.exactly
D.mostly
(2)(2015年溫州卷)I fell off the bike on my way to school._____,I wasn't hurt.
A.Luckily
B.Suddenlv
C.Politely
D.Recently
解析:
(1)句意為:這場籃球賽非常精彩,尤其是當(dāng)林書豪在最后一秒進(jìn)球時(shí)。用especially修飾后面的時(shí)間狀語從句,故選B項(xiàng)。
(2)句意為:我在上學(xué)的路上從自行車上摔了下來。幸運(yùn)地是,我沒有受傷。A項(xiàng)為正確答案。
3.副詞的同級比較
真題鏈接:
(1)(2015年南充卷)Some Chinese singers sing English songs just as____as native speak-ers do.
A.good
B.better
C.well
(2)(2014年鹽城卷)As time goes,grand-ma can't see as____(清楚)as she used to.
解析:
(1)此題考查了“as+副詞+as”結(jié)構(gòu)。空格處的內(nèi)容修飾動(dòng)詞sing,故應(yīng)該用副詞,答案為C。
(2)此題考查了和上一題同樣的結(jié)構(gòu),答案為clearly。
4.副詞的比較級
真題鏈接:
(1)(2015年成都卷)-Lin Dan won the badminton game again.
-Yes.I think no one can do____thanhim.
A.well
B.better
C.best
(2)(2014年青島卷)In the piano contest,my brother didn't play well and I did_____.
A.very well
B.much better
C.very good
D.even worse
(3)(2014年溫州卷)After practicing forseveral months,I can swlm much____now.
A.slower
B.slowest
C.faster
D.fastest
解析:
(1)根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞than可以看出此處應(yīng)該用比較級;再根據(jù)句意“林丹又贏得了羽毛球比賽”可推知,我認(rèn)為“沒有人能比他打得更好”。故答案為B。
(2)根據(jù)并列連詞and前面的didn't play well可知,后面的內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)是“(我)彈得更不好”。所以D項(xiàng)為正確答案。
(3)根據(jù)題意“經(jīng)過一個(gè)月的訓(xùn)練,我現(xiàn)在游泳更快了”可知,C項(xiàng)為正確答案。第(2)題與第(3)題都考查了even和much修飾副詞比較級的用法。
5.副詞的最高級
真題鏈接:
(2015年廣州卷)Emma looked after her pet dog_____of all her friends.
A.careful
B.most careful
C.more carefully
D.the most carefully
解析:
分析題意可知,Emma是所有朋友中照顧寵物狗最細(xì)心的人。句中所缺成分用于修飾動(dòng)詞短語looked after,所以應(yīng)該用副詞的最高級形式,正確答案為D項(xiàng)。
四、形容詞與副詞易混淆的知識(shí)點(diǎn)
英語中有一些形似副詞的形容詞(如lonely、friendly、lively、lovely、silly等)看起來像是以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞,其實(shí)其詞性為形容詞。
通??梢酝ㄟ^在形容詞后加上后綴-ly構(gòu)成副詞。但也有許多特殊情況:有些詞既可以做形容詞,又可以做副詞,如fast、pretty.well、deep、high、hard等;有些形容詞加上-ly之后和原來的形容詞意思相近,但也有一些意思相差很遠(yuǎn);有一些形容詞本身可以充當(dāng)副詞,還可以再加上后綴-ly構(gòu)成派生副詞。對于這些特殊情況,我們應(yīng)注意避免混淆。
真題鏈接:
(1)(2014年柳州卷)The girl can run veryfast.(同義詞替換)
A.quickly
B.slowly
C.quietly
(2)(2015年重慶B卷)I could____hear what you said just now.Could you please say that again?
A.sometimes
B.always
C.hardly
D.clearly
(3) After his wife died,the old man lived inthe town____,but he didn't feel____
A.lonely;lonely
B,lonely;alone
C.alone;lonely
D.alone;alone
解析:
(1) fast修飾run,詞性為副詞,意為“快、迅速”。所以A項(xiàng)為正確答案。
(2)根據(jù)題意“我?guī)缀趼牪坏侥銊偛耪f的話”可知,答案為C。注意hard與hardly意思相差較大:hard做形容詞,意為“硬的、困難的、有力的、努力的”,也可做副詞,意為“努力地、猛力地、嚴(yán)重地、沉重地”;但hardly只做副詞,意為“幾乎不”。
(3)考查詞義辨析。alone意為“獨(dú)自的”,側(cè)重說明獨(dú)自一人,沒有感情色彩,只表示客觀的狀態(tài);lonely意為“寂寞的”,表示主觀上感到孤獨(dú)、寂寞。根據(jù)句意“老人在妻子去世之后獨(dú)自一人住在鎮(zhèn)里,但是他并不覺得寂寞”可知,正確答案為C。
五、小結(jié)
形容詞及副詞在中考英語中的考查較為廣泛,同學(xué)們應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)靈活運(yùn)用這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)。只要在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中注意理解并掌握形容詞與副詞的用法區(qū)別,牢記形容詞及副詞的同級比較、差級比較及其結(jié)構(gòu),留意一些容易混淆的知識(shí)點(diǎn),多練習(xí)、多總結(jié)、多反思,就可以牢固掌握其用法。
【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】
一、根據(jù)句意和所給漢語提示,完成句子。每空一詞。
1.(2015年南充卷)We should be____(小心)when we do our homework.
2.(2015年南充卷)Asking for help____(禮貌地)is very important.
3.(2015年宜賓卷)Tony likes sports,____(尤其是)football.
4.(2015年宜賓卷)After some exerclse,she looks much____(瘦的)than before.
二、根據(jù)句意用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。每空一詞。
5.(2015年廣州卷)Now more and more for-eigners are_____in Chinese culture.(interest)
6.(2015年廣州卷)What a____movie it was!I almost fell asleep.(bored)
7.(2015年涼山卷)You'd better not go out because it is raining_____.(heavy)
8.(2015年南京卷)We think Samuel is the most suitable person to be our monitor because he does everything very______.(careful)
9.(2015年南京卷)But I believe that April is the_____month of the year in Chiang Mai.(hot)
10.(2015年武威卷)Don't be nervous.Try your best and you'll pass the exam______.(easy)
三、從所給選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填人相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
11.(2014年百色卷)Those toys for chil-dren look_____and sell_____.
A.good;lovely
B.lovely;good
C.well;lovely
D.lovely;well
12.(2015年南充卷)Boy thinks he works as____as his friend,Dan.
A.hardly
B.harder
C.hard
D.more hardly
13.(2015年河南卷)-What a clear blue sky it isl
-Yes.I have never seen____sky.
A.a more beautiful
B.a most beautiful
C.the more beautiful
D.the most beautiful
14.(2014年陜西卷) When he heard a cry for help,he ran out as____as he could.
A.hardly
B.quickly
C.finally
D.slowly
15.(2015年菏澤卷)Mom,the soup is not_____enough.A little more sugar,please.
A.sour
B.salty
C.sweet
16.(2015年德州卷)If overweight people eat less and take more exercise,they'll soon feel much______.
A.fatter
B.older
C.bigger
D.healthier
17.(2015年安徽卷)Now people have more free time.Square dancing is becoming more and more_____.
A.comfortable
B.difficult
C.different
D.popular
18.(2015年廣安卷)-Who does homework_____,Tom,Jack or Bill?
-Bill.
A.more carefully
B.more careful
C.most carefully
D.most careful
19.(2015年涼山卷)-The fish tastes_____.We have eaten it up.
-lt is certain that she cooked it_____.
A.good;well
B.well;good
C.well;well
D.good;good
20.(2011年江津卷)I think these cards are____than those cards.
A.nice
B.nicer
C.nicest
D.the nicest
21.(2015年龍巖卷)-How are you feeling now?
-I'm feeling much____than before.Take me to the hospital,please.
A.bad
B.worse
C.worst
22.(2015年河北卷)Mom,I'm very____for all your love.
A.thankful
B.careful
C.useful
D.helpful
23.(2015年三亞卷)-Why do people there_____use umbrella in the sun?
-Because they would rather enjoy the sun-shine.
A.often
B.always
C.hardly
D.almost
24.(2014年臨沂卷)Stay away from junk food,please.It's bad for us,____for children!
A.recently
B.especially
C.probably
D.nearly
25.(2015年重慶B卷)Ma Yun,head of Alibaba,is one of____persons in the world.
A.rich
B.richest
C.richer
D.the richest
Key:
一、1.careful 2.politely 3.especially 4.thin-ner
二、5.interested 6.boring 7.heavily 8.care-fully 9.hottest 10. easily
三、11~15 DCABC
16-20 DDCAB
21~25 BACBD