代詞用法多 小詞要大做

胡瑞明

代詞在歷年中考試題中的出現(xiàn)頻率很高，是典型的“小詞要大做”。中考代詞常見的考點分布在對人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞和反身代詞等知識點的考查上，對不定代詞的考查更是重中之重。下面試以近幾年中考真題為例，對代詞的考查熱點進行分析歸納，以供同學們復習參考。

一、對人稱代詞主格與賓格的考查

【考點小結】

英語中的人稱代詞既有不同的人稱，還有主格、賓格以及單復數(shù)形式的變化。一般來說，人稱代詞在句中做主語時要用主格，做賓語時用賓格。詳見下表：

【中考題例】

1.（2015年龍巖卷）These are____coats.Can you look after____for me？

A.my；them

B.I；they

C.me；them

2.（2015年涼州卷）-ls the man who issinging your teacher？

-Yes，he teaches____physics.

A.we

B.our

C.ours

D.us

3.（2015年重慶卷）My mother used to make breakfast for____every morning，but now I do it myself.

A.mine

B.my

C.I

D.me

4.（2015年泰州卷）Mr.Wu teaches____English.We all like____.

A.our；him

B.us；him

C.us；her

D.our；her

5.（2014年重慶A卷）Aunt Tina will visit us soon.____is arriving tomorrow mormng.

A.He

B.She

C.His

D.Her

6.（2014年麗水卷）-Susan，can you help clean the window？

-Why____？Alice is sitting there doing nothing.

A.him

B.her

C.you

D.me

Key：1.A 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.D

二、對物主代詞的考查

【考點小結】

物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞相當于形容詞，一般放在名詞前做定語，可與形容詞own連用表示強調(diào)；名詞性物主代詞相當于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”，在句中用作主語、賓語或表語，并可與of連用，構成雙重所有格，但不能用作定語。物主代詞的分類、人稱和數(shù)的變化見下表：

注意：一些固定結構中常用定冠詞，不用物主代詞。例如：take sb.by the arm“抓住某人的胳膊”；pat sb.on the shoulder“拍某人的肩膀”。

【中考題例】

1.（2015年福州卷）-Jane，is this your um-brella？

-No，it's not____.I didn't take one this morning.

A.me

B.my

C.mine

2.（2015年資陽卷）-Sally，may I use your iPad？____is broken.

-OK，here you are.

A.Your

B.Yours

C.Mine

D.My

3.（2015年濰坊卷）Lucy's strawberries are fresher than____.

A.I

B.me

C.my

D.mine

4.（2015年自貢卷）-Bill，is that your sis-ter's pet dog？

-No，____is white.

A.She

B.Her

C.Hers

5.（2015年廣安卷）-I can't find my ruler.MayI use____？

-Of course.Here you are.

A.you

B.your

C.yours

D.yourself

6.（2015年南充卷）-What's____name？

-____is Eric.

A.his；He

B.his；His

C.he；His

D.he；He

7.（2015年邵陽卷）-Is this your school-bag？

-No， it isn't.____is in my desk.

A.My

B.Mine

C.Me

8.（2014年臺州卷）-Hi，Tom.Is that your bag？

-No，it is Mary's.And the sweater near the bag is____，too.

A.mine

B.yours

C.hers

D.his

9.（2013年黃岡卷）-ls this____football，boys？

-No， it is not____.

A.yours；ours

B.your；our

C.yours； our

D.your；ours

10.（2015年河北卷）My brother likes paint-ing.It's one of____hobbies.

A.my

B.her

C.his

D.your

Key：1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.C

三、對反身代詞的考查

【考點小結】

反身代詞是表示“我（們）自己”“你（們）自己”“它（們）自己”“他（們）自己”等的代詞，反身代詞必須要與被指代人在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。反身代詞可用作賓語、表語或同位語。反身代詞有單復數(shù)和人稱的變化，詳見下表：

常見的反身代詞構成的固定搭配：

enjoy oneself“玩得開心”：introduce oneself“自我介紹”；behave oneself“規(guī)矩點”；make one-self at home“讓某人像在自己家里一樣”；ex-press oneself“表達某人自己的意思”；help one-self to sth.“隨便吃/用/拿”；come to oneself“蘇醒過來”；teach oneself“自學”；leave sb.by oneself“將某人單獨留下”；look after oneself“照顧自己”；learn…by oneself/teach oneself“自學”；dress oneself“自己穿衣”；for oneself“為自己、親自”；of oneself“自動地”；by oneself“獨自地，靠自己”。

【中考題例】

1.（2015年連云港卷）-I'm afraid l won't pass the exam.

-Come on，Bill.You should believe in____.That's the secret of success.

A.myself

B.ourselves

C. yourself

D.yourselves

2.（2014年陜西卷）Don't worry.We're old enough to look after____.

A.myself

B.me

C.ourselves

D.us

3.（2013年濟寧卷）Don't worry about me.I can take good care of____.

A.me

B.myself

C.him

D.himself

4.（2013年廣州卷）The man called his pro-fessor for help because he couldn't solve the prob-lem by____.

A.herself

B.himself

C. yourself

D.themselves

5.（2013年陜西卷）It's very important for us to learn how to learn by____.

A.ourselves

B.itself

C.myself

D.themselves

Key：1.C 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A

四、對替代詞it/ they/ them/ one/ ones/the one/the ones/that/those的用法考查

【考點小結】

it特指前文提到過的同一事物，可指代不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。they和them為其復數(shù)形式。it還可指代時間、距離、金錢、自然現(xiàn)象等。

one相當于“a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”，表示泛指同類人或物中的某一個。ones為其復數(shù)形式，所替代的是同名異物，表示泛指。the one代替前面出現(xiàn)過的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示特指，相當于“the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”。the ones為其復數(shù)形式。

that特指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，其后通常有限定詞修飾。當名詞為可數(shù)名詞時，可以和the one互換。復數(shù)形式為those。此外，在打電話時，通常用this指代自己，用that指代對方。

those相當于the ones，特指前面出現(xiàn)過的復數(shù)名詞，相當于“the+復數(shù)名詞”。

【中考題例】

1.（2015年宜賓卷）There are enough cups for each visitor to have____

A.one

B.it

C.this

D.that

2.（2014年連云港卷）-This book on idioms is interesting.I'd like____.Where did you buy it.Simon？

-ln the American Bookstore.

A.it

B.this

D.one

3.（2014年廣東卷）-Hello，Linda speak-ing.Who's____？

-Hello，this is Martin.

A.he

B.one

C.that

D.this

4.（2013年鞍山卷）-What kind of house would you like？

-I'd like____with a garden in front of____.

A.it；one

B.one；one

C.one；it

D.it；it

5.（2014年烏魯木齊卷）Your new back-pack is so nice.1 want to buy____，too.

A.one

B.it

C.that

D.this

6.（2014年河北卷）Do you have toys？I'd like to buy____for my cousin.

A.it

B.one

C.this

D.that

7.（2015年南京卷）Everyone makes mis-takes in his or her life.The important thing is not to repeat____.

A.it

B.them

C.him

D.her

8.（2015年菏澤卷）When we got to the park yesterday，____started raining.

A.that

B.it

C.this

Key：1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.B

五、對all/both/either/neither/none等不定代詞的考查

【考點小結】

all表示“三者或三者以上都”；both表示“兩者都”；none與all相反，表示“三者或三者以上都不”；neither與both相反，表示“兩者都不”。either表示“（兩者之中）任何一個”，可以與of連用。none表示全部否定，而all/both與not連用時通常表示部分否定。

【中考題例】

1.（2015年福州卷）-What would you like，tea or coffee？

-____，thanks.I just prefer a glass of water.

A.Both

B.Neither

C.Either

2.（2015年泰安卷）My hometown is becom-mg more and more beautiful with trees and flow-ers on____sides of the road.

A.all

B.both

C.neither

D.either

3.（2015年重慶A卷）Jiefangbei is not far from Chaotianmen.You can easily visit____in a day.

A.each

B.none

C.both

D.neither

4.（2015年杭州卷）Unfortunately I was sit-ting at the table with smokers on____side of me.

A.either

B.both

C.other

D.all

5.（2015年溫州卷）-Mom，what would you like，coff'ee or tea？

—____.Just water，please.

A.Either

B.Both

C.Neither

D.None

6.（2014年重慶A卷）Sam and Henry play football very well.We hope____of them can join our team.

A.all

B.both

C.every

D.same

7.（2014年揚州卷）-Which of the two T-shirts would you like？

-____.I don't like the styles.

A.Either

B.Both

C.None

D.Neither

8.（2013年陜西卷）-Which of the two sub-jects do you like，art or music？

-____.They are really interesting.

A.Neither

B.Both

C.None

D.All

9.（2012年北京卷）There were only twopaintings for sale and he bought____

A.all

B.any

C.both

D.some

10.（2014年蘇州卷）-Could you come this Saturday afternoon or this Sunday morning？

-____is OK.I'm free this weekend.

A.All

B.Both

C.None

D.Either

Key：1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.D

六、對another/other/the other/others/the others等不定代詞的考查

【考點小結】

other表示“其他的、另外的”，只與復數(shù)名詞連用，有時可與some連用，構成“some other+名詞”結構；the other可單獨使用，表示“兩者中的另一個”，用于特指；another表示“（三者及以上中的）任意的另一個”；“another+名詞單數(shù)”結構指“（三者及以上中的）另外一個”，用于泛指；others意為“其他的”，用于泛指；“other+復數(shù)名詞”結構相當于others；others和some可構成搭配“some…others…”；the others表示“其余所有的人或物”，用于特指。

【中考題例】

1.（2015年濱州卷）-I still want to drink something.May I have____cup of juice？

-Certainly.Here you are.

A.other

B.more

C.another

D.else

2.（2015年安徽卷）We can't do it that way-but whether it will work is____matter.

A.other

B.another

C.each

D.every

3.（2014年福州卷）-Shall we meet at 8 o'clock next Sunday morning？

-I won't be free then.Let's make it____day.

A.other

B.another

C.the other

4.（2014年青海卷）-Do you keep a pet？

-Yes.I have two dogs，one is white.____is black.

A.other

B.the other

C.another

Key：1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B

注意：“形容詞或副詞的比較級+than+any other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”“形容詞或副詞的比較級+than+any of the other+復數(shù)名詞”“形容詞或副詞的比較級+than+the others/any of the others”，這三個結構表示“比同一范圍中的任何一個人或物都……”，如果比較的雙方不屬于同一類別或范圍，句中則不用other（s）。

【中考題例】

（2014年黃岡卷）-Everyone knows Canada is the second largest countrv in the world.

-That is，it is larger than____country in Asia.

A.any

B.any other

C.other

D.another

Key：A

七、對復合不定代詞的考查

【考點小結】

復合不定代詞有表示事物與表示人之分：表示事物的有something、anything、nothing、everything等；表示人的有somebody、anybody、nobody、everybody等。一般來說，something、somebody、everything、everybody等用于肯定句，anything和anybody用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句；nothing和nobodv本身具有否定意義，它們可構成否定句。此外，如果everything和everybody用于否定句中，則表示部分否定。注意：nobody在口語中表示“無足輕重的人、小人物”；somebody表示“大人物、重要人物”。

【中考題例】

1.（2015年長沙卷）There is____wrong with my back and it hurts seriously.

A.anything

B.something

C.nothing

2.（2015年菏澤卷）-Who taught Zhu Zhi-wen to sing？

___！He leamed singing by himself.

A.Everybody

B.Somebody

C.Nobody

3.（2015年煙臺卷）When our teacher heard of the news，he was too angry to say____.

A.everything

B.nothing

C.something

D.anything

4.（2014年溫州卷）-Look，____is danc-ing under the tree..

-Oh，that's my cousin，Anna.

A.everybody

B.anybody

C.nobody

D.somebody

5.（2015年吉林卷）There is____in to-day's newspapers，you don't need to read it.

A.something

B.nothing

C.anything

6.（2013年河南卷）He thinks himself some-body，but we think him____

A.nobody

B.anybody

C. somebody

D.everybody

7.（2015年南京卷）-What would you like to drink？

-I'm very thirsty.____you can get.Just get it now.

A.Anything

B.Something

C.Nothing

D.Other things

8.（2013年濟南卷）-Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday？

—____I did it all by myself.

A.Someone

B.Anyone

C.Nobody

D.Everybody

9.（2015年鹽城卷）-Wow，so many new buildings！But it used to be a poor village.

-Yes.____has changed in our hometown.

A.Nothing

B.Nobody

C.Everything

D.Everybody

Key：1.B 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.C

八、對關系代詞that/who/which的考查

【考點小結】

關系代詞是用來引導定語從句的代詞，包括who，whom，which和that等。注意：當關系代詞指物時，只能用that不能用which引導定語從句的情況。

當先行詞是不定代詞all、few、any、much、little、everything、something、anything、nothing等時；

當先行詞被不定代詞all、few、any、much、little、everything、something、anything、nothing等修飾時；

當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時：

當先行詞被the only（唯一的）、the very（正是、就是）、the right（正是、就是）、the last（最后的）等詞修飾時；

當先行詞中既有人又有物時。

【中考題例】

1.（2015年廣州卷）The stories____were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.

A.that

B.those

C.who

D.what

2.（2014年臨沂卷）After Mandela was free（自由的）in 1990，he chose to shake hands with the people____wanted to kill him.

A.whose

B.which

C.that

D.who

3.（2014年黃岡卷）-ln a text message，“88” means "Bye-bye".

-And another example is F2F____stands for face to face.

A.that

B.who

C.whom

D.it

Key：1.A 2.D 3.A

鞏固練習：

從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項。

1.Here is a picture of John，a good friend of____which was taken at the beach last summer.

A.his and mine

B.him and me

C.his and my

D.his and me

2.-Do you find Tom？

-No，I can't find him on____side of the road.

A.both

B.either

C.all

D.neither

3.Davidl Don't laugh at the failure of____，because____enjoys being laughed at.

A.others；nobody

B.other；everyone

C.the other；anyone

D.others；someone

4.Generally speaking，young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in____

A.the other

B.some other

C.others

D.these others

5.As far as I know，not all these books in that bookstore are second-hand；____of them are new.

A.all

B.none

C.some

D.each

6.-Excuse me，I want to buy some new books，but I can't find a bookstore.

-I know____nearby.Come on，I'll show you.

A.any

B.that

C.one

D.it

7.I can't find my ticket.I think I must have lost____

A.it

B.one

C.this

D.them

8.The Jones family couldn't agree on where to spend____vacation.

A.its

B.their

C.his

D.them

9.-What's the date？

-____is the third of October.

A.Which

B.It

C.His

D.That

10.-Which would you like to see，my pass- port or my ID card？

-Oh，____will do.

A.either

B.all

C.none

D.no one

11.The twin brothers are so much alike that I can't tell one from____.

A.the other

B.other

C.others

D.the others

12.To tell you the truth，I can't think of____better than providing a proper education for the children there.

A.everything

B.nothing

C.anything

D.something

13.On my desk is a photo that my father took of____when I was a baby.

A.him

B.his

C.me

D.my

14.The Smiths have visited two famous cities.One is in Japan and____is in China.

A.another

B.other

C.others

D.the other

15.This machine is very easy to use.____can learn to use it in a very short time.

A.Somebody

B.Anybody

.

C.Nobody

D.Few people

16.He said____at the meeting and just sat there silently.

A.something

B.anything

C.nothing

D.everything

17.Jack，Sue and I will____go to Sam's birthday party.

A.both

B.neither

C.all

D.either

18.-Can you come and give us a talk on Thursday or Friday？

-Sorry.I'm afraid____day is possible.

A.either

B.neither

C.every

D.any

19.____can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.

A.Anybody

B.Everybody

C.Nobody

D.Somebody

20.If you're buying today's paper from the stand，could you get____for me？

A.one

B.such

C.this

D.that

21.If our parents do everything for us chil-dren，we won't learn to depend on____.

A.themselves

B.them

C.us

D.ourselves

22.You are a team star！Working with____is really your cup of tea.

A.both

B.either

C.others

D.the other

23.You can't finish the work____.Let____help you.

A.yourself；me

B.yourself；mine

C.yourselves；I

D.yourselves；mine

24.Swimming is my favorite sport.There is____like swimming as a way of keeping fit.

A.something

B.anything

C.nothing

D.everything

25.-Help____to some beef，Tom.

-Thanks.It's very delicious.

A.you

B.yourselves

C.yourself

D.yours

26.-Is this____mobile phone？

-No，it is____.John's phone is beside his cup.

A.hers；his

B.his；her

C.yours；his

D.his；hers

27.Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a pic-nic with him，but____of them wants to，be-cause they have work to do.

A.either

B.any

C.neither

D.none

28.-Have you worked out how much the trip will cost？

-$4，000，or____like that.

A.anything

B.everything

C.something

D.nothing

29.No matter where he is，he makes____a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.

A.him

B.this

C.that

D.it

30.I don't like the colour of the T-shirt.Would you like to show me____one？

A.the other

B.others

C.another

D.the others

Key：

1-5 ABACC

6-10 CABBA

11-15 ACCDB

16-20 CCBCA

21-25 DCACC

26-30 DCCDC