王智亮,余騰驊,秦 琴,吳雨桐,張文倩,華媛媛,熊正愛(ài),周 瑋
(1. 重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科,重慶 400010;2. 重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌乳腺外科,重慶 400016;3.重慶市婦幼保健院產(chǎn)科,重慶 400013)
不可逆性電穿孔介導(dǎo)HPV16 E6 shRNA干擾質(zhì)粒對(duì)宮頸癌SiHa細(xì)胞增殖的影響
王智亮1,余騰驊2,秦琴1,吳雨桐1,張文倩1,華媛媛1,熊正愛(ài)1,周瑋3
(1. 重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科,重慶 400010;2. 重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌乳腺外科,重慶 400016;3.重慶市婦幼保健院產(chǎn)科,重慶 400013)
目的:探討利用治療劑量脈沖電場(chǎng)產(chǎn)生不可逆電穿孔(IRE)介導(dǎo)HPV16 E6 shRNA干擾質(zhì)粒進(jìn)入細(xì)胞的可行性,闡明二者共同作用對(duì)宮頸癌SiHa細(xì)胞增殖的影響及其作用機(jī)制。方法:將HPV16 E6基因特異性干擾序列插入pGenesil-1質(zhì)粒,構(gòu)建HPV16 E6 shRNA真核表達(dá)載體,將10個(gè)電壓為800 V、脈寬100 μs、頻率1 Hz的IRE作用于SiHa細(xì)胞與HPV 16 E6 shRNA干擾質(zhì)粒的混懸液,根據(jù)處理因素組合,分為空白對(duì)照組、IRE處理組、pGenesil-N組、pGenesil-N+IRE組、pGenesil-E6組和pGenesil-E6+IRE組。在熒光顯微鏡下觀察SiHa細(xì)胞綠色熒光蛋白(GFP)的表達(dá),計(jì)算GFP表達(dá)效率;RT-PCR法檢測(cè)HPV 16 E6 mRNA表達(dá)水平,Western blotting法檢測(cè)HPV16 E6蛋白、P53及PCNA蛋白表達(dá)水平,CCK-8法檢測(cè)各組SiHa細(xì)胞增殖能力的變化。結(jié)果:成功構(gòu)建HPV16 E6 shRNA真核表達(dá)載體,IRE處理后24 h細(xì)胞即可見(jiàn)到綠色熒光;與IRE組比較,pGenesil-E6+IRE組E6 mRNA表達(dá)水平下降(P<0.05),E6蛋白表達(dá)水平降低(P<0.05),P53蛋白表達(dá)水平增高(P<0.05),PCNA表達(dá)水平下降(P<0.05);CCK-8法檢測(cè),與pGenesil-E6組比較,pGenesil-E6+IRE組細(xì)胞增殖活性下降更明顯(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:治療劑量的IRE可介導(dǎo)外源基因進(jìn)入細(xì)胞,二者聯(lián)合作用能明顯抑制宮頸癌SiHa細(xì)胞增殖。
電穿孔;干擾質(zhì)粒;宮頸腫瘤;細(xì)胞增殖
對(duì)脈沖電場(chǎng)(pulsed electric fields,PEF)的各參數(shù)(電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度、脈沖寬度、脈沖頻率和脈沖個(gè)數(shù))進(jìn)行不同調(diào)節(jié)及組合,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)電化學(xué)治療(electrochemtherapy,ECT)、電基因治療(electrogenetherapy,EGT)以及不可逆性電穿孔(irreversible electroporation,IRE)等作用[1]。外加較低場(chǎng)強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)作用于細(xì)胞,細(xì)胞膜脂質(zhì)雙分子層上形成可逆性“小孔”(可逆性電穿孔,reversible electroporation, RE),當(dāng)電場(chǎng)參數(shù)達(dá)到一定閾值時(shí),形成“永久性孔道”,細(xì)胞發(fā)生凋亡、壞死,即IRE,這是利用IRE進(jìn)行腫瘤治療的基礎(chǔ)[2]。IRE對(duì)腫瘤的殺傷作用具有劑量依賴(lài)性[3],隨著組織對(duì)電場(chǎng)能量的沉降,遠(yuǎn)離針極中心的組織所承受的電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度降低,僅能發(fā)生RE[4],能量不足以殺傷細(xì)胞。人乳頭瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)編碼的E6可以與抑癌基因p53結(jié)合,使抑癌蛋白喪失功能,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)失控,并逐步演變成侵襲性宮頸癌[5]?;螂娹D(zhuǎn)染(electrogene transfer)作為一種細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染的物理方法,與病毒載體轉(zhuǎn)染法相比,具有無(wú)免疫原性和無(wú)突變風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[6]。為保證轉(zhuǎn)染后細(xì)胞活力,其所需電場(chǎng)場(chǎng)強(qiáng)較低,在多種上皮性腫瘤細(xì)胞中為200~300 V·cm-1[7],而這恰好在IRE靶區(qū)外場(chǎng)強(qiáng)衰減范圍(RE區(qū)域)內(nèi)。Au等[4]率先在動(dòng)物研究中證實(shí):經(jīng)門(mén)靜脈大劑量團(tuán)注質(zhì)粒對(duì)豬肝實(shí)施IRE后,豬膽囊內(nèi)可觀察到綠色熒光,表明IRE可介導(dǎo)質(zhì)粒進(jìn)入肝細(xì)胞。但目前尚無(wú)治療劑量IRE聯(lián)合干擾質(zhì)粒治療腫瘤的可行性研究報(bào)道。因此,本研究擬以HPV16病毒陽(yáng)性的宮頸癌SiHa細(xì)胞為研究對(duì)象,探討以治療劑量的IRE殺傷腫瘤細(xì)胞時(shí),充分利用RE區(qū)域介導(dǎo)靶向HPV16病毒E6基因干擾質(zhì)粒的可行性,闡明二者共同作用對(duì)于SiHa細(xì)胞增殖的影響及其可能的機(jī)制。
1.1細(xì)胞、主要試劑和儀器宮頸鱗癌細(xì)胞株SiHa(HPV16型病毒陽(yáng)性)由重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供;DMEM(高糖)培養(yǎng)基、胎牛血清和0.125%胰蛋白酶(美國(guó)Hyclone公司),質(zhì)粒載體pGenesil-1和質(zhì)粒抽提純化試劑盒(北京鼎國(guó)昌盛有限公司),試劑盒反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒2×Mix (大連寶生物公司),HPV16 E6蛋白抗體(兔抗人)(美國(guó)Santa Cruz公司),兔抗人PCNA和p53抗體(博奧森公司),Lipofecter脂質(zhì)體轉(zhuǎn)染試劑(碧云天生物技術(shù)研究所);脈沖電場(chǎng)腫瘤治療儀(重慶大學(xué)輸配電裝備及系統(tǒng)安全與新技術(shù)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室研制,專(zhuān)利號(hào):ZL20071007828 2.7),電擊小室(美國(guó)BIO-RAD公司)。
1.2HPV16 E6干擾質(zhì)粒的構(gòu)建與鑒定根據(jù)已知文獻(xiàn)[8]中關(guān)于HPV 16 E6基因的有效siRNA靶序列,選擇HPV 16型病毒E6蛋白的基因序列(Gene ID:1489078)第377~395核苷酸為HPV16E6靶序列小干擾RNA:5′-UACAACAAACCGUUGUGUG-3′;同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)1條經(jīng)Blast檢索與現(xiàn)有基因文庫(kù)中所有人源基因均無(wú)同源性的非特異性序列作為陰性對(duì)照序列:5′-GCAGATAGGTAGGCGTTAT-3′。上述2條序列分別命名為HPV16 siE6和HPV16 siN(negative)。HPV16 siE6引物正義鏈:5′-GATCCGGGAATCCATATGCTGTATTTCAAGAGAATACAGCATATGGA-
TTCCCTTTTTTA-3′,反義鏈:5′-AGCTTAAA-
AAAGGGAATCCATATGCTGTATTCTCTTGA-
AATACAGCATATGGATTCCCG-3′。將HPV16 E6基因特異干擾序列構(gòu)建入pGenesil-1質(zhì)粒。將單鏈目的序列片段退火形成的雙鏈與經(jīng)BamH和Hind 雙酶切后的質(zhì)粒pGenesil-1用T4連接酶連接,轉(zhuǎn)化DH5α感受態(tài)細(xì)胞,經(jīng)擴(kuò)大培養(yǎng)、質(zhì)粒提取、酶切鑒定與測(cè)序(上海生工生物工程技術(shù)公司),將二者分別命名為pGenesil-E6和pGenesil-N(陰性質(zhì)粒)。通過(guò)鑒定的質(zhì)粒,擴(kuò)大培養(yǎng)后提取質(zhì)粒備用。
1.3細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)SiHa細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)于含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)基(37℃、5%CO2飽和濕度)中。
1.4細(xì)胞IRE及分組選取指數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期SiHa細(xì)胞,用無(wú)血清DMEM培養(yǎng)基重懸,調(diào)整密度為2×106mL-1。細(xì)胞分為6組:空白對(duì)照組、IRE處理組、pGenesil-N組、pGenesil-N+IRE組、pGenesil-E6組和pGenesil-E6+IRE組。其中,IRE處理組、pGenesil-N+IRE組和pGenesil-E6+IRE組按如下步驟操作:將細(xì)胞懸液加入電轉(zhuǎn)杯中,體積為500 μL,分別加入相應(yīng)質(zhì)粒20 μg,吹打均勻。處理參數(shù):電壓800 V、脈寬100 μs、頻率1 Hz,脈沖個(gè)數(shù)10個(gè)。處理后電轉(zhuǎn)杯置于37℃細(xì)胞孵箱孵育10 min。將細(xì)胞懸液轉(zhuǎn)移至6孔板中,加入完全培養(yǎng)基2 mL,6 h后更換完全培養(yǎng)基??瞻讓?duì)照組、pGenesil-N組和pGenesil-E6組,提前1 d進(jìn)行6孔板鋪板,IRE處理IRE處理組、pGenesil-N+IRE組和pGenesil-E6+IRE組后,pGenesil-N組、pGenesil-E6組按照Lipofecter脂質(zhì)體轉(zhuǎn)染試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染。
1.5倒置熒光顯微鏡觀察SiHa細(xì)胞中GFP表達(dá)電處理后24 h,用倒置熒光顯微鏡觀察細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué)、GFP表達(dá)情況。隨機(jī)選取5個(gè)高倍視野,分別計(jì)數(shù)細(xì)胞總數(shù)和發(fā)綠色熒光的細(xì)胞數(shù),重復(fù)計(jì)數(shù)3次。表達(dá)效率=發(fā)綠色熒光細(xì)胞數(shù)/細(xì)胞總數(shù)×100%。
1.6RT-PCR法檢測(cè)HPV16 E6 mRNA的表達(dá)TRIzol試劑盒提取各組細(xì)胞總mRNA,RT-PCR試劑盒檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞HPV16 E6 mRNA表達(dá)量。靶基因上游引物:5′-GAGCGACCCAGAAAGTTACCA-3′,下游引物:5′-AAATCCCGAAAAGCAAAGTCA -3′;GAPDH基 因 上 游 引 物:5′-AGGCCGAGAATGGGAAGCTTGTC-3′,下游引物:5′-CCCGGCATCGAAGGTGGAAGAG-3′。反應(yīng)條件:95℃預(yù)變性5 min,95℃、30 s,60℃、30 s,72℃、90 s,30個(gè)循環(huán),PCR產(chǎn)物經(jīng)2%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測(cè)后凝膠成像儀顯影。按照相對(duì)定量的方法,利用HPV16 E6 mRNA基因與內(nèi)參GAPDH的定量結(jié)果計(jì)算2-Δ ΔCt值,HPV16 E6 mRNA表達(dá)抑制率=(1-HPV16 E6 mRNA基因相對(duì)表達(dá)水平)×100%。
1.7Western blotting法檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞HPV16 E6、P53及PCNA的表達(dá)采用總蛋白提取試劑盒提取各組細(xì)胞總蛋白,15%SDS-PAGE凝膠電泳,常規(guī)濕法轉(zhuǎn)膜,5%脫脂奶粉封閉1 h,一抗4℃孵育過(guò)夜[E6(1∶200),P53(1∶500),PCNA (1∶500),GAPDH(1∶3 000)],HRP標(biāo)記的羊抗兔( 1∶5 000,P53/PCNA/GAPDH)、羊抗鼠(1∶5 000,E6)二抗常溫孵育1 h,ECL發(fā)光顯色,進(jìn)行E6、P53和PCNA與GAPDH相對(duì)強(qiáng)度的比值分析。
1.8CCK-8法測(cè)定細(xì)胞增殖能力各組細(xì)胞處理后,離心、完全培養(yǎng)基重懸,調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度為8×104mL-1,每孔100 μL細(xì)胞懸液接種于96孔板。背景組不接種細(xì)胞只加入相應(yīng)體積的培養(yǎng)基,每組設(shè)置5個(gè)復(fù)孔,培養(yǎng)24 h后,每孔加入10 μL CCK-8試劑,細(xì)胞孵箱中孵育2 h,酶標(biāo)儀測(cè)定各孔的吸光度(A)值,波長(zhǎng)選擇450 nm,計(jì)算各處理組中的相對(duì)細(xì)胞數(shù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
2.1HPV16基因shRNA重組質(zhì)粒測(cè)序鑒定重組質(zhì)粒單酶切后,在DL 2000 DNA marker凝膠電泳出現(xiàn)200 bp左右(引物+目的片段)的片段,證明人HPV16 E6 shRNA基因已成功插入到載體中;測(cè)序結(jié)果顯示重組質(zhì)粒的目的序列與設(shè)計(jì)的寡核苷酸序列一致。見(jiàn)圖1。
2.2倒置熒光顯微鏡觀察GFP表達(dá)效率IRE轉(zhuǎn)染后24 h,SiHa細(xì)胞在熒光顯微鏡下發(fā)出綠色熒光(圖2,見(jiàn)插頁(yè)一)。pGenesil-N+IRE組與pGenesil-E6+IRE組GFP表達(dá)效率比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),表明IRE可以發(fā)揮基因轉(zhuǎn)染作用,促進(jìn)外源基因進(jìn)入細(xì)胞內(nèi)部。由于pGenesil-1載體上含有neo基因,使用G418篩選IRE處理后的細(xì)胞,傳代5次以后,使pGenesil-N+IRE組IRE聯(lián)合陽(yáng)性質(zhì)粒與pGenesil-E6+IRE組GFP陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞數(shù)比例升高,與pGenesil-N組和pGenesil-E6組比較,GFP表達(dá)效率差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
M:DL 2000 DNA marker; Lane 1: pGenesil-E6; Lane 2:pGenesil-N; Lane 3:pGenesil-1 blank vector.
圖1重組質(zhì)粒單酶切鑒定結(jié)果
Fig.1Single enzyme digestion results of recombinant plasmid
2.3IRE處理質(zhì)粒后SiHa細(xì)胞中HPV16 E6 mRNA及相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)水平RT-PCR法檢測(cè)結(jié)果:與正常對(duì)照組和IRE組比較,pGenesil-E6組及pGenesil-E6+IRE組HPV16 E6 mRNA表達(dá)水平均降低(P<0.05),以pGenesil-E6+IRE組更明顯,E6 mRNA降低(63.23±8.17)%(圖3A和B)。Western blotting法檢測(cè)結(jié)果:E6蛋白表達(dá)趨勢(shì)與PCR結(jié)果一致,與IRE處理組比較,pGenesil-E6+IRE組E6蛋白表達(dá)水平[(51.06±6.32)%]降低(P<0.05);同時(shí)P53蛋白水平[(246.27±13.18)%]升高,PCNA表達(dá)水平[(63.26±7.17)%]降低(圖4A和B)。
2.4CCK-8實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定各組細(xì)胞增殖情況CCK-8實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示:96 h時(shí)pGenesil-E6組細(xì)胞增殖活性顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),pGenesil-N+IRE組細(xì)胞增殖活性明顯低于IRE組(P<0.05),pGenesil-E6+IRE組細(xì)胞增殖活性明顯低于pGenesil-N +IRE組(P<0.05)。各組SiHa細(xì)胞增殖活性從48 h開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)升高,pGenesil-E6組細(xì)胞增殖活性低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),pGenesil-E6+IRE組細(xì)胞增殖活性低于pGenesil-N +IRE組(P<0.05)。 見(jiàn)表1。
A:Electrophoregram;Lane 1:NC group;Lane 2:IRE group;Lane 3:pGenesil-N group;Lane 4:pGenesil-E6 group;Lane 5:pGenesil-E6 group;Lane 6:pGenesil-E6+IRE.B:E6 mRNA semi-quantitative analysis;a:P<0.05vspGenesil-N group; b:P<0.05vspGenesil-N +IRE group; c:P<0.05vspGenesil-E6 group.
圖3IRE處理后SiHa細(xì)胞中HPV16 E6 mRNA表達(dá)
Fig.3Expressions of HPV16 E6 mRNA in SiHa cells after treated with IRE detected by RT-PCR
A:Electrophoregram;Lane 1:NC group;Lane 2:IRE group;Lane 3:pGenesil-N group;Lane 4:pGenesil-E6 group;Lane 5:pGenesil-E6 group;Lane 6:pGenesil-E6+IRE.B:E6 mRNA semi-quantitative analysis;a:P<0.05vspGenesil-N group; b:P<0.05vspGenesil-N +IRE group; c:P<0.05vspGenesil-E6 group.
圖4Western blotting法檢測(cè)IRE處理后SiHa細(xì)胞E6及相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)
Fig.4Expressions of E6 mRNA and related proteins in SiHa cells after treated with IRE detected by Western blotting method
表1 CCK-8實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)各組SiHa細(xì)胞增殖活性
*P<0.05,P<0.01 compared with control group;△P<0.05 compared with IRE group;#P<0.05 compared with pGenesil-N +IRE group.
通過(guò)調(diào)整PEF的相關(guān)物理參數(shù)(電壓、脈寬、頻率和脈沖個(gè)數(shù))可以觀察到復(fù)雜的生物學(xué)效應(yīng),這主要與位于電場(chǎng)內(nèi)的細(xì)胞或亞細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)的變化有關(guān)[9]。PEF在生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的早期應(yīng)用,均基于PEF的可逆性電穿孔R(shí)E效應(yīng),撤去外加電場(chǎng)后,細(xì)胞膜表面的孔洞自然閉合,不影響細(xì)胞的存活[10]。在孔洞閉合之前,細(xì)胞周?chē)拇蠓肿?DNA、化療藥物和碘化丙啶PI等)可以通過(guò)該孔洞進(jìn)入細(xì)胞,這就是基因電轉(zhuǎn)染、EGT或ECT。在此過(guò)程中,PEF的主要作用是開(kāi)放細(xì)胞膜、形成孔洞,但必須要保證細(xì)胞的存活率,因此,一般外加電場(chǎng)的場(chǎng)強(qiáng)較低即閾值場(chǎng)強(qiáng)為<667 V·cm-1,這是發(fā)生IRE損傷的理論閾值[3],大于此閾值,細(xì)胞將發(fā)生不可逆性電穿孔,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞死亡。
本課題組前期研究已證實(shí)HeLa細(xì)胞在參數(shù)為“脈寬100 μs,頻率1 Hz,脈沖8個(gè)”的PEF作用下,發(fā)生凋亡的閾值場(chǎng)強(qiáng)為1 250~1 500 V·cm-1,發(fā)生不可逆性電穿孔而早期壞死的閾值場(chǎng)強(qiáng)為1 750 V·cm-1[11],而且亞致死劑量PEF對(duì)HeLa細(xì)胞增殖無(wú)明顯影響[12]。因此,本研究保持其他參數(shù)同前(脈寬100 μs,頻率1 Hz,脈沖8個(gè)),而采用了較高場(chǎng)強(qiáng)2 000 V·cm-1(確保發(fā)生IRE),以驗(yàn)證IRE介導(dǎo)干擾質(zhì)粒進(jìn)入細(xì)胞的可行性,以及二者對(duì)宮頸癌SiHa細(xì)胞增殖的影響。
本研究成功構(gòu)建了GFP標(biāo)記的靶向HPV16型病毒E6基因的質(zhì)粒pGenesil-E6,采用治療劑量的PEF處理SiHa細(xì)胞后24 h,在倒置熒光顯微鏡下可以觀察到綠色熒光,表明治療劑量PEF可介導(dǎo)質(zhì)粒進(jìn)入腫瘤細(xì)胞。本研究進(jìn)一步顯示:雖然在參數(shù)為電壓800 V(場(chǎng)強(qiáng)2 000 V·cm-1)、脈寬100 μs、頻率1 Hz、脈沖個(gè)數(shù)10個(gè)時(shí),細(xì)胞增殖受到抑制,但與正常對(duì)照比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;而IRE轉(zhuǎn)染pGenesil-E6質(zhì)粒后,E6蛋白表達(dá)水平降低,P53蛋白表達(dá)水平增加,與細(xì)胞增殖相關(guān)的PCNA表達(dá)降低,細(xì)胞增殖能力與脂質(zhì)體轉(zhuǎn)染pGenesil-E6比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。上述結(jié)果表明:靶向HPV16 E6基因的shRNA發(fā)揮了基因沉默的作用,E6蛋白可能參與細(xì)胞增殖的調(diào)節(jié); IRE與靶基因轉(zhuǎn)染或有協(xié)同作用,使得pGenesil-E6+IRE發(fā)揮了更強(qiáng)的抑制增殖作用。本文作者猜測(cè)這可能是二者共同作用影響了PEF的“劑量效應(yīng)窗口”,或者在IRE與shRNA干擾質(zhì)粒之間存在某種協(xié)同作用,其具體機(jī)制有待進(jìn)一步研究。
雖然IRE已成功應(yīng)用于多種實(shí)體腫瘤(肝、腎、胰腺和前列腺等)的實(shí)驗(yàn)性治療,且展現(xiàn)了良好的應(yīng)用前景[2],但是由于PEF自然屬性,IRE損傷區(qū)域存在較大異質(zhì)性[13](不同組織或者個(gè)體存在電導(dǎo)性差異)、治療區(qū)域偏小(單次治療體積≤1 cm3)[13-14]。Qin等[15]研究發(fā)現(xiàn):未完全消融的腫瘤組織有較高的復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本研究所驗(yàn)證的“治療劑量IRE也可發(fā)揮基因轉(zhuǎn)染作用”的實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ),有望克服上述單用IRE存在的問(wèn)題,因此這將為嘗試聯(lián)合IRE與干擾質(zhì)粒對(duì)宮頸癌的物理治療奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。
[1]Yao C,Guo F,Li C,et al.Gene transfer and drug delivery with electric pulse generators[J].Curr Drug Metab,2013,14(3):319-323.
[2]Silk M,Tahour D,Srimathveeravalli G,et al.The state of irreversible electroporation in interventional oncology[J].Semin intervent Radiol,2014,31(2):111-117.
[3]Rubinsky B,Onik G,Mikus P.Irreversible electroporation:a new ablation modality -clinical implications[J].Technol Cancer Res Treat,2007,6(1):37-48.
[4]Au JT,Mittra A,Song TJ,et al.Irreversible electroporation facilitates gene transfer of a GM-CSF plasmid with a local and systemic response[J].Surgery,2013,154(3):496-503.
[5]Steenbergen RD,Snijders PJ,Heideman DA,et al.Clinical implications of (epi)genetic changes in HPV-induced cervical precancerous lesions[J].Nat Rev Cancer,2014,14(6):395-405.
[6]Hacein-Bey-Abina S,Von Kalle C,Schmidt M,et al.A serious adverse event after successful gene therapy for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency[J].N Engl J Med,2003,348(3):255-256.
[7]Guo H,Hao R,Wei Y,et al.Optimization of electrotransfection conditions of mammalian cells with different biological features[J].J Membrane Biol,2012,245(12):789-795.
[8]Butz K,Ristriani T,Hengstermann A,et al.siRNA targeting of the viral E6 oncogene efficiently kills human papillomavirus-positive cancer cells[J].Oncogene,2003,22(38):5938-5945.
[9]Jiang C,Davalos R,Bischof JC.A review of basic to clinical studies of irreversible electroporation therapy[J].IEEE Trans Biomed Eng,2015,62(1):4-20.
[10]Yarmush ML,Golberg A,Ser?a G,et al.Electroporation-based technologies for medicine:principles,applications,and challenges[J].Annu Rev Biomed Eng,2014,16(1):295-320.
[11]周瑋,熊正愛(ài),劉穎,等.不可逆性電穿孔致HeLa細(xì)胞凋亡與壞死的作用研究[J].第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2010,32(18):1941-1944.
[12]周瑋,熊正愛(ài),劉穎,等.亞致死劑量脈沖電場(chǎng)對(duì)HeLa細(xì)胞惡性生物學(xué)行為的影響[J].第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2012,34(16):1604-1607.
[13]Guo Y,Zhang Y,Klein R,et al.Irreversible electroporation therapy in the liver:longitudinal efficacy studies in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Cancer Res,2010,70(4):1555-1563.
[14]Ellis TL,Garcia PA,Rossmeisl JH Jr,et al.Nonthermal irreversible electroporation for intracranial surgical applications[J].J Neurosurg,2011,114(3):681-688.
[15]Qin Z,Jiang J,Long G,et al.Irreversible electroporation:an in vivo study with dorsal skin fold chamber[J].Ann Biomed Eng,2013,41(3):619-629.
Influence of irreversible electroporation mediated HPV16 E6 shRNA interference plasmid in proliferation of cervical cancer SiHa cells
WANG Zhiliang1,YU Tenghua2,QIN Qin1,WU Yutong1,ZHANG Wenqian1,HUA Yuanyuan1,XIONG Zhengai1,ZHOU Wei3
(1.Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,Second Affiliated Hospital,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400010,China; 2.Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery,First Affiliated Hospital,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016,China; 3.Department of Obstetrics,Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children,Chongqing 400013,China)
Objective To explore the feasibility of using irreversible electroporation(IRE) mediating HPV16 E6 shRNA into cervical cancer cell line SiHa,and to clarify the influence of their co-effect on the proliferation of SiHa cells and its mechanism.MethodsA HPV16 E6 gene specific interference sequence was inserted in pGenesil-1 to build a interference vector.10 pulses of IRE with 800 V,100 μs, and 1 Hz were applied to the suspension of SiHa cells and vectors.According to the treatment factors,control group,IRE group,pGenesil-N group,pGenesil-N+IRE group,pGenesil-E6 group and pGenesil-E6+IRE group were set up.The expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and transfection efficiency were confirmed by inverted fluorescence microscope 24 h after the vector was transfected by IRE,and the expression efficancy of GFP was calculated.The expression levels of E6 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting method which was also applied to detect the expressions of P53 and PCNA.The proliferative activity of SiHa cells was determined by CCK-8 assay. ResultsEnzyme digestion and DNA sequencing verified that the vectors were correctly constructed. GFP was seen under inverted fluorescence microscope 24 h after IRE transfection.Compared with IRE group,the expression levels of E6 mRNA and protein were decreased detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting method after the vectors were treated with IRE,the P53 protein expression level was increased(P<0.05),and the PCNA expression level was decreased(P<0.05). The CCK-8 assay results showed the proliferative activity of SiHa cells in pGenesil-E6+IRE group was decreased more obviously than that in pGenesil E6 group (P<0.05).ConclusionIRE can play the role of gene transfection of mediating HPV16 E6 shRNA into SiHa cells,and their co-effect can significantly inhibit the proliferation of SiHa cells.
electroporation;interference plasmid;uterine cervical neoplasms; cell proliferation
1671-587Ⅹ(2015)06-1107-06
10.13481/j.1671-587x.20150602
2015-04-03
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助課題(81201745,81301928);重慶市衛(wèi)生局醫(yī)學(xué)科研項(xiàng)目資助課題(2011-2-155)
王智亮(1987-),男,陜西省漢中市人,在讀醫(yī)學(xué)博士,主要從事婦科腫瘤方面的研究。
周瑋,副主任醫(yī)師(Tel:023-60333346,E-mail:dr.zhouwei@163.com)
R737.33
A
吉林大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)2015年6期